Due to the fact that in floodplain lands there is instability in the yield of agricultural crops because of flooding and waterlogging, protection of the territories is necessary. The area of the foothills of the Kuban River, where the reclaimed field is located, was chosen as the object of study. Since this territory is subjected to periodic flooding, and in order to preserve the fertility of this soil, a set of measures has been taken. Hydrometeorological and hydrogeological studies are used as the main method. The parameters of the dam and drainage system were determined, the locations of the regulatory structure and the location of the observation wells were substantiated. To assess the measures taken, soybean was grown on the field during the period of greatest rainfall. After sowing, soil samples were collected at three points and conducted research aimed at the influence of the drainage system. It has been established that the complex of measures influences the meliorative state of the field for the better. In the area near the main collector, the soil is most depressed after the processes of flooding and waterlogging, the seedlings of the soybean plants are sparse, and by the middle of the field the plants developed evenly and had almost identical morphometric indicators. Were obtained biometric indicators in different parts of the soil, which are confirmed by experiment
Genetic studies of apricot are the actual direction in the genetics of fruit crops. In this regard, the improvement of the collection of SSR markers for the genotyping of this culture is an objectively significant task. In a study for the 16 SSR-markers previously developed on almonds (PdUnchar2, PdSLD1, PdGMGT1, PdTrTFGT1, PdUnchar2, PdSLD1, PdGMGT1, PdTrTFGT1) and Siberian apricot (A3-72, A1-63, H2-22, A3- 7-1, H2-5, A1-7, A3-9, H2-45), approbation and evaluation of the prospects of using for genotyping Prunus armeniaca L. were performed. Approbation, performed on 3 varieties of different origin, revealed markers and their combinations optimal for their use. During the study, all tested DNA markers were grouped into multiplex sets, including 4 markers. This allows carrying out genotyping simultaneously on 4 loci in the formulation of one reaction. One marker (PdUnchar2) from the studied sample included in the multiplex set did not show amplification. Five markers gave a monomorphic product. The remaining 11 SSR markers allowed us to obtain polymorphic, cultivar-specific SSR fingerprints for all the studied cultivar. These multiplex sets are proposed for use in studying the genetic polymorphism of the species Prunus armeniaca L.
To develop new promising soybean growth regulators, we have synthesized series of derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Synthesized compounds have been studied as potential soybean growth regulators. Substances with a high growth stimulating effect have been found. The growth regulators affected the branching coefficient, the number of seeds in the beans and their weight. The yield increased by 6.7-23.4%, the quality of grain increased
Intensive viticulture as a sub-branch of the grape-wine industry of agriculture is developing due to the introduction of modern scientific developments. The intensification of production consists of laying vineyards with planting material of higher biological categories, highly productive clones of traditional and long-established selection varieties; advanced agrotechnological techniques and mechanized operations, etc. For import substitution of table grapevine in our country, it is especially important to introduce new big-berry varieties from early to late maturity, providing a continuous 100-day conveyor for harvesting, with a bunch of grapes, various colors and the shape of berries. In many countries of the world with developed viticulture, breeding programs are being conducted to create competitive table varieties. As a result, there were obtained Muscat of Italy (Italy), Cardinal, Red Globe (USA), Moldova (Moldova), widely spread all over the world. But the world market does not stand still and breeders are working on new varieties. In recent years, there has been a trend of enlargement of berries from 8 to 24 grams, preference is given to varieties with pink and red berries. So, for example, created in Ukraine - a very early variety of Livia; in Russia - the variety clones of Livia K and Rochefort K, the early varieties of the Memory of the Teacher, the Gift of the Nesvetay, the Preobraghenie and the Jubilee of Novocherkassk, and others. These varieties are bred according to the developed model, which shows the genetic regularities of the formation of maximum expression in transgressive recombinants in quantitative (mass of berries and bunches) and qualitative (shape and color of berries) traits associated with maturation
The article presents the results of bio-energetic and
economic evaluation of alternative technologies for
cultivation of winter wheat, developed in long-term
stationary experiments at Kuban State Agrarian
University. We study the effect of four factors on the
productivity of winter wheat, quality of soil, fertilizers
system, systems of soil tillage and systems of
protection. We have processed the data for 7
technologies in two rotations of 11 fields grain-grass
crop rotation in the Central part of the Krasnodar
region on leached black soil of plains of the
agricultural landscape. We have established, in the
first crop rotation, on the example of varieties of
Batyka and Krasnodarskaya 99, that there were
changes in costs of production, net profit and the cost
of 1 centner of grain, depending on the technology,
and the comparative evaluation of bioenergy impact of
alternative technologies of winter wheat cultivation to
consumption energy costs total energy. We have
calculated ratio net of efficiency depending on the
technology of cultivation of winter wheat. On the basis
of economic and bioenergetic calculations for farms
with different level of economy we have proposed an
alternative technology: for economically strong,
economically average, economically weak farms and
for farms located in protected areas where is
prohibited the use of chemicals. Thus, producers have a choice of alternative technologies of winter wheat,
which will contribute to maximizing profits and
obtaining competitive products
