Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article covers the results of the greenery inventory and landscape-planning structure analysis of Petrovskii park of Petrozavodsk. The features of modern park planning and positional application of trees and shrubs in various types of park and garden stands are described. In the park there were found 47 species of arboreal plants, their distribution by quantity and by different categories of viability was presented. The result of the trees and shrubs condition assessment in this park stated that 63,6% of plants are in good condition, 33,2% of arboreal plants are weakened and seriously weakened, and 3,2% are in unsatisfactory condition and appear to be shrinkable and dead standing. The analysis of the park structure and stand condition allows to offer plant renovation activities

As a result of the researching of anthropogenic influence on the agricultural landscape of Public Corporation "Agrofirma "Niva" from human economic activities with are related to: the pesticides and mineral fertilizers using; the work of agricultural machinery, and the movement of vehicles on the highway. The experimental material on the formation of dust masses and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. On the researching territory was found out three times excess of zinc MPC* (23 mg/kg, including background) and four times more of lead MPC (6,0 mg/kg, including background) *maximum permissible concentration

In Reineke Island (Primorskii Krai, Vladivostok, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) alien species for Russia’s Far East Centaurea jacea L. (Asteraсеае) were first discovered in the 1980th in a small amount. Now, 40 years later distribution of C. jacea is limited to small sites of secondary grass meadows and disturbed habitats of roadsides unpaved roads for approximately 0.03% of the island; the level of its invasive activity is low; C. jacea threats currently is not for the biodiversity of plant community and forage value of meadows

The close dependence of peach yield on the weather factors in the humid subtropical zone has been established. The observed climate changes in recent years (2000–2018) significantly affected the production potential of peach cultivars. An increase in temperature and precipitation in February-March negatively affected morphogenesis of the flower buds, which reduces the yield of most cultivars. The significant variability of precipitation (the main constraint of peach production) in the winter and early spring, the low weather predictability, characterize the onset of flowering by the “critical” phase. Weather conditions were changed during ripening. In July and August, the amount of precipitation decreased, the temperature increased, which led to moisture deficit and fruits quality deterioration. Local climate change in humid subtropics actualizes the development of adaptive cultivars with a high ecological and adaptive plasticity. Selected clones of the Red Heaven, Krasnaya Zarya and Larisa are the most adapted to the local conditions and can be successfully used in the low mountain area of the subtropics

Agronomy systems with good reason can be considered as complex multiparameter natural and technical systems. In these systems, there are numerous and diverse physical, chemical and biological processes. On the one hand, these processes have a significant impact on the performance of these systems. On the other hand, they are extremely difficult to be described in the form of meaningful analytical models based on equations. As a result, the development of meaningful analytical models is associated with a large number of simplifying assumptions that reduce the validity of these models. Usually we consider linear univariate models for agronomic systems, whereas practices are necessary for nonlinear multiparameter models. Thus, we face the problem proposed to be solved by the application of a phenomenological meaningful systemic cognitive models. These models are created using automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) using the intellectual system called "Eidos" directly based on empirical data and used for the decision of tasks of forecasting, decision support and research of the modeled subject area. In this case, empirical data can be large, incomplete (fragmented), noisy, presented in different types of measuring scales (nominal, ordinal and numerical) and in different units of measurement. The comparability of the processing of heterogeneous data is ensured by the fact that they are all converted into units of measurement of the amount of information. A numerical example has been given

At present, databases of 27-year observations of various adverse weather conditions and dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena leading to social and economic losses on the territory of Russia are in full open free access. Some of these natural hazards also cause significant damage to agriculture, especially crop production, horticulture and viticulture. Therefore, a great scientific and practical interest is the intellectual analysis of these data, which will create more favorable conditions for the prediction of such adverse events and decision-making, taking into account their possible negative impact on human activity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks, which are obtained by decomposition of the goal and are the stages of its achievement: Task 1: cognitive structuring of the subject area. Task 2: preparation of initial data and formalization of the subject area. Task 3: synthesis and verification of statistical and system-cognitive models and selection of the most reliable model. Task 4: solving problems in the most reliable model: - subtask 4.1. Forecasting (diagnostics, classification, recognition, identification); - subtask 4.2. Support decision-making; - sub-task 4.3. Study of the simulated subject area by studying its model (cognitive diagrams of classes and values of factors, agglomerative cognitive clustering of classes and values of factors, nonlocal neurons and neural networks, 3d-integral cognitive maps, cognitive functions). It is proposed to use automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) to solve the tasks. The article provides a detailed numerical example illustrating the solution of all these problems

Sommelier evaluates the quality of wine on the basis of their subjective feelings. At the same time, what the sommelier says when evaluating wine, it is difficult or impossible to rationally understand for the uninitiated to this art. The process of assessing the quality of wine by sommelier can not be formalized and is carried out entirely at the sensual level. Sometimes, different sommeliers differently evaluate the same wine poured from the same barrel into bottles of different prestige, with stickers differing in the number of stars. This raises at least two legitimate and natural questions. The first question is whether any subjective sommelier evaluations of the quality of wine are connected with its objective physical and chemical properties? The second question arises in the case of a positive answer to the first one: is it possible to analyze the objective methods of physical and chemical properties of wine to predict its subjective assessment by various sommeliers or some "generalized sommelier", generalizing many such subjective assessments? This article is devoted to obtaining reasoned answers to these questions. The purpose of this work, which is of great scientific and practical interest, is to create a model that provides an automated assessment of the quality of wine based on the analysis of its objective physical and chemical properties, coinciding with its sommelier-evaluation. To achieve this goal, we use Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tools – the intelligent system called "Eidos". A detailed numerical example based on 1599 real-world examples of sommelier evaluation of wine quality with known physical and chemical properties is considered. In addition to the answer to the two questions in the article, there is a study of the created system-cognitive model

The aim of this work is to study the strength and the direction of the influence of morphological and biochemical properties of tomatoes on the quantitative, qualitative, financial and economic results of their cultivation and the degree of determinism of these results. Achieving this goal is of great scientific and practical interest for scientists, breeders and vegetable growers-practitioners. This allows breeders to obtain new high-performance varieties of tomato hybrids, and farms to choose hybrids, the cultivation of which is most effective from a financial and economic point of view. To achieve this goal, we use automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tool which is the intelligent system called "Eidos". A numerical example based on real data on tomato hybrids has been considered in detail

The article considers the data on the applicability of bioinsecticides based on the granulovirus as an active ingredient against the apple moth. The methods for producing strains of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus to develop bioinsecticides are explained. The methods for the reproduction of laboratory populations of insects, the method of their infection and isolation of viral onset are described. The stages of obtaining bioinsecticides in vitro, as well as methods for their storage are provided

The struggle against soil erosion and the restoration of disturbed lands is a pressing issue for the regions of the North Caucasus and southern Russia. This problem is also acute in Kabardino-Balkaria, where more than 30% of agricultural and coastal lands suffer from water, anthropogenic and man-made erosion. Existing methods need to be improved and adapted to natural and local conditions. The aim of the work was to develop more efficient methods for the accelerated recovery of eroded and disturbed areas of land with the use of biopositive products and fastenings from local materials. Several technological solutions have been developed for the protection and restoration of land plots of agricultural and recreational zones located on slopes and coastal zones that have been eroded and disturbed by economic activity. All of these technical solutions are investigated and brought to the level of inventions and utility models. According to the results of the research conducted for the mountain and foothill areas of eroded lands, new methods are proposed based on the use of environmental protection technologies and restoration of damaged land. The introduction of these methods increase the effectiveness of anti-erosion measures and reduce the material costs of their implementation