We have studied the effect of presowing enrichment
with copper on the seed yield of rice. We have found
optimum concentration of water solution of copper,
which provides higher yields of seeds and evaluated
the impact of the enrichment with copper on the
growth processes in the plants of rice. The studies
were conducted in elite seed-growing enterprise
"Krasnoe" of All-Russian Research Institute of rice.
It was found that for rice-growing farms of the
Kuban region with the aim of increasing the quantity
and quality of grain yield it is necessary to make
sowing of rice seeds enriched with copper. This
application should be carried out by wetting the rice
seeds with 0,5 % water solution of the microelement
with a semi-dry method, i.e. the rate of 10 liter
working solution of copper in 1 ton of seed. The
article proves the economic feasibility of enrichment
of rice seeds with copper
The successful development of livestock requires
maintaining and further increasing of the genetic
potential, the basis for the manifestation of which is
the adequite balanced feeding. Currently, one of the
most urgent problems of livestock breeding is to find
ways for reduction of the negative impact of various
feeding factors on the animals. In industrial
conditions, it is difficult to exclude various feed
stresses, which lead to a decrease in productivity,
survival rate and ill health of animals and poultry.
The work summarizes the research in this direction,
taking into account the achievements of domestic
and foreign authors. A serious problem of feed
producing companies and livestock farms is the grain
and compound feed affection with fungi and their
metabolic products - mycotoxins. Based on the
results of the research of several authors, the ways of
solving this problem were identified and
recommendations on the reduction of the negative
effect on the body were provided. It is noted, that
one of the best and effective ways to reduce the
negative effect of mycotoxins on the body is a
method of administration of adsorbents in animal
feed. But it should be taken into consideration that in
order to maximize the protection against mycotoxins
and minimize their harmful effects on the body of
animals it is necessary to use preparations, which
include adsorbents of organic and inorganic nature,
as well as to comply with the dosage of their
introduction into the diets of animals and poultry.The
progressive forms of preparations of a new
generation, solving problems of the negative impact
of feeding factors, include probiotics, which contain
some bacteria, immobilized on the solid particles, so
that they inhabit the intestine faster. Modern
biological complexes have immune correcting
properties, increase non-specific resistance of the
organism, normalize microbiocenosis of
gastrointestinal tract, and stimulate the functional
activity of the digestive system. Therefore, it is
necessary to use feed additives with detoxification
properties as part of animal compound feed,
according to recommendations on their application in
appropriate dosages
Currently, personal subsidiary farms (PSF) have an
important place in solving of the food security problem
in some regions and the country as a whole. The
organization of optimal and sustainable management
strategy of maintenance for PSF should be planned
according to the study of functioning of PSF. The
authors propose a unified methodical approach for
complex accounting of energy costs of external and
internal flows involved in the production of
agricultural products. Comparative energy
characteristic of the functioning of the two personal
subsidiary farms located in the Tomsk oblast and
having different socio-economic and climatic
conditions is presented in the article. Both farms are
located in the taiga zone of Western Siberia.
Calculations of the energy content of all the incoming
and outgoing flows involved in the economic activities
of PSF showed that the flow of technogenicanthropogenic
energy is the most energy-intensive for
both farms. Some conformity in the energy structure
of consumption of their own product takes place
despite the different types of stockbreeding
specialization. An assessment of the level of selfsufficiency
in food has shown that more favourable
socio-economic conditions create preconditions for an
increase of the anthropogenic flow. While PSF located
in remote areas are forced to conduct of business
activities with maximum using of natural resource
potential
Feijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful
traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental
value and long profitable period). These fruits have
delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The
fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing
sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple
flavor and contain significant quantities of important
substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%),
sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids,
mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the
challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and
plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids
originated from free pollination, and characterized by
a great variety in biological and morphological traits,
differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and
yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced
the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using
classical and modern breeding methods and available
genetic resources for commercial gardening and
production. Development of the core hybrid diversity
material and selection of promising forms are the
most important stages of the breeding process,
providing success of further breeding programs. The
breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was
carried out according to the principle of combining
the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There
are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations
('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba',
'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya',
'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The
viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to
pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium -
1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility
varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 -
68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were
established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba'
x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid
genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in
combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%)
and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).
The article reveals issues concerning three years
research about the rate of influence complex
water soluble fertilizers in seed treatment and
treatment vegetative plant in phase 3-5 and 7-8
leaves for grain yield increase. In the process of
research were determined summarized water
consumption and coefficient of water
consumption, measuring of morphological signs,
were given economical estimation of using
complex water soluble fertilizers in corn grain
yield increase. The research shows the efficiency
of seed treatment of average corn hybrid
Krasnodarskiy 377 AMV by complex water
soluble fertilizer Lignohumate potassium at dose
0,5 l/t. Grain yield increase in mentioned variant
was 4,4 c/ha in comparison with variant of
distilled water treatment. The same grain yield
increase was got by using in seed treatment the
mixture of Albit, 0,05 l/t with Lignohumate
potassium, 0,5 l/t. the treatment of vegetative
plants in phase 3-5 leaves when were sowed non
treated seed were less efficient than in phase 7-8
leaves, where grain yield increase was 4,5 c/ha.
