This article discusses the results of the study to determine the impact of different primary tillage and herbicide against weeds in winter wheat agrocenosis. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage (moldboard plowing and surface treatment) factor A and herbicide (Lancelot) factor B on the agro-physical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period of winter wheat in 0-100 cm of soil layer didn’t depend on the method of tillage. Introduction of herbicide Lancelot boosted the moisture reserves in soil compared to the control type, in the herbicide-free type the weeds absorb the large amounts of moisture. Surface soil treatment did not have negative effects on soil agro-physical properties and its structure in comparison with moldboard plowing. Number of agronomically valuable aggregates on moldboard plowing is 85.2 - 87.5%, on surface one is - 86.2 87.5%. Density of composition and waterproof aggregates under surface treatment didn’t defer to tillage. Accumulation of wet and dry mass by weeds regardless to the way of soil tillage declined to a minimum when introducing the herbicide Lancelot. The high yield of winter wheat was obtained on this type. Mathematical processing results have shown that due to factor A (main soil tillage) to moldboard plowing the average productivity is 57.5 kg/ha, on surface one is 56.0 kg/ha, i.e. the difference between treatments is 1.5 t/ha (with NSR05 on factor - 2.9 t/ha) is insignificant. To factor B (herbicides) on control the productivity is 54.5 kg/ha, introduction of Lancelot increased the productivity to 59.5 t/ha, i.e. the increase was 5.5 kg/ha at NSR05-by the factor B-2.9 t/ha, i.e. is significant. Thus, the present soil treatments had no effect on yield of winter wheat in ordinary black soil. The use of herbicide Lancelot has produced the harvest increase in 0.5 t/ha on average for 2 years
Using of organomineral composts to preserve fertility and restore ecological functions of chernozem soils in the Krasnodar territory is necessary. Their composition depends on the properties of chernozem soils and can include various wastes of industry and agriculture. The main component of compost can be organic wastes of livestock, and plant residues and mineral additives are additional compost components. Peculiarities of the interaction of the components of the organomineralic mixture, which including manure of cattle and phosphogypsum, are considered in the work. In the interaction of organic particles of cattle manure and phosphogypsum particles, structural formations are formed where the phosphogypsum particles are enveloped by particles of cattle manure. The experience of composting this organomineral mixture with various crop residues of crops was carried out. Plant residues according to the intensity of decomposition in composts can be represented in the next row, beginning with more decomposed ones: sugar beet> winter wheat> winter barley> corn> sunflower. The composts obtained were characterized by a well-aggregated structure with a predominance of particles 1-2 mm in diameter, good aeration, low density (1.01-1.10 g / cm3), and favorable humidity (22-25%). The structural factor of composts with different plant residues ranged from 3.1 to 4.3 units. The best physical properties were compost, including plant residues of sugar beet, the worst - sunflower. The combination of an organomineral mixture with various plant residues contributed to a decrease in alkalinity of the substrate, a slowing of the mineralization of organic matter, restraint of ammonification processes, and an increase in the content of total nitrogen and phosphorus
The article gives an overview of the current
developments of scientists of the Russian Federation in
the field of production of feed concentrates and
premixes for cattle. A critical analysis of feed
concentrates and premixes of preventive and
compensatory action for the control of mycotoxicoses
was carried out, and their brief characteristics were
given. The characteristic of biologically active
substances and fillers, declared in the recipes of feed
concentrates and premixes, is given. It is shown that
the alternative to existing feed concentrates and
premixes on the market is vitamin-mineral fodder
concentrate "Tetra +", developed by the authors. Based
on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the
relevance of studies to identify the effectiveness of
vitamin-mineral fodder concentrate "Tetra +" in
livestock
A variety determines the direction of use of grape
products and plays a leading role in improving its
quality. Preservation of genetic resources of grapes
and their studying are very important for modern
science. The studied material makes it possible to use
the selected genetic characteristics for breeding new
varieties of grapes, taking into account the
requirements, and introducing them into production, as
well as highlighting the most valuable varieties for
transferring them to the state variety testing. Among a
wide variety of grape varieties, in the ampelographic
collection there are varieties of AZOSVIV selection of
the technical direction: Krasnostop AZOS and
Dostoiniy, for which complete phenotyping was
carried out. The phenological and agrobiological
information on the grape varieties studied for 2015-
2017 is collected. The presented grades of grapes of
the technical direction are characterized by high
quality of production. The wines from the varieties
Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy are competitive,
characterized with high consumer properties; they
enjoy the well-deserved fame and were nominees of
exhibitions and holders of diplomas repeatedly. Based
on the results of microsatellite profiling, the varieties
showed a sort-specific general combination of alleles.
