The article examines the structural and semantic specificity of demonological vocabulary on the material of fantastic novels in Russian, English and Spanish linguocultures. We have analyzed different classifications of scientists devoted their work to the systematization of demonological lexis together with the complex approach of its study such as systemic-functional, functional-pragmatic, onomasiological, cognitive, psycolinguistic, ethnolinguistic methods. The given classifications are mostly based on motivation and reflect onomasiological approach of demonological lexis. The great attention is given to “objective” and “subjective” methods of nominating. It is shown the definition of “demonology” from scientific points of view – philosophic, folkloristic, literal. We have also given the definition of “demonologeme” and the term of “demonological lexis”. We give classification of monolexems, doublelexems, word complexes and derivatives nominating characters of demonic sphere, and we also set stylistic authoring features of a literary text
The peculiarities of the author strategies by
Mikhail Elizarov are analyzed in the article. His
works "balance" on the verge of postmodernist and
realistic practice. The author's prose has received
mixed reviews in the critique that’s why to reveal
its aesthetic component, problem and poetological
levels is an actual problem of the philological
science, which is aimed to recreate a complete
picture of the morden literary process. An
analytical review of the works which reveals
stylistic features of M. Elizarov's prose is given as
well as the analysis of the author's interview
concerning the artistic conception of works that
indicate the representative specific of his artistic
worldview. The latter is associated with the project
of the «new realism» which was declared in the
beginning of the XXI century. The need to display
the word «changes» and «faults» of the age to
simulate image of the hero «of its time» is an
artistic problem which is solved by adherents of the
«new» literature, with all sincerity, and often with
peremptoriness of the ideological evaluations.
«New realist» Zakhar Prilepin definitely sees
Mikhail Elizarov as ally and like-minded person in
its implementation. The objectivity of this
statement is not in the «generational», the agerelated
community but in a deep interest in the
man's fate, the history of his personality and desire
to «write» on the background of its changeable,
controversial and, at times, tragic reality
The article discusses the specific character of the representation of the notion “Security Architecture” presenting the concept “Construction” in Russian, German and English linguistic fields. The peculiarities of the cultural and historical development, fundamental divergences of the political systems,
levels of economic and social progress, different world -view and world interpretation of Russia, Germany, Great Britain and the USA resulted in causes of the polar appreciation of the notion “Security Architecture” from the point of view of national and international interests. The increasing tendencies of the global changes in the world politics and political line of these countries are reflected in lexical language figures and in social journalism realized in the political discourse. The undertaken trends of the lexical-semantic and comparative analysis of present lexical units and certain texts of Russian, German and Anglo-American printed mass media and research papers have revealed the different comprehension of the notion “Security Architecture” in the national linguistic cultures. It made possible to draw a conclusion on polar connotation of the notion in Russian, German and English conditioned by the specified tendencies in political, ideological and economic fields. To the opinion of the author the notion “Security Architecture” presented by the concept “Construction” because of its actualization may claim to be universal and therefore be related to the constants of culture. In this regard, the analysis of the notion “Security Architecture” as a part of the present concept is of a substantial interest. Due to results of the present research, the author resumes the peculiarities of explication of cognitive signs and the reasons influencing the transformation of the notion in Russian, German and English linguistic cultures
The article provides the review of the main concepts of
discourse analysis, proceeding from a theoretical and
practical criterion. The approaches to the analysis of
discourse are realized in the models, which enable to
carry out a productive research of different types of a
discourse, and are generalized in a diachronical aspect.
Among them, one can find the concepts which go back
to "dialogical aesthetics" of M.M. Bakhtin and the
views of the French school of discourse analysis. The
conclusion about the efficiency of integrative approach
is drawn
The article deals with the investigation of different
naming constructions of characters in the novel, which
indicates emotiveness in communicative acts. In due
course of the analysis the concept of “social fields”
has been introduced in order to reveal the means of
emotional expression. The naming of the individual
with different anthroponym forms (a name, a surname,
nickname, etc.), introducing the concept of social field
(SF), made it necessary to use such concepts as
“norm/not norm” in the analysis of function proper
names. Because of breaching the norms of naming
proper names take emotional coloration. Such
emotionality may be positive or negative. It depends
on many factors: a situation of communication, social
field the communicators belong to, their view of life,
etc. The emphasis of the norm and not norm of
naming in every social field helps us to identify the
character of emotions and disclose the relationships of
characters to the anthroponym by means of naming.
