Development of confectionery sunflower openpollinated
varieties (OP-varieties) is a prospect
direction in sunflower breeding. High price level for
confectionery sunflower seeds pushes forward the
breeding program. The aim of our work is to study
dependence of main valuable confectionery seed
characteristics from plant density and to identify
sunflower samples, which decrease seed size at
minimum level under high plant density. The study
was done at All-Russia Oil Crops Research Institute
(VNIIMK) named by V.S. Pustovoit (Krasnodar) in
2015 and 2016. Seeds of different biotypes of OP
sunflower variety called Dzhinn were used as a
material. Samples were sown with 2 replications.
Every plot had 1 row. The highest yield of OP variety
Dzhinn was obtain under plant density 60 000 plants
per ha. 1000-seeds weight decreased with increasing
plant density up to 60 000 plants per ha. Prospect for
future breeding samples were identified which not
decrease the level of valuable traits under higher plant
density
Basic aim of institute’s breeding is to keep, renew and
increase selection and genetic resources of Nicotiana
tabacum. Final stages of this work are competitive and
state sort testing procedures. Their results are base for
zoning new sorts. In the article, the results on testing 8
new tobacco sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort type
are presented. Testing on experimental field situated in
Severskii district of the Krasnodar region lasted for
five years. For this purpose, phenological observations,
biometric and technological properties measuring,
plant productivity and dried tobacco quality
assessments and other operations were carried. As the
result, Trapezond 25, Ostrolist 360 and Sheptalskii 63
sorts may be recommended for zoning and utilizing in
industry. Trapezond 25 and Sheptalskii 63 are sorts
with high productivity, high quality of dried tobacco
and good curing properties. Ostrolist 360 when earlymiddle
maturing keeps high productivity and quality of
cured tobacco. Other sorts: Trapezond 115, Ostrolist
311, Ostrolist 149, Ostrolist 90, Krupnolistniy 22 can
be initial material for further selection
The article analyzes the experience of zoning of
territory of the Bryansk region on the main factors of
erosion to select the measures to combat it. The
Bryansk region in its present borders, mainly
representing the middle course of the Desna river, has
been considered safe in relation to erosion. The
existing zoning is based on the quantitative
characteristics of the processes of erosion that
primarily allowed us to assess the scale of their impact
on nature and the region's economy. The erosion
zoning was performed on the basis of the map of
erosion-prone land. As a result of study and analysis of
all natural factors of erosion and land of the region
under study the regularities of distribution of land
erosion and intensity of spring rainfall and soil erosion
are detected. Under the leadership of Filin V. I., a
survey of the ravines of the region was conducted and
made the scheme of erosion zoning, according to
which the region is divided into three areas. It is
noteworthy Horinas E. V. research. When divided into
areas it was taken into consideration the need for each
of them specific actions to combat the causes and
consequences of erosion in relation to the peculiarities
of the latter in each district. According to the intensity
of the erosion processes and physico-geographical
zoning of the Bryansk region and the nature of
agricultural land use, specialists of the Bryansk branch
of the Institute "Rosgiprozem" produced erosion
zoning of the territory of the region, which highlighted
seven erosion regions. From the variety of methods for
zoning, the most appropriate in our view are created,
based on the estimated small-scale (medium-scale)
maps of erosion of land, capable of performing the
function diagrams of erosion zoning
Hybridization was performed for nine hybrid
combinations between Russian early-ripening varieties
Novator and Serpantin and South Korean cold-tolerant
introduced samples Odaebueo и Tinbubueo. As a
result, 283 hybrid caryopses in eight combinations
were obtained, which were later studied in growing
conditions. Study of trait inheritance in F1 hybrids was
conducted, heterosis effect of studied hybrid
populations was determined by productivity and
individual elements of yield structure, using indicators
of the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) of
quantitative traits. Significant variability in agronomic
traits of F1 hybrids was determined. The manifestation
of heterosis in productivity was noted in combination
Odaebueo / Tinbubueo, in which super dominance was
observed by all the studied traits forming productivity,
in the hybrid progeny. Using the "halves method",
analysis for cold resistance of 227 F2 plants in eight
hybrid populations was performed. Seven lines with
increased resistance to low positive temperatures
during germination were identified in five hybrid
combinations, which is 3% of the studied material. It
is shown that in breeding for cold resistance as mother
plants in hybridization it is necessary to use rice
varieties (samples) that are resistant to low positive
temperatures during germination, and as paternal -
more productive varieties, adapted to soil and climatic
conditions of rice growing area of the Krasnodar
Region
The article presents brief results of the introduction of
Hibiscus syriacus L. varieties for a signs collection in
the south of Russia. Since 2007, Federal State
Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian
Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and
Viticulture (Krasnodar) has been working on the
introduction and researching of Hibiscus Syriacus
varieties and signs collection is being formed.