Seed treatment of Lignohumate potassium in
combination with vegetative plants treatment in
phase 7-8 leaves by using Megamix, Bionekskemi
and Lignohumate potassium allowed to get
grain yield level 80,3-80,8 c/ha
Using of seedling method for growing early potatoes
accelerates the starting processes of growth and
development of plants, and the application of
temporary covers of the nonwoven covering materials
protects the landing from sudden temperature changes
and relapsing frost. To receive seedlings of early
potatoes we used standard seed tubers of 60-80 g
weigh of the following varieties: Agata, Red Scarlett,
Kislovodskiy, Vershininskiy and Sheri. By the time of
planting in the ground, depending on the varieties, the
height of seedling was from 13 to 26 cm, the number
of leaves - 7-10 pieces. Conducting of trial unearthing
of potato showed that on 45 days after transplanting
into the ground (the second decade of May), it is
possible to receive up to 10, 5-11, 4 t/ha (Agata and
Red Scarlett varieties). On 55 days (the third decade of
May), the yield reached 26, 4 t/ha of standard tubers,
and in the first decade of June the yield was from 26, 4
to 50, 6 t/ha. The maximum yield of standard tubers of
50, 6 t/ha was obtained by lifting on 65 days with the
Red Scarlett variety. In the terms of the Astrakhan
region the growing of early potato by seedling method
with using of temporary cover allows to receive the
ultra-early harvest of marketable tubers in the II-III
decade of May
We have selected a group of test animals and formed a
set of techniques for the research. The article gives an
evaluation of fattening qualities (precocity, average
daily gain, feed consumption per 1 kg of gain) of
purebred and crossbred pigs. We present the dynamics
of body weight and body length for the experimental
pigs, productive qualities, the thickness of back fat of
experimental animals to achieve the 100 and 130 kg of
live weight
The increasing consumption of forest resources causes
a greater anthropogenic impact on forest ecosystems
and leads to a negative impact on both biodiversity and
the environment as a whole. In this article, the
sustainability of forest phytocenosises of southeast of
Western Siberia is assessed using the example of
Tomsk region. The analysis of the status and dynamics
of the forests of Tomsk region has been assessed. The
main factors negatively affecting the biodiversity of
forests of Tomsk region were analyzed. The forests
cover extensive areas; therefore, the studies were
carried out based on the data from the State Forestry
Register of the Russian Federation for the period from
2008 to 2015. According to the results of the study, the
sustainability of forest phytocenosises has increased
significantly in recent years, which can be explained
by its strengthened ability to maintain the current state
under the influence of external factors. This work
considers such causes of damage and death of forest
plantations as pests, forest diseases, unfavorable soil
and climate impacts, forest fires, as these are the main
and most massive phenomena that cause the greatest
damage to forest. It is possible to see the dynamics of
damage and death of forest plantations on the figures
presented in the article
The provisions to improve the efficiency of vineyards
are the selection of varieties different by ripening,
adapted to local conditions, as well as the use of a new
generation of fertilizers. According to phenological
observations and actual production period, the varieties
of table grapes are divided into groups by ripeness –
early and middle. According to the yield, there were
emphasized the following varieties: in the early group
– Cardinal (11,3 t/ha), Vostorg (Delight) (11,2 t/ha),
Bogatyrskiy (10,9 t/ha); in the middle ripening group -
Kishmish luchistyj (11,2 t/ha), Moldova (11,2 t/ha),
with large clusters (266-453 g) and berries (3,2-7,0 g),
a berries’ crush resistance was from average 850 g to
high up to 1528 g, berries’ strength of attachment to
fruitstems was high – 259 and solid – 666 g. It was
observed the positive benefit of foliar application of a
new generation of micro fertilizers. In the phase of
ripening of berries the total length of shoots of
fertilized variants was above the control variant for the
variety Ranniy Magaracha on 2,6-13,4%, for the
Karaburnu on 2,5-13,9%. Maturing shoots in this
phase was on the variety Ranniy Magaracha – 76,5-
92,4% (control variant – 74,6%), while on the
Karaburnu variety – 72,8-83,1% (control variant –
70,9%). Fertilizers contributed to the increase of leaf
area on the Ranniy Magaracha variety on 3,9-15,9
thousand sq.m/ha (control variant – 20,0 thousand
sq.m/ha), on the variety Karaburnu on 3,4-13,1
thousand sq.m/ha (control variant – 22,8 thousand
sq.m/ha). The yielding capacity on the fertilized
variants have increased by 7,1-23,0% depending on the
variety. The maximum yielding capacity was obtained
when using compound nanotechnological fertilizer
Nagro on the variety Ranniy Magaracha – 13,4 t/ha
and on the variety Karaburnu – 15,5 t/ha
High growth-rate of plantlet is the integral index of
intensity of physiological processes at rice and other
cultures. 20 typical plantlets from each of two
variants were studded (in the distilled water in
thermostat at a temperature 29° C) by:
length of embryonic root and coleoptile. Comparative
analysis of trait characterizing the growth rates of rice
varieties showed reliable advantage of Russian ones
above the Italian and Chinese. Local varieties,
regionalized until the year 2000, exceed new ones on
this trait. Highest growth rates were characterized by
medium grain samples. The white grain and red grain
varieties are excelled other groups on the height of
plantlet. Analysis rates of height of plantlets in the
distinguished groups showed the necessity of
prosecution of improvement of the above enumerated
signs at the varieties of late term of ripening, long
grain, with Waxy gene, colored grain. We recommend
to sow this type of varieties on fields with good
leveling, because of low speed of growth