In the article the innovations developed by the department are presented. The short characteristic of the basic forms of the bushes applied at vineyards in zones of uncovered, conditionally covered and covered vine growing is given. New energy and resource saving technologies of cultivation of grape are examined
The grade of grapes "Academician Eryomin" is introduced in Greece by P.Zamanidi and L.Troshin in 2002 by crossing of Greek Trapsa grade with French Alikant Bush. Duration of production period is 146-155 days. Productivity is very high. The average weight of clusters is 230 gr. It differs by high winter hardiness, drought resistance and raised stability to mushroom illnesses in comparison with grades of Vitis vinifera. The flower is hermaphroditic. Grapes are average size, conic, average density. A berry of average size, roundish, blue-black color, with dense wax touch. A peel is tight. Pulp and juice are intensively painted, with the sort taste. Sugar content is high. Grapes are dried when overripen, concentration of sugars thus reaches 30 and more units. The grade is intended for manufacturing of intensively painted dry red wines of an excellent class, and also high-quality dessert and sweet wines; it is suitable for manufacturing of high-quality juices as well
The leading place among different methods of clone selection of grapes takes the method of professor A.S. Merganian. This method is put the base of modern clone selection which provides a reliable results on practice.
In the article color photos of perspective grades of grapes of the North Caucasus, having valuable characteristics for their use for production workers of the south of Russia and selectors as initial forms are presented. These grades are certified as perspective on the basis of long-term studying by originators and statements of Gov. sort committee of the Russian Federation after insertion into the State sorts book
In article there are new modern technologies of using young vineyards, which help to give higher growth of roots and shoots, higher degree of life and coming in full fruitless in time. It is the most fast and easy method of using tendril, clips and forcing of wires of the system Gripple [3].
The Makedonas is a new wine higher quality black grape’s variety, was found out by Panteley Zamanidi and Leonid Troshin in 2001 in Greece and created by hybridization between Ksinomavro and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties. It’s belong to the group of Black see pool varieties on morphologic-physiological characteristics (convar. pontica subconvar. balcanica Negr.). The variety is used for making dry red wines of excellent quality. It is very perspective variety in Southern zones of Europe where the grape couldn’t get good acidity in the juice of berries
“Professor Elena Zakharova” variety is a hybrid between Aigeorgitico and Cabernet Fran, which was made in the result Greek-Russian creative scientific cooperation. The period of production is 156-165 days. The growth of arms is fast. The degree of ripening is higher. The percent of fruitful arms is more than 90. The yield is high. The average weight of cluster is 260 g. It has high resistance to cold, drought-resistance and higher resistance to mushroom diseases. The leave is average, symmetrical, average parted, five lobes. There are two inflorescences on one arms - 4 and 6 on the nodes. The flower is hermaphroditic. The cluster is middle, cylindroconical, middle density. The berry is middle, round, blue-black color. The pulp is juicy, with solanaceous taste. The sugar content is high. This variety is developed for producing dry red wines of perfect quality
In the article color photos of grades of grapes in the North Caucasus are resulted: all of 138 zoned, i.e. recommended grades for cultivation in the south of the Russian Federation. Grades are photographed directly on the bushes in a full maturity of berries that allows user to receive the visual information on features of a complex generative and vegetative sphere of plants and marker signs for definition of their true names or an establishment of synonyms
Effects of different levels of vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine and nicotinic acid) and macro-elements (MS, NN and PG) on development of globular, heart- and torpedo-stage embryos and plantlets with green cotyledons and on shoot production from them were studied in grapevine interspecific hybrids: cvs. ‘Bianca’, ‘Podarok Magaracha’ and ‘Intervitis Magaracha’. Pro-embryogenic calli were derived from petiole explants on solid full-strength NN medium supplemented with different levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) for each cultivar and used to initiate cell suspensions in liquid NN medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg L-1 BA. The following formulations of media were optimal for different stages of somatic embryogenesis and for plantlets with green cotyledons development: liquid NN medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 BA for globular embryo formation; liquid HTE medium (with PG macro-elements, thiamine and pyridoxine at 5 mg L-1 each and 0.5 mg L-1 nicotinic acid): supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 BA for heart-stage embryo development, supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 30 mg L-1 sodium humate for torpedo-stage embryo development and supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) for the growth of plantlets with green cotyledons. Solid MS medium modified by the addition of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and p-aminobenzoic acid (PAB) at 5 mg L-1 each, 0.5 mg L-1 thiamine and 0.5 mg L-1 BA was best efficient for shoot production from plantlets. Inflorescence formation in regenerated plants of cv. ‘Podarok Magaracha’ grown on solid hormone-free PG medium was induced by addition of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and PAB at 5 mg L-1 each, 0.5 mg L-1 thiamine and 0.2 mg L-1 BA into liquid modified HTE medium for growth of plantlets with green cotyledons and into solid modified MS medium for shoot production from them.
Zoned assortment of grape plantings of Russia, 170 grades for today, by their ten years' estimations by production workers and assortment researchers, as well as in other wine growing countries, it is divided into three ampelographical groups: recommended or zoned, resolved (perspective and duplicated) and temporarily resolved. It allows to be guided easily to practical workers of wine growing sub-division in the point of selection of the necessary grades and the organization of optimum industrial ampelocenoseums of any scale