At the same time, in each locus there is one identical allele, which corresponds to the fact that the varieties
Krasnostop AZOS and Dostoiniy have one common
parent (Phylloxer-resistant Gemete). The received
formulas of a variety (DNA-passports) in practice can
be effectively applied to determine the cleanliness of
planting stock and plantations of grapes, specification
of the parent forms of the sample and in the disputed
questions of the authorship of the variety. The study
was supported by Federal Agency for Scientific
Organizations program for support the bioresource
collections
Currently, personal subsidiary farms (PSF) have an
important place in solving of the food security problem
in some regions and the country as a whole. The
organization of optimal and sustainable management
strategy of maintenance for PSF should be planned
according to the study of functioning of PSF. The
authors propose a unified methodical approach for
complex accounting of energy costs of external and
internal flows involved in the production of
agricultural products. Comparative energy
characteristic of the functioning of the two personal
subsidiary farms located in the Tomsk oblast and
having different socio-economic and climatic
conditions is presented in the article. Both farms are
located in the taiga zone of Western Siberia.
Calculations of the energy content of all the incoming
and outgoing flows involved in the economic activities
of PSF showed that the flow of technogenicanthropogenic
energy is the most energy-intensive for
both farms. Some conformity in the energy structure
of consumption of their own product takes place
despite the different types of stockbreeding
specialization. An assessment of the level of selfsufficiency
in food has shown that more favourable
socio-economic conditions create preconditions for an
increase of the anthropogenic flow. While PSF located
in remote areas are forced to conduct of business
activities with maximum using of natural resource
potential
In Nizhny-Volzhsky Agricultural Research Institute
at Dubovskoye strong point, by hybridizing local
varieties with southern varieties, and by using
cultivated hybrids from free pollination, a number of
plum varieties combining winter hardiness with high
fruit quality have been introduced. The varieties
Volgograd, Bogatyrskaya and Vengerka
Korneevskaya are sorted, as well as a number of
other local Volga varieties obtained by
hybridization: Volga Blue, Summer Ternosly,
Autumn Ternon with the most adaptive introduced
varieties. These Volga varieties are donors of winter
hardiness. The environmental conditions of the
Lower Volga region contribute to the development
of adaptive genotypes that combine winter hardiness
with high fetal quality. The use of new varieties of
plums obtained in the Lower Volga region, in
crosses with the best varieties of plum, allows the
creation of industrial varieties of this crop
The increasing consumption of forest resources causes
a greater anthropogenic impact on forest ecosystems
and leads to a negative impact on both biodiversity and
the environment as a whole. In this article, the
sustainability of forest phytocenosises of southeast of
Western Siberia is assessed using the example of
Tomsk region. The analysis of the status and dynamics
of the forests of Tomsk region has been assessed. The
main factors negatively affecting the biodiversity of
forests of Tomsk region were analyzed. The forests
cover extensive areas; therefore, the studies were
carried out based on the data from the State Forestry
Register of the Russian Federation for the period from
2008 to 2015. According to the results of the study, the
sustainability of forest phytocenosises has increased
significantly in recent years, which can be explained
by its strengthened ability to maintain the current state
under the influence of external factors. This work
considers such causes of damage and death of forest
plantations as pests, forest diseases, unfavorable soil
and climate impacts, forest fires, as these are the main
and most massive phenomena that cause the greatest
damage to forest. It is possible to see the dynamics of
damage and death of forest plantations on the figures
presented in the article
Тhe results of the evaluation of the condition of trees
and shrubs in various types of park and garden stands
located on the territory of several educational buildings
of Petrozavodsk state university are presented in the
article. The details of the planning of sites and the
spatial location of trees and shrubs are displayed. The
species composition and the distribution of plants
according to the categories of viability are identified.
The 3D computer models of the studied territories with
inventory results are created. The analysis of the
plantation allows us to offer projects on formation of
the landscape planning structure of the university
campus of PetrSU
Nowadays, domestic pig production is dynamically
changing in technological and selection terms and is
one of the most effective sectors. In the current
conditions of pig breeding in intensive technology, the
requirements to the level and direction of pig
production, the rational use of genetic resources are
increasing. The development of effective methods for
the production of pork on the basis of the wide use of
highly productive breeds and types of both imported
and domestic selection allows to obtain the maximum
possible productivity of animals, to produce pork of
good quality, to reduce the cost of production and to
fully realize the genetic potential of animals. Genetic
and selection techniques have significantly changed
the physiological, morphological and productive
capabilities of modern animals. In connection with
this, the actual for the pig industry is the identification
of opportunities to increase the duration of the use of
pigs, and the inclusion of new indicators in breeding
work when creating specialized maternal lines. The
research was carried out on the electronic database
(KP ACC, OOO "Selikom", Ryazan), the breeding
center "Lozovoye" ZAO "Plemzavod-Yubileyniy" of
the Tyumen region. The center is engaged in
thoroughbred breeding and improvement of four pigs:
large white, landrace, pietren, duroc
The article presents long-term studies of afforestation on
the Taman Peninsula. The directions of improving the
ecology of the peninsula are considered by increasing
the total biomass of the biogeocenosis of the given
region by creating forest plantations, increase of forest
cover and involvement of non-generating land in the
economic circulation. Practical agro-forest-meliorative
aspects of development of a specific category of nonproducing
lands are presented. The basic agrotechnical
methods are recommended at creation of forest
plantations. The analysis of the state of forest plantations
on the unique site of the Taman Peninsula is given - it is
a tract of Sad Yakhno