Any not norm of naming is the change of character’s
relationships to the anthroponym
The strategies of positive and negative presentation of
information in political newspaper communication are
considered in the article. The significatives that
perform political and ideological information are
identified and described. The strategies of positive and
negative presentation of information with the
description of the language means that constitute them
are shown through definite examples from newspaper
publications of Russia
The article is devoted to an originality of steady
structures in the communicative sphere of sport. The
definition of a sports discourse is given, the specific
character of users in different conditions of
communication is analyzed, e.g. specially prepared
professionals; the wide audience not always owning
sports terminology; sports fans. The use of a definition
‘the steady verbal complexes’ (SVC) is proved.
Phraseological units and non - phraseological units are
distinguished from variety of steady units. Actually
phraseological units (idioms), most often in the
transformed form, function in the speech of fans – the
so-called slang of sports fans, realizing methods of
language game. In the professional communication,
demanding special preparation, terminological units
are used among which there are the matrix structures
revealed and described in this article for the first time.
We understand the stereotypic speech structure
assuming possibility of replacement of components
as a matrix. Most often, it is a binomial structure with
the subordinative relations between components one of
which is invariable, basic, and the second varies. The
steady verbal complexes of nominative character
having an appearance of collocations are peculiar to
the sports publications focused on wide reader's
audience. Along with the most commonly used, not
one-word nominations from different types of sport,
mass media apply all-sports USK, and also units,
typical for journalism, quickly representing sports
events. In the article the possibilities of a variation of
steady structures in different types of a sports
discourse are observed
The concession is understood by the authors as one of
the main ways of creating, denoting or highlighting the
meaning of inferiority in the media text. The main
function of the concessionary relations is the
realization of the contradiction of the ineffective basis
(the concession event) and the actual effect that is
contrary to it, contrary to what is expected. The article
gives a typology of concessive constructions as
constituents of the concession field. There is the
incompatibility of two situations in such constructions,
their mutually exclusive nature is established and it is
confirmed that there is the simultaneity of the
coexistence of these situations. The paper analyzes the
representativeness of the real-concessional,
concomitantly-presumptive and intensively conceding
situations. The authors classify concessions in the
structural-semantic aspect, revealing additional values
(restrictive, comparative, connecting, conditional,
etc.). The material of the study is constructions, seized
by the method of continuous sampling in the amount
of 500 units from the certain Internet publications and
newspapers. It was applied the method of continuous
sampling and the synchronous-descriptive method,
including the methods of classification,
systematization and analysis to the analysis of linguistic material. The authors of the article come to
the conclusion that in the field of conciseness of
modern media text, the leading modification of the
significance of a concession is the actual concession
value. The semantics of the concession is represented
in the language of journalism by a multidimensional
system of means for formalizing the relations of
inverse conditioning
The article deals with the problem of onimization of
proper names and common nouns in individual-speech
nominations such as the "Thomas" vacuum cleaner. To
study the question of homonymy of proper names and
common nouns and their recognition in speech we set
the problem of preserving the identity of the proper
name to itself in speech formations designed to
transfer this proper name to the sphere of other subject
correlations, the possibility of contextual and other
identifiers to switch the original proper names and
common names into a new sphere of naming for a
period sufficient for the appearance of a new usage.
The speech affiliation of these proper name component
nominations is stressed. It is concluded that the
inclusion of proper names in the speech
denominations, despite their mass character, are of an
occasional nature and very rarely serve as a basis for
the formation of homonyms - new common words.
Proper name as a part of an individual speech name is
not a proper name in the true sense, but only an
identifier, a formant of the value of singularity,
existing only as far as its name is preserved. With the
disappearance or transformation of this name, the
proper name identifier returns to its original state
Combinability of psychotherapist’s speech tactics used
in the context of a therapy session is considered.
Psychotherapeutic discourse is distinguished from
similar notions of medical discourse and therapeutic
discourse. The specificity and sequential organization
of speech tactics are determined by the character of the
interaction in the dyad “therapist – client”, which is
categorized as oral unprepared semi-official nonpublic
speech. The rationale for using tactics with
therapeutic effect is to induce the reappraisal of the
problem situation in the sphere of the addressee.
Speech tactics form a syntagmatic sequence, based on
the evaluative modus of the state of affairs: moving
from a negative appraisal to a normative appraisal
(normalization tactic); from a normative appraisal to a
positive appraisal (positivization tactics).
Psychotherapist’s speech tactics are an immediate
response to the client’s preceding speech move. The
repertoire of psychotherapist’s speech tactics includes
justification, compliment, praise, joke, exaggeration,
compensation, advice, warning, sympathy, definition,
dissociation