In the focus of the article we have the philosophical
concept of the outstanding scientist and social activist
V.M. Behterev, which is considered as philosophical
realism. Philosophical realism is a trend of Russian
intellectual thought. It aims to study the nature and the
man is substantial part of which. In this way, the
realism is based on the anthropological tradition.
Realistic ideology, which is developed by scientists,
indicates the comprehension of the relationship of
material and ideal in nature. To designate such
connection the author proposes the concept of
"philosophical conversion". Behterev's theory is
positioned as a particular expression of philosophical
realism in nature science, and it is termed by
"evolutionary monism". It means a correlative
connection of a total processes in nature. By analyzing
the philosophical views of the scientist, the author
concludes that psychic energy appears as a correlate of
material and ideal and it is intermediated by humans.
Psychic energy like other forms of energy is never
destroyed and provides a social immortality of the
man. The accumulation of mental energy leads to the
creation of higher moral being named «progenerativ».
The realistic concept of Behterev is interesting both a
historical point of view and in the context of
contemporary interdisciplinary efforts to comprehend
the "second reality" of man, namely a virtual reality
Cultural dialogue with an Alien/Stranger on Frontier
territories takes different forms depending on the
specific period in which intercultural communication
occurs. It is possible to allocate three periods with
particular forms of intercultural communication: the
early frontier, active frontier and postfrontier. If
meeting with a Stranger/Alien in the active period of
the frontier is characterized by the active suppression
of a Stranger, sometimes to His complete destruction
or enslavement, in the period of postfrontier there
comes a revision of forms of this dialogue and the
image of an Alien/Stranger radically changed from
negative to positive. This article analyzes the
transformation of the Stranger’s image in the
postfrontier space of the USA. It shows how the
image of the Indian in the second half of the 20-th
century got increasingly positive features
Clip thinking phenomenon analysis is considered
through a comparison to a theory of one-dimensional
man by outstanding representative of Frankfurt school
of social research Herbert Marcuse. Approaches to
definition for clip thinking phenomenon and indication
its reasons are conducted. Although this phenomenon
was defined and presented more than 20 years ago by
philosopher F. Girenok, descent reasons and impact
apparatus of clip thinking were described earlier by
Gerbert Marcuse within ‘one-dimensional man’
theory. Philosopher contemplates modern industrial
society as never-ending consumer system, its aims of
own life support predetermined a formation of new
type man which represents mass society by ability of
living according to “correct” social attitudes. The
man’s life should be brought under control of constant
consumer process. Any exertions of individuality or
public point of view deviations should be eliminated.
These things are executed by means of mass media
indoctrination and appropriate ideas implementation.
However every man is still able to think critically and
his vision of world comprehension may be quite full
due to cultural environment accessory even in spite of
one-sided perception prism
The conceptualization of the phenomenon of a man in Economics is one of the key problems of a modern science. Interdisciplinary investigations devoted to the models of «homo economicus», have found their acceptance in the second half of the twentieth century. So, Jean Baudrillard considered the «homo economicus» as part of the postmodern trends. Baudrillard’s man is a consumer living in a society of abundance. The author considers the main features of modern man, presented in the works of Baudrillard. The article analyzes the characteristics of the consumer society that emerged in the twentieth century after the revolution of well-being, defined are the criteria and procedures of selection of the human wealth, and also their further consumption. Special attention is paid to the nature of consumption as a process and an end in itself, the transformation of the credit system, the credit perception of the Human. Individual ceases to be a key agent of the economy. Demand is subjected to an action from the supply side, it is becoming a function of production, under the influence of which the structure of demand is being changed. The author has also addressed to the problem of rationality as the basis of economic modeling and detects the Baudrillard’s negation of rationality as the characteristics of a person consuming. In conclusion, the article has presented the basic concepts of Jean Baudrillard about human behavior in the modern economic environment
The problem of transition from the abstract and general dialectics to the concrete and common theory of development, the problem of diachronic of dialectic and synergetic cognition’s culture in the context of comporation between the philosophic and natural science are discussed in the article. The hypothese of cosmologic singularity the birth of tte world from «nothing» and the role of «dark materia» in the developing’s process of our Universe are also described. The author points out on the features of synergy, which using the linearity аnd nonlinearity in the theory expresses the aspects of material unity of the world, linked to the general properties of self-development of complex systems. The universe is seen as a dissipative system with periodically removable elements (elementary dissipative systems). The spontaneous disbalance of symmetry and the appearance of new physical forms of existence are characteristic for the elementary parts. The order? The symmetry and the spontaneous disorder in the symmetry are the phenomena of self-organization of the material. The scientific results which we found with the quantum theory of field, can give us the theoretical descriotions of such forms of existence that’s why the structural unity in all levels of materia can be explained in the quantum and field image of the world
This article explores the critics of pedagogical
discourse within activity theory. This critical approach
is provided explicitly in contemporary Russian
philosophy by I.A. Karavaeva. Within activity theory,
the idea of objectivity serves as a main criterion of an
educational process, whereas a teacher and a student
are losing their subjectivity. While a teacher is
reproducing the learning material by means of the
method, both of which are determined not by himself,
a student should be reproducing the provided material
as close to the original as possible. The learning
process resembles the reflection in the mirror. The
article raises the question of how to return the
subjectivity back to pedagogical discourse. The article
states that we should take into account the classical
German philosophy by F.W.J. Shelling (concept of
“un-grounding” of knowledge) as well as the
contemporary continental philosophy by J. Deleuze
(identity of thinking and learning). These theories help
to understand how a teacher and a student can think
and learn together. The dialogue between a teacher and
a student produces a unique and contingent learning
situation, when thinking is provoked by the necessity
of interpreting signs and making them meaningful. In
terms of didactics, this results in abandoning the
illusion of primordial knowledge as well as in
transition towards the post-methodological approach in
education
In the article we present the analysis of criteria of the
validity of knowledge of the subjective world of living beings
The article is devoted to the well-known American logician and teacher A. Korzybski, the activity of which was aimed at enhancing the human psyche in the direction of non-identification and non-elementalizm. He called the proposed section of the science of General semantics, and later he created Institute of General semantics in the United States. Scientists believe that human consciousness is limited by the capability of the nervous system and by the use of language. Korzybski supposed his pedagogical purpose to teach people to improve the awareness of abstraction, the ability to see the structure, not only empirical fact. To distinguish between the structures of abstraction it introduces the concept of «map» - a diagram model, any ideological system, all that is formulated people. Korzybski denies the law of identity, which is a global challenge to the laws of thinking: «Whatever you say the thing is, it isn’t». He uses this idea not as a universal code, but as a teaching method for people able to find the way to think under conditions of uncertainty and probability. It is so called «modus operandi» for changing people’s way of thinking. In his work, Science and Sanity, he presents his technique; develop an understanding of his «non-aristotelian» system, which includes the incertainty, nonlocality, nonlinearity, the dependence of the environment. In this regard, it offers every statement be considered as a probability. So every statement must be considered as a probabilistic statement. A. Korzybsky and some modern scientists see the permanent uncertainty not like a problem but a tremendous opportunity for creation and research. In «non-aristotelian» Korzybsky’s theory we have to see the opportunity as the first reality and personal activity as the best language
The author points out on the features of synergy, which using the linearity and nonlinearity in the theory expresses the aspects of material unity of the world, linked to the general properties of self-development of complex systems. The universe is seen as a dissipative system with periodically removable elements (elemen-tary dissipative systems)
This article represents a review of achievements of post-war Norwegian philosophy. The author analyses the most current issues and tendencies for philosophers in Norway. Here is introduced several new sources that had not been engaged in Russian science before