The growth-regulating activity of naphthalenesulfonylamide and pyrazolopyridines derivatives was studied under laboratory and field tests on tomato plants. We have found substances with high growth-regulating effect. The vegetative mass of plants, the number of ovaries in the hand, the size of the fruit, the yield and the sugar content of the fruits increased under the influence of the growth regulators
The article considers the introduction of organoleptic analysis of seeds into the line of first seed growing as a new method of increasing the consumer qualities of confectionary sunflower varieties. The carried-out researches allow making conclusions that it is necessary to use the nurseries of seed assessment not only for preservation and improvement of economically valuable signs of confectionary varieties but as well as for perfection of consumer qualities of manufactured raw materials in the process of selection-seed growing work with confectionary sunflower. The offered technology of organoleptic analysis was approbated in the department of science in Ltd Company SSE “Genofond” and is successfully used in the selection-seed growing program
Persimmon is the most cold-resistant subtropical culture. It is relevant in scientific research and a prospect for the application of modern methods in plant breeding. The aim of this work is to review the latest advances in molecular genetic methods in persimmon breeding (Diospyros L.). The article shows the importance of studying the molecular genetic basis of persimmon breeding as a necessary condition for the development of new approaches in the production of new varieties. Statistics on the cultivation of this crop on an industrial scale is presented. The importance of culture is shown and given information on the territory of cultivation. Data on the study of genetic diversity, assessment of genetic stability, understanding the origin of persimmon varieties, degree of relationship using a number of molecular markers are presented. There are also DNA sequencing results, which are shown closely related relationships of Diospyros kaki with wild species D. oleifera, D. deyangensis, D. virginiana, D. glaucifolia, D. lotus and D. jinzaoshi. The reduce the astringency of the fruit, the significant role of regulation of structural genes (DkADH, DkPDC, DkPK, ALDH) in the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins, in increasing the tolerance of plants to abiotic and biotic stress factors, level of expression of the studied genes are presented in this review
The article considers the existing system of agriculture in the Krasnodar region. We also give the soil-climatic characteristic of natural-agricultural zones. There was studied the structure of agricultural landscapes of the region. It is concluded that in the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region approach to agriculture is focused only on zonal methods of land management, planning and organization of large agricultural enterprises. Whereas, the Land reform carried out in the Russian Federation since the 90-ies of the last century has made significant adjustments, both on domestic political and socio-economic relations in the life of society, and on land management provision of agriculture. Redistribution of agricultural land, the formation of new scientific approaches to farming systems, based on the principles of sustainability and self-regulation of agricultural landscapes, device of crop rotations, adapted to local climatic conditions are aimed at the reproduction of soil fertility and a positive balance of humus. In this regard, there were developed the proposals and calculated technical and economic indicators for the transition to a new, effective, scientifically based, adapted to local agricultural landscape conditions, high-tech balanced farming systems. According to developed proposals and recommendations, there was given the example of application in crop ten-field crop rotation for the central zone of the Krasnodar region, which is balanced in humus
This article presents the results of studies on the impact of the fertilizer application rate and the use of the growth stimulant called Bereke GN on photosynthetic activities of early potatoes in southern Kyrgyzstan. Due to the lack of scientific evidence on the integrated use of fertilizers and growth stimulants in conditions of southern Kyrgyzstan, we considered it necessary to clarify the methods and standards for the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant in the production of early potatoes in lowland areas on typical gray soil. In southern Kyrgyzstan, similar research in early potato technology is being carried out for the first time. According to studies, the crops of early potatoes possessed high leaf surface, which were subjected to complex treatment of the Bereke GN growth stimulator, accordingly its value was in the flowering phase of 41.2- 48.2 thousand m2. When the nutrition increases, a more powerful assimilation surface is formed. The highest level was 48.2 thousand m2 per 1 ha under the complex treatment with growth stimulator. The formation of tuber mass on 1 bush with the complex use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant showed a high intensity. With an increased nutrition, the Berke GN Growth Stimulator Integrated Test Variant increased the tuber formation rate, respectively the value was 182 g/bush. According to studies over the years of the experiments, the amount of dry biomass crops increased naturally, depending on the application of fertilizers and the use of the growth Bereke GN stimulant
This article reviews the results of studies on the impact of the nutrition background and the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulator on the yield and quality of early ripe potato variety Marabell in southern Kyrgyzstan. Early potato yields were largely dependent on the use of the Bereke GN growth stimulant. The highest yield was identified with the integrated use of a growth stimulator provided the planned yield, and averaged 29.97 t/ha. Also, in the experiments conducted, the yield of early potatoes was largely dependent on the climatic conditions of the year under study. The structure of the crop of early potatoes has been analyzed. In case of complex application of growth stimulator, also in case of treatment of seed tubers with growth stimulant, thickness of early potato plants is increased and on average in three years there was an increase by 0.32 and 0.52 thousand bushes per 1 ha.