This article presents the results of studies on the influence of the fertilizer application rate and methods of using Bereke GN growth stimulant on the biochemical and economic indicators of early potato harvest in southern Kyrgyzstan. Due to the lack of scientific data of complex use of fertilizers and growth-stimulators in the conditions of the Southern Kyrgyzstan, we considered it necessary to specify ways and rates of application of a growth stimulator Bereke GN by production of early potatoes in plain zones on typical gray soils. In the conditions of the South of Kyrgyzstan similar researches in the production technology of early potatoes are conducted for the first time. Field experiments are made on a plot of the Osh technology university in the Kyrgyz Republic Osh region Aravan district Mangyt village in 2016-2018. Complex use of a growth stimulator Bereke GN on crops of early potatoes in a growing season promoted increase in accumulation of starch in potatoes tubers. The analysis of these experiences shows that in options on routes of administration of a growth regulator Bereke GN accumulation of vitamin "C" in tubers in all three years of carrying out researches not considerably raised and averaged 15.98-16.66 mg of %. Concentration of nitrates in tubers of early potatoes, in the conducted researches did not exceed the number of maximum allowable concentration. Economic effect showed, experience option complex uses of a growth-promoting factor of Bereke GN. Therefore, at the same time high net income – 199.18 thousand som/hectare is gained, and profitability equaled 124.13%
The experiment has examined the effect of various agricultural technologies on the yield of winter wheat, depending on the factors studied. The studies were conducted at the experimental station of the Kuban State Agrarian University under the conditions of multifactor multi-year monitoring. The experiment was carried out in a typical for the zone 11-field grain-grass-tilled crop rotation. In this paper, we considered some of the elements of the winter wheat cultivation technology, the Brigade variety using different doses of fertilizers (N50P50K120 and N100P100K240) on four tillage options (plowing, chisel loosening, disc peeling and zero tillage). On the basis of the conducted research, it has been established that in order to obtain a stable harvest of winter wheat grain, higher doses of mineral fertilizers should be applied, which also ensures high indicators of grain quality. The considered agrotechnical methods led to a positive change in crop structure and grain quality
One of the most important state tasks in the world is the production of grain in the most profitable way. The use of biological products in the cultivation of grain is very important in our time. Identification of the effectiveness of the use of biological products will allow enterprises growing winter wheat to determine the need for their use. The study was conducted in 2015-2018 in the field areas of the peasant farm called "Yurchenko", located in the Alexanderovsky district of the Stavropol region, in the area of unstable moisture on dark chestnut soils. Winter wheat is cultivated using biological products on the farm, using biopreparation Vimpel with drugs of fungicidal action of Alirin B and Alirin C - 522 plants per 1m2. The use of biological products of fungicidal action allowed to reduce the activity of fungal diseases, and Vimpel biopreparation increased plant nutrition. After that, this processing scheme allowed to obtain a higher mass of grains in the ear -1.01 g, which contributed to a higher yield. The processing plan of Vimpel and biological product a biological product of fungicidal activity Gliocladium is slightly lower than Vimpel + Alirin B + Alirin With, the number of productive stems before harvesting – 518 plants per m2 and weight of grains - 1.0 g. The study used field and laboratory methods. Cultivation of winter wheat using biological products is unprofitable in comparison with the control. Despite the increase in the yield and quality of grain, the cost of production is much higher than in the control sowing, which is due to the high cost of drugs and additional costs for their use
In the article we present the results of perennial researches on the influence of norms of fertilizers on growth and productivity of sunflower on Chernozem (Black soil) with different levels of fertility in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The improvement of nutritional status of plants promoted increase in leaf area of sunflower in the flowering stage from 20.1 to 30.8 thousand m2/ ha and more accumulation of dry substances and major nutrients in plant tissues throughout the growing season. The greatest influence on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of 56 – 64 and 50 – 58%, in stalks of 40 – 62 and 39 – 42%, in baskets 43 – 59, and 38 -68%, respectively, provided the rate of fertilizer. The yield of sunflower seeds in average for three hybrids (Kubanskiy 341, Triumph, Legion) evolved in experiment parcels from 25.5 to 33, 4 ac./ha. The highest productivity of this crop is obtained when a high rate of fertilizer (N80Р120) is applied on soil with a high level of fertility. The increase of seed yield compared to control was 7.9 ac./ha or 30.9 %. While increasing the level of soil fertility and fertilizer amount, oil content of the seeds decreased from 46.9 to 44.5%, but the yield of oil increased from 1.20 to 1, 47 T/ha due to the growth of productivity
To increase productivity and quality, as well as to reduce the cost of production of winter wheat in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region is of great importance to find the most effective methods of agricultural culture, in particular, the protection of crops from weeds. The work determines most effective herbicides for pre-germination use against annual dicotyledonous, including resistant to 2,4-D and MCPA, and some perennial root-spray weeds in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region. The efficiency of different terms of application of the herbicide called Ballerina on winter wheat crops in the Central irrigated zone of the Rostov region was studied. The greatest biological effectiveness of herbicides is provided by spraying winter wheat crops in the tillering phase with Ballerina herbicide with the norm of 0.3 l/ ha. We have discovered low biological effectiveness of Gerbitox herbicide against Matricaria inodora (L.), Fumaria officinalis (L.), Artemisia vulgaris (L.) and Cirsium arvense (L.). Best experience quality indicators of winter wheat grain were observed in the variant with the lowest contamination of crops when spraying in the phase of tillering a Ballerina herbicide 0.3 l/ha. The content of trash was 7.1%, nature 790 g/l, gluten content of 26.4 %, group 2 quality, and the commodity class – 3. Good quality indicators were also observed in the variant with Ballerina herbicide treatment of 0.5 l/ha in the tube exit phase. The highest level of profitability was obtained when spraying winter wheat crops in the tillering phase with Ballerina herbicide 0.3 l / ha-116%, and the lowest on the control was without treatment with herbicides - 74%