One of the promising ways of deep processing of beetroot is the production of sterilized mashed semi-finished product. The quality of the finished product is determined by a complex of factors, among which an important role is played by the varietal characteristics of the raw materials. Research on the technological evaluation of table beet varieties and hybrids for suitability to this method of processing was carried out in 2018 on the basis of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry of the All-Russian Research Institute of of Vegetable Growing, a branch of the Federal State Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Storage and Processing Technologies Timiryazev. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: analysis of the raw materials for the main biochemical quality indicators (the content of dry substances, sugars, betanin, nitrates); laboratory production of sterilized puree semi-finished product and its evaluation by chemical composition and organoleptic characteristics. Based on the biochemical parameters of raw materials, the domestic varieties of single-seeded Russkaya odnosemyannaya (21.5%), Bordovaya VNIIO (20.1%) and Karina (19.8%) were distinguished according to the content of dry substances. According to the sugar content, varieties such as Karina (11.43%), Bordovaya VNIIO (11.19%) and Bordo 237 (11.03%) were distinguished. We have established a significant superiority of domestic varieties over foreign hybrids on the content of betaninand identified characteristic changes in the chemical composition of puree semi-finished product compared with the feedstock - a decrease in the content of dry substances, sugars, nitrates, a significant destruction of betanin. The highest scores on the complex of organoleptic indicators were obtained by samples of mashed semi-finished products made from beet varieties Smuglyanka, Bordo 237, Bordovaya VNIIO and Pablo F1 hybrid. - 21.6 ... 22.9 points on a 25-point scale. They should be recommended for industrial cultivation in the areas of procuring activity of canning enterprises engaged in the production of mashed semi-finished products
An organizational and economic mechanism for managing functional stability has been developed, the components of which are optimal structural and regulatory decisions, as well as a calculated and reasonable regulatory framework as tools for ensuring the sustainability of reproduction processes in a mode that ensures achievement of output parameters guaranteeing a given level of efficiency. The dimension of regulators is calculated based on ensuring the sustainability of reproduction processes in industry production
The article presents a brief overview of the technologies for the production of wood-based pellets. The work gives disadvantages and advantages of the products manufactured using the surveyed technologies. A comparative analysis of the granules obtained by the considered technological processes is given. The conclusions are made about the economic and technological feasibility of using the presented technologies using wood waste as a raw material
In conditions of field and laboratory experiments, there were learned particular properties of vegetative reproduction of raspberry varieties. During the experiment, there were used Scromnitza, Glen Ample, Miraj varieties. In field conditions, there were made phenological accounts, also there were made biochemical observations of quality markers of fruits of observed raspberry varieties, based on department of laboratory of pomology of Kuban SAU. Optimal correlation of common sugars and acids, which define fruit tastes, seen on raspberry variety Glen Ample. Maximal amount of planting stocks obtained at reproduction of root stems with a more than 5 mm diameter. Glen Ample had the biggest (in comparison with other varieties) result of output amount of daughter plants. According to commercial – attractable level, raspberry varieties arranged in increasing order: Scromnitza, Miraj, Glen Ample. During the assessment of winter hardiness (based on degree of harming generative buds by frosts), Miraj was positively underlined
The introduction of innovative technologies of cultivation of priority crops is not possible without the use of biologics. Their incorporation into the soil or on the leaf surface allows achieving a significant increase in productivity and production quality. Currently, on the market of agrochemical products, micronutrient fertilizers offer a wide and varied range of products, both foreign and domestic production. To select the most appropriate preparations or their combinations in price and the resulting effect is a complex task. Therefore, the aim of this study was the study of living forms of microorganisms and growth regulators on development and productivity of soft winter wheat called Yuka. The research was carried out in 2013-2015 in the fields of training and demonstration center for sustainable technologies in FSRI of the «ASC «Donskoy». As the test drugs we used Extresol 1/t seeds and vegetation 1l/ha; Agrophone KU-8 seeds 2 l/t of the growing season is 2 l/ha; seed Vigor forte of 0,50 g/t on vegetation of 0,25 g/ha; Flavobacterium 1,2 l/t seeds and 0,3 l/ha during growing season; Rostock 0,3 l/t and 0,2 l/ha during growing season; Risotorphine 1,2 l/t and 0,4 l/ha during growing season. As a result of researches it is established that living forms of bacteria preparation «Extrasol» and the growth regulators affected the productivity of winter wheat. The yield increase was from 0,53 t/ha to 0,66 t/ha. Huge positive role was played by biological technology of utilization of plant residues with the use of biological products and growth regulators. The introduction of this technology in the training and demonstration center for the production of winter wheat allowed to get 4056 Rub income from 1 ha, at the level of profitability 158%