Introduced varieties of hibiscus are obtained in zones
with a moderate temperature-humidity regime,
therefore not all are easily adapted in the conditions of
the south of Russia. According to the results of the
research, several varieties of sources of valuable traits
have been identified. Varieties with pure white petals:
Totus Alba, William R. Smith, White Chiffon, White
Pillar. Varieties with bright crimson color petals:
Freedom, Carneus Plenus, Woodbridge, Duc de
Brabant. The Blue Chiffon variety is the source of
bright blue petals, Sanchonyo is a source of bright
purple-crimson petals. Of great value are varieties that
have an unusual combination in the color of petals,
like the varieties Monstrosus and Hamabo. By the
sign: a large flower (d of a flower more than 12 cm),
the collection includes varieties White Chiffon, Chaina
Chiffon, Pink Giant. Variety Dorothi Crane and
hybrids: T-16-11, T-7-11, K-16-12 are identified as
sources of round, wheel-shaped flower. With a double
flower type, the varieties are represented by varieties:
Blue Chiffon, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Leopoldii,
Speciosus, Lucci, Sanchonyo, Freedom, Carneus
Plenus. Varieties: Woodbrige, Russion Violet, Ledy
Stenly, White Chiffon, China Chiffon, Purple Pillar
are sources of abundant long (more than 3 months)
flowering. With a high degree of self-purification after
flowering, varieties are distinguished: White Chiffon,
Sanchonyo, Purple Pillar, White Pillar, Freedom.
Varieties: China Chiffon, Freedom, Lucii, Leopoldii,
RussionViolet, hybrid forms: T-16-11, T-18-11, T-21-
12 are characterized by increased adaptability to
abiotic factors in south of Russia. Dedicated varieties and forms - sources of valuable economic and
biological characteristics are of interest for involving
in selection and allow to model varieties with given
properties
The presented research is devoted to the development
of the import-substituting production technology of
the proteins dresser for food from local vegetable
resources, in particular, of lupine. Lupine seeds
contain about 40% of protein rich in all irreplaceable
amino acids. Protein of lupine noticeably differs from
protein of soy in inhibitors content, and namely,
proteases, that does not cause allergic reactions. The
main part of oil composition of oil of lupine is maid
up of linolenic, linoleic and olein acids. Use of lupine
seeds in production of complex raw structure
products will allow to increase the biological value of
a proteins component of a traditional type of raw
materials of phytogenesis and to reduce the available
deficit of protein. It is a will-know fact, that lupine is
added to the recipes of buns, fermented milk and
cottage cheese products, rich crackers and long
cookies. Technologists have recently received a
certain concentrate from lupine seeds of high
biological value, and a pastelike concentrate of lupine
which can be used as a filler in milk, meat, baking
and confectionery industries is being under development. The results of the research show that
seeds of lupine can be considered as one of the
perspective sources of white and competitive
ingredient for developing new recipes and
technologies of different types of multicomponent
food. It is necessary to continue the research on
creation of different types of food with use of lupine
seeds. Thus, the products received from lupine seeds
can be used as raw materials for improvement of
quality of food and as additives for creation of
compoundings of new types of foodstuff
The article shows the ninth year of research on the
remineralization of leached chernozem. In the
plants of winter wheat, the content of macro and
micronutrients of nutrition under remineralization
of leached chernozem was investigated. It is
established that when introducing rocks, the
content of food elements in plants rises
We have presented opportunities to improve the nutritional value of wine production: improvement of biogenetic soil, using organic fertilizers. The nutritional value is ensured by not only high-quality biochemical diversity of berries, but also the safety of products that do not contain toxic inclusions. Bio-fertilizer stimulates the biotransformation of toxic soil residues to replenish soil nutrients for the plant, providing grape raw material with biologically active substances and improves the nutritional value of wine products. Food safety of grapes is ensured by reducing it residues of hazardous chemicals migrating from the soil into the plant and the grapes. It has been established, that after 3 years of application of biofertilizers we significantly improved food safety and quality in the biochemical parameters, especially important for the classic wine grape varieties. The soil content of toxic residues in grape raw material is reduced to 50%, the amount of organic acids increases by: 4,22 mg/dm3(Gallic, coffee acid, chlorogenic; 0.7 g/cm3 amber; of 1.33 mg/dm3 ascorbic; 0.25 mg/dm3 nicotinic