The structure and marketability of the early potato harvest were analyzed in detail, depending on the background of nutrition and the method of application of the Bereke GN growth stimulator
The article discusses the possibilities and presents the results of research on the cultivation of spring barley with different production technologies in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in a stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, flat-cut, layered, without tillage – no-till). It is established that the most expensive is the waste treatment of the soil (PN-5-35), and the least expensive is the technology excluding the impact on the soil. At the same time, the operating costs of labor and fuel consumption at no-till are lower, respectively, by 82-107, 23-48, 131-188% in comparison with traditional types of technology. Hectare fuel consumption with zero technology is 131-188% less than with traditional technologies and amounted to 22.8 kg / ha. The cost of production of spring barley using no-till is 8-41% lower compared to flat-cut, layer-by-layer, and dump technology and amounts to 285 rubles per cent. Calculated per 1 hectare, labor costs, fuel consumption, wages, fuel costs, deductions for renovation and repairs, as well as total operating costs for traditional basic tillage technologies increase, respectively, 1,23-1,48; 2,31-2,88; 1,30-1,56; 3,1-3,81; 1,65-1,85; 1,81-1,96; 1,83-2,09 times compared with no-till. The use of spring barley cultivation technology that excludes impact on the soil provides a fairly high efficiency even at lower yields
The article studies the influence of the different time sowing periods of Volzhsky First winter barley variety on the grain yield and the elements of its structure in the conditions of LLC “Vpered” of the Spassky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The research was being conducted from 2015 to 2018. The barley was sown in four periods: from August 20 to September 19 (with an interval of 10 days) with the clean fallow as its predecessor. We used the seeding rate of 2.5 million seedlings per hectare. The maximum grain yield of the winter barley was 3.94 t / ha. This corresponds to the sown date of August 20, the density of productive stalk of 226 pieces / m2 and an ear productivity of 1.800 g. Winter barley has a high tillering ability. The maximum value of the coefficient of productive bushiness – 4,80 and 3.25 was noted when sowing the barley on August 20
In this work we have given the analysis of the literary data confirming positive experience of impact of the hydrocarbon substance of growth (HSG) on viability of seeds, resilience, growth of plants, and productivity of various crops. It is shown that the basic experimental data belong to the 60th of the XX century. At the same time, works on application of HSG have been generalized for the first time in the collection of works of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijani SSR by Institute of soil science and agrochemistry. HSG represents the by-product of petro processing received at sulphuric acid cleaning of diesel fuel with further processing with alkaline solution of NaOH. It includes mainly mixture of sodium salts of naphthenic acids. On the basis of literary data and own probes it is established that for each culture there is optimum very small concentration of HSG (0.005-0.01%), processing by solution of which makes positive impact on viability, growth and development of crops. The results of probes of blood formation of animals [8] and growth of mass of birds allow considering HSG ecologically safe. We have also presented the results of pilot study of impact of pre-seeding processing of seeds of wheat and peas by water solutions of the hydrocarbon growth substance (HSG) on their morpho-physiological parameters. The most effective concentration of HSG for processing of seeds of spring wheat of grade "Saratov" and grade peas "Alpha" is revealed. It is shown that the stimulator in concentration of 0.005-0.01% proves as stimulator of crop growth. It follows that degree of efficiency of action of HSG on improvement of development and increase in productivity of agricultural products from use of this drug is quite high. Considering that the stimulator can be received at insignificant expenses as a waste product of the purified diesel fuels, its application in agriculture is economically justified
As a prospect in baking, a number of researchers propose to expand the range of products in the formulation of which include natural food dressers. The article presents the results of research on the development of the optimal formulation of bread from mixtures of wheat flour, wholemeal flour from grains of naked barley varieties Nudum 95 and wholemeal flour from grain triticale varieties Tsekad 90. To select the optimal mixture of wheat, barley and triticale flour, the following variants of the ratios were studied– 70:10:20; 60:20:20; 50:30:20; 50:20:30. As control we took flour of the highest grade from grain of strong wheat Novosibirsk 29. Flour mixtures studied by the gluten content is significantly inferior to the control version of the flour. In the version where 70% of wheat flour was used, gluten decreased by 5.1%, in the version with the amount of wheat flour 60%, gluten decreased by 8.0%. In subsequent variants, the difference in gluten content with the control variant was more than 10%. The lowest rate of flour strength (145 e.a.) in the version where barley flour reached 30% of the mixture. In other embodiments, the flour strength level 209-250 e.a., that is slightly different from the standards on valuable wheat (not less than 260 e.a.). In terms of baking quality has distinguished the case where the proportion of wheat flour was 70%, barley – 10% and triticale – 20% (the volume of bread 500 ml, total score of bread 4 points). In subsequent versions, the performance of baking qualities decreased. As a result of evaluation of mixtures of wheat, barley and triticale flour revealed the most optimal ratio – 70:10:20. This option is recommended for introduction into production for enrichment of wheat flour with nutritious components of barley and triticale grain