The article is about reasons of all-class and international nature of the Black Hundred organizations. The author comes to a conclusion about limited method of class approach to solve this problem. According to his research, the main cause of all-class participation in the activity of the Black Hundred organizations was the commonness of religious consciousness and traditional outlook
The authors have devoted some of its controversial aspects,
which have been going on for decades in the scientific
community, namely, the time-frame of the Civil War, its
causes and about the time of its beginning. In addition to
these issues, the article is considered the relationship
between the socialist parties and their participation in the
civil war, the role of foreign intervention in the case of
incitement to war and, finally, the reasons of the defeat of
the White movement. The authors did not set out to
elaborate on all four stages of the civil war, and focused on
the examination of its first phase, covering the period from
the end of May to November 1918. The main object of
consideration the question arose about the beginning of the
Civil War. The authors dwell on the various points of view
expressed in this historical science, argues with those of
them who, in their opinion, do not withstand scientific
scrutiny. They speculate about details of alternative
embodiments of the historical process, try to consider the
option that could have been avoided civil war, if there was a
coalition of socialist parties and come to the conclusion that
such a coalition was impossible and it looks ephemeral. The
authors dwell on the consideration of the role that is played
in the raging civil fratricidal war, foreign intervention. They
rightly point out that it is military intervention exacerbated
and intensified civil war, has extended its time frame, the
number of dead and wounded, even more glowing civil and
class hatred
In the context of the problem situation caused by the
territorial limitation of the modern paradigm of
Russian history, the author actualizes the model of a
holistic, in territorial aspect, a nationwide history of
Russia, covering an exceptionally all regions of the
country. In conditions of complex territorial structure
of Russian society, the unity of its history has unique
singularity due to variety of regional contexts of
historical development. Therefore, it is impossible to
understand the uniqueness of civilizational singularity
of Russia fully without learning regional features and
territorial components. Based in it, it is concluded, that
the concept of nationwide Russian history for high
school must have more complete, maybe even total
territorial coverage of historical events and processes
and must point on either great achievements or
negative, dramatic errors, ignoring of which contraries
to the task of creation a tolerant patriotism. In this
way, the author considers the concept of nationwide
history can be a catalyst of modern national idea,
which may be one of the factors the cohesion of
society of strengthening territorial unity and integrity
of Russia
The contribution of timber industry in the process of development of economy of USSR during the perios of the Great Patriotic War was analysed in this article. The most important factors and characteristics of the industry in the conditions of mobilization of economy were considered
In modern conditions of personification of history it
becomes especially important to study works of
famous figures of the Black Sea clergy. Roman
Porokhnya was one of such priests. His personality
never became an object of special research that was
connected with scarcity of sources. In this article an
attempt to observe his life and activity as the first army
archpriest of the Black Sea Cossacks on the Kuban
earth was made for the first time, the archival
documents which hadn’t been studied before were
introduced into scientific circulation. A lot of place in
article is allocated for reconstruction of the historical
past of the Black Sea Cossacks of the end of XVIII –
beginning of the XIX centuries. In this work, on the
basis of the analysis of the works of R. Porokhnya we
have shown a special place of a role of the priest in the
life of the Black Sea Cossacks. In the article his
educational activity, his works connected with the
beginning of church construction in uninhabited
Kuban lands were considered in detail. A lot of place
here was taken by the history of church relics of the
Black Sea Cossacks, the important role of Roman
Porochnya in their preservation is shown. Also the
problem connected with formation of local clergy
doesn't remain unaddressed. In the article the main
difficulties of it are shown, local specifics were
discussed. Against the background of the description
of the socio-economic and political development of the
Kuban we presented a historical portrait of R.