The use of resource-saving technologies for cultivation of basic crops does not make sense without the use of microelement fertilizers, biologics and growth regulators. All this fully applies to the technology of cultivation of the main bean culture – pea. In the current market conditions of agrochemical products, microfertilizers are presented in a wide range. Identifying the most effective of them at a price and yield increase is a defining task for agricultural producers. In this connection, the purpose of the research was to study the influence of biologics and growth regulators on the development and productivity of peas with the definition of their most effective them. The studies were conducted in 2014-2016 on the fields of the training and demonstration center on the introduction of resource-saving technologies of the IPCC APK VO "DGAU" in Zernograd, Rostov Region. As the studied drugs there were used Rizotorfin, Extrasol, Vigor Fort, Miwal Agro, Flavobacterin, Biogumat Kubansky, KU-8 Agrofon. As a result of the research, it was established that all the preparations studied showed a positive effect on the development of pea plants grade Angela. The yield gain was 0,34-0,56 t/ha in comparison with the control. The most effective are the following ones: Extrasol with a yield increase of 0,56 t / ha (14,6%) and a profitability level of 232%, Mival Agro – 0,54 t/ha (14,1%) and a profitability level of 192%, Biohumat Kuban – 0,55 t/ha (14,3%) and the level of profitability of 271%. A good level of profitability was noted at KU-8 Agrofon – 224%
The article presents results of studying the oenology
and the biochemistry of the Cabernet-Sauvignon
grapes in different areas of the Krasnodar region -
Taman, Anapa, Abrau-Dyurso, Gelendzhik and
Krasnodar. The yields, the mechanical composition of
the grapes, the biochemical indicators of the juice of
berries were compared. The cultivation zone affects
the yield, the average mass of the bunch, the number
and mass of berries in the bunch, the mass of the crest,
but according to the percentage of berries and crest in
the bunch, the bunch structure (ratio of mass of berries
to mass of the ridge) does not significantly differ
between growing zones. The mass of 100 berries and
100 seeds, the weight of seeds in 100 berries, the
clustering index (the ratio of pulp with juice to peel)
can differ in different places of growth, but with
insignificant coefficients of variation. The composition
of the bunch as a percentage of the total mass varies
little over the growing zones: the ridges make up 5.6-
5.7%, the skin 4.9-5.2%, the seeds 4.8-4.9%, the pulp
with the juice - 84.3-84.5%. Structural and berry
indicators varied in the range of 5.4-5.5 and 76.84,
respectively. Depending on the place of cultivation, the
yield of the grape must in laboratory conditions was
75.1-75.7%. Analysis of the structure, composition and
the structure of bunches showed that the mechanical
composition of Cabernet-Sauvignon refers to the first
group of varieties that retain their valuable
characteristics when changing the growing conditions.
When harvesting, the mass concentration of sugars was
19-19.8%, titrated acidity - 8.1-9.2 g / dm3, pH - 3.3-
3.4. Depending on the place of cultivation of the
content of organic acids in the juice of berries was:
wine - 4917-5918 mg / dm3, apple - 1926-2763, lemon
- 215-416 mg / dm3. In different places of cultivation
in% of the total amount of organic acids studied, the
content of tartaric acid varied from 61.7 to 71.4%,
apple - from 24.7 to 33.3%, lemon - from 3 to 5%.
Thus, the content of organic acids in the juice of
Cabernet-Sauvignon berries depends on the specific
growing conditions. Depending on the growing places,
the mass concentration of potassium cations is 2630-3508 mg / dm3, sodium 162-436, magnesium 171-230,
calcium 185-255 mg / dm3. However, in most cases,
as a percentage of the total cation content, there are no
differences depending on the site of growth. Thus, the
biochemical parameters of the juice of CabernetSauvignon
berries depend on the specific natural
conditions of the terrain and, according to these
parameters, the variety belongs to the second group of
varieties with less plasticity to different growing
conditions