The experiment has examined the effect of various agricultural technologies on the yield of winter wheat, depending on the factors studied. The studies were conducted at the experimental station of the Kuban State Agrarian University under the conditions of multifactor multi-year monitoring. The experiment was carried out in a typical for the zone 11-field grain-grass-tilled crop rotation. In this paper, we considered some of the elements of the winter wheat cultivation technology, the Brigade variety using different doses of fertilizers (N50P50K120 and N100P100K240) on four tillage options (plowing, chisel loosening, disc peeling and zero tillage). On the basis of the conducted research, it has been established that in order to obtain a stable harvest of winter wheat grain, higher doses of mineral fertilizers should be applied, which also ensures high indicators of grain quality. The considered agrotechnical methods led to a positive change in crop structure and grain quality
The article presents the results of studies on the influence of the main tillage in the technology of cultivation of sunflower on its agrophysical properties. The object of the research was sunflower, the Vulkan variety, the predecessor was winter wheat. The soil was superpowerful low-humus typical leached chernozem. The studies were carried out in a stationary experiment on the basis of the experimental field of the department of general and irrigated agriculture of KubGAU in accordance with generally accepted methods for experiments with grain crops. Variants of experience (basic tillage): Option 1 (A0) - dump plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm (control); option 2 (A1) - chiseling 25-27 cm; option 3 (A2) - disc peeling at 8-10 cm; option 4 (A3) - zero treatment (direct seeding). On the basis of the conducted research, a general trend of agrophysical soil deterioration during the entire vegetation period of sunflower development and with a decrease in the intensity of the main tillage in the technology of its cultivation is revealed. So, the soil density was minimal, and the total porosity and soil moisture, as well as the reserves of productive moisture were maximal when carrying out land plowing at a depth of 25-27 cm to the main tillage. 25-27 cm) slightly worsened these figures. Conducting in the main tillage only surface disc peeling to a depth of 8-10 cm led to a further deterioration in these indicators. And in the last place there was the option where the soil was left without primary treatment under direct sowing of the crop (the variant of zero tillage). And just before harvesting sunflower (September), zero tillage provided the highest levels of soil moisture and reserves of productive moisture
In the article we present the results of perennial researches on the influence of norms of fertilizers on growth and productivity of sunflower on Chernozem (Black soil) with different levels of fertility in the Central zone of the Krasnodar region. The improvement of nutritional status of plants promoted increase in leaf area of sunflower in the flowering stage from 20.1 to 30.8 thousand m2/ ha and more accumulation of dry substances and major nutrients in plant tissues throughout the growing season. The greatest influence on the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the leaves of 56 – 64 and 50 – 58%, in stalks of 40 – 62 and 39 – 42%, in baskets 43 – 59, and 38 -68%, respectively, provided the rate of fertilizer. The yield of sunflower seeds in average for three hybrids (Kubanskiy 341, Triumph, Legion) evolved in experiment parcels from 25.5 to 33, 4 ac./ha. The highest productivity of this crop is obtained when a high rate of fertilizer (N80Р120) is applied on soil with a high level of fertility. The increase of seed yield compared to control was 7.9 ac./ha or 30.9 %. While increasing the level of soil fertility and fertilizer amount, oil content of the seeds decreased from 46.9 to 44.5%, but the yield of oil increased from 1.20 to 1, 47 T/ha due to the growth of productivity
The problems of crop management and management decision support are still relevant at the moment. Crop production is of strategic importance and is the basis of our country's food security. The use of information technology in agriculture was limited to the use of computers and software, mainly for managing financial transactions and maintaining accounting and operational accounting. It should be noted that the measures taken to increase labor productivity and automate technological processes in the agro-industrial complex did not have an integrated nature; therefore, they slightly influenced the efficiency of the industry and, as a result, the competitiveness of products. Thus, the development and implementation of a computerized decision support system in crop management based on mathematical models for analyzing and evaluating the economic efficiency of crop cultivation technologies, crop rotation rationalization models, data analysis models of the book on crop field history, optimal selection of plant protection products and fertilizers highly relevant. This scientific project can be considered a priority and highly demanded, as contributing to the implementation of one of the requirements of the State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food of the Russian Federation for 2013-2020. The aim of the project is to improve the mathematical models and methods for managing technological processes at agricultural enterprises through the development and implementation of an integrated automated information system for crop management. The article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation and expediency of the practical implementation of the program module for solving the problem of planning and calculating the dosages of organic and mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation of farms of the Krasnodar region, which is a part of the developed integrated automated plant management information system at agricultural enterprises
The article considers the data on the applicability of bioinsecticides based on the granulovirus as an active ingredient against the apple moth. The methods for producing strains of the Cydia pomonella granulovirus to develop bioinsecticides are explained. The methods for the reproduction of laboratory populations of insects, the method of their infection and isolation of viral onset are described. The stages of obtaining bioinsecticides in vitro, as well as methods for their storage are provided