Porokhnya and we showed the role of a well-known
personality in the history of the Kuban
The authors in the article reveal the highlights of the
history associated with the prehistory of the Great
Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945, its tragical beginning in
the first few months and its further course, up to the
Great Victory in May of 1945. They dwell on the
analysis of the causes of the Second World War and the
Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against Hitler
Germany. The authors, in spite of liars and forgers,
show who is to blame for their unleashing and clearly
indicate that the Second World War was unleashed by
Hitler, through and in fact with the blessing of Western
powers and especially Britain and France, carried out
the policy of "appeasement" the aggressor, and ended
the Munich Agreement of 1938. The authors pay special
attention to the Treaty of Non-Aggression between
Germany and the USSR, signed on August 23, 1939,
known as the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact. They argue
that this was a necessary step on the part of the Soviet
Union and that this agreement, Stalin was trying to gain
time and delay the beginning of the war against Nazi
Germany. The authors show that Stalin and the Soviet
leadership were perfectly aware of the fact that on 1
September 1939, Hitler attacked Poland and then it
would be the USSR. Considering the progress, results
and lessons of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the
authors elaborate and criticize the information
widespread in Western historiography, as well as, first
and foremost, in terms of the Soviet-Russian, lies,
slander and all kinds of insinuations about the Great
Patriotic war
The article deals with the forms of agitation and mass
art, the creation of which was authorized by the
Bolsheviks in the 20ies of the XX century for effective
advocacy activities. It is noted, that agitation and mass
art is one of the most important and effective means of
policies and has played a huge role in the establishment
of Soviet power. Propaganda direction was manifested
in the both of drawing and painting and was aimed at the
formation of a new proletarian thinking in a socialist
society. It is stated, that the content of works of art is
determined, above all, by the military-political situation
that prevailed in the 20-ies. It is shown, that in the works
of art displayed figures of the new revolutionary themes,
events and characters, but also significant presence of
the image of the new man - working men and women,
sailors, soldiers, peasants was traced. Festive decoration
of cities and towns, from the capital to the smallest
provincial towns was filled with agitation and
propaganda content. The conclusion is that artistic and
political design of squares, streets, public buildings
should help to create a festive mood, increase
employment, ideological and socio-political activity of
the workers. In general, new forms of agitation and
propaganda were created through art, by turning the
novelty of content, depth of the emotional impact,
thematic literacy and specificity for the necessary
psychological mood of society during the study period
In the article, the activity of agricultural companies and associations in Kuban at the beginning of the XX century is considered. Problems and difficulties of formation of associations and companies are shown. Their contribution to development of agrarian sector of economy of area is defined
The article explores shift of emphasis in the Third Reich policy in the North Caucasus when agricultural resources of the region became the main object of economic exploitation and one of the most important source of Germany's food supply. Firstly the author shows the place the North Caucasus had in agriculture of the Soviet Union on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Despite a relatively small area and population, the region played an important role in the production of wheat, corn, sunflower, meat and other products. It is emphasized that the region was of special interest to Germany primarily for its oil fields which allowed solving the fuel problems. But with the failure of Hitler’s "oil plans" the agricultural products became the most important revenue source for the German economy in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The author shows that for stable agricultural exploitation the occupation regime not only refused the collective farms’ accelerated elimination but also adapted them to harvesting crops and saving huge livestock. Using the pro-Nazi newspapers and archival documents, the author reveals the occupier’s methodology of action and propaganda by local supporters of the regime for a timely crops harvest. In conclusion, the results of agrarian policy of Germany in the North Caucasus are shown. This article is intended for specialists in the field of history and economics as well as a wide range of readers
This article is devoted to the studying of one of the most important aspects of learning of life-support and wildlife management systems of hunting of ancient inhabitants of the Northern Black Sea Coast. Such researches are one of the main directions in sphere of studying prehistory of humankind in our country and abroad. The main aim of the research was to create the hunting pattern and to learn the chronological changes, by studying same time materials of Kamennaya Balka II, Tretij Mys, Anetolka II and Amvrosievka.
During this research, the complex analysis of faunistic remainders was conducted with the help of new methods, which were developed by Russian and foreign authors. This led to a number of new high-quality results. The article shows the meaning of data which can be learnt by studying faunistic remainders and importance of such type of sources. The continuation of such research can extend our conception of life of our ancient ancestors