Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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Chumakov Sergey Semenovich

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Kuban State Agrarian University
   

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Articles count: 15

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440 kb

THE PECULIARITIES OF ORGANOGENESIS OF AN APPLE-TREE AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS OPTIMIZATION

abstract 0831209056 issue 83 pp. 796 – 813 30.11.2012 ru 2548
This article shows the peculiarities of an apple-tree organogenesis in gardens of intensive type. There was collected the agronomic way directed to the optimization of the given process
155 kb

THE EFFECT OF THE “REGALIS” PREPARATION ON THE FORMATION OF ORGANS OF APPLE PLANTS AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE GALA VARIETY ON THE ROOTSTOCK P 59

abstract 1602006005 issue 160 pp. 50 – 61 30.06.2020 ru 337
The work shows the effect of the Regalis preparation on the formation and biochemical composition of organs of apple tree plants (using the Gala variety as an example). Experiments were carried out in 2016-2019. Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Planting bookmark - 2007. Tree planting scheme 4.0 × 1.0 m., Irrigation - drip. The soil of the study area is ordinary chernozem (carbonate). It was found that under the action of treatments with the Regalis preparation significant changes are recorded in the structure of fouling wood and the area of the sheet apparatus. The use of a growth regulator helps to accelerate the completion of tree growth processes. This is evidenced by a decrease in the content of IAA in the tops of shoots, by 12% in comparison with the control. The “Regalis” had a significant impact on ensuring the stable fruiting of plants of the Gala apple tree. The annual one-three-time treatment of trees with this preparation in a dose of 1.25 kg / ha provided a stable increase in yield to 14.2-16.3 kg from one tree. Moreover, on average for four years, the best results were recorded in the variant with 2-fold treatment with Regalis (16.3 kg-tree). Further analysis of the yield and commercial qualities of the obtained fruits showed that two and three-fold processing contributed to the production of fruits from 38.5 to 40.8 t / ha, which is 10-11.7 t higher than the control, while increasing the yield of marketable fruits up to 13.3 - 14.0 tons
196 kb

STABILITY OF SWEET CHERRY PLANTS TO LOW TEMPERATURES OF THE SPRING PERIOD: POSSIBLE INDICATORS AND MECHANISMS

abstract 1592005020 issue 159 pp. 294 – 302 29.05.2020 ru 191
These studies are devoted to determining the characteristics of changes in some physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet cherry plants that arise under the influence of the main damaging factor of the spring period - frost and associated with the resistance of the plant organism to the action of stressor. The studies were carried out in 2012 and adjacent 2018-2019 in the fruiting plantations of cherries of the Kuban zone located on horticultural soils: leached chernozem and alluvial meadow. We studied sweet cherry varieties of different resistance to frost. Samples for analysis were selected according to the background of naturally prevailing positive air temperatures. The plant material was frozen in the Binder climate chamber KB 53 for 4 hours at a temperature of 2.5 ± 0.2 ° C. According to the results of the experiment, sweet cherry plants that differ in early flowering are more susceptible to the temperature stressor in the spring in comparison with late flowering plant organisms. Meanwhile, the resistance of plants to frost depends not so much on the date of differentiation of the generative buds, but on the efficiency of the physiological and biochemical activation mechanisms under the influence of an unfavorable synthesis factor in the flowers of indolylacetic acid, which is responsible for the efficiency of the onset of fruit formation, and ultimately a more complete implementation potential productivity. An important indicator of the stability of a plant organism is the degree of change in the content of this phytohormone
1634 kb

PECULIARITIES OF SOIL CONTENT IN NONIRRIGATED ORGANIC GARDEN OF APPLETREES IN CONNECTION WITH OPTIMIZATION OF FRUITING IN THE CONDITIONS OF WEATHER ANOMALIES OF SUMMER PERIOD

abstract 1041410053 issue 104 pp. 710 – 722 30.12.2014 ru 1119
There was substantiated the purposefulness of introduction in non-irrigated organic gardens of apple-trees of Kuban zone of in-row sodding of soil with naturally growing grasses providing the increase of plant resistance to abiotic stressors of summer period and as a consequence, stabilization of generative activity and the increase of fruit productivity
783 kb

PECULIARITIES OF POTENTIAL REALIZATION OF FRUIT-TREES PRODUCTIVITY IN THE YEARS OF WEATHER ANOMALIES

abstract 0821208063 issue 82 pp. 897 – 915 31.10.2012 ru 1727
There was shown the influence of unfavorable climatic factors on the development of fruit cultivars. There were studied the peculiarities of potential realization of fruit trees productivity in connection with weather anomalies
2604 kb

MORPHO-BIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CHANGES IN THE OVERGROWING WOOD OF THE GALA APPLE TREE DEPENDING ON THE USE OF THE GROWTH REGULATOR

abstract 1541910028 issue 154 pp. 289 – 299 30.12.2019 ru 243
The work is devoted to studying the nature of the effect of various doses of the drug called "Regalis" on the formation of the vegetative and generative organs of apple plants. Years of research - 2016-2019 Field experiments were carried out in JSC company "Agrocomplex" named after N.I. Tkachev in the Vyselkovsky district. Plantations were laid in 2007. Planting pattern 4.0 × 1.0m., garden irrigated, with support. The soil of the site is ordinary carbonated black soil (chernozem), the thickness of the humus layer is up to 120-140 cm. As a result of field and laboratory studies of the condition of 9-12 year old Gala apple trees grafted on P-59 rootstock, it was established that the annual treatment of apple trees for different phenophases with a preparation Regalis at a dose of 1.25 kg / ha has a significant effect on both the size and the number of vegetative and generative formations. It was determined that triple treatment of apple trees with regalis in 43.11% reduces the number of shoots longer than 60 cm, and double - by 31.39%. Structural changes in the distribution of vegetative and fruitful formations per 1 meter were noted in axial branches of the first order. Under the influence of the drug, the number of full-fledged “closed” buds in 2017 increased by 88.8%, and in 2018 by 70.9% compared with the control. The use of triple treatment with Regalis significantly reduces growth activity and has a positive effect on the passage of organogenesis of apple flower buds
627 kb

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER FACTORS ON DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT-TREES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH REGION OF RUSSIA

abstract 0671103003 issue 67 pp. 30 – 39 30.03.2011 ru 2044
The influence of unfavorable weather factors on the vital activity of fruit-trees was shown. Peculiarities of apple-tree generative development in the connection with temperature abnormalities have been studied
135 kb

INFLUENCE OF PREPARATIONS OF THE TRADEMARK “ECOGEL” ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE-TREES

abstract 1231609124 issue 123 pp. 1878 – 1887 30.11.2016 ru 617
Introduction of new elements of fruit cultivation technology into production is one of the elements of intensification of the branch. The problem of providing plants with moisture is the key in modern technology. The purpose of the research is a development and manufacturing of innovative methods of water supply of modern fruit plantations. Researches were conducted in two fruiting zones of the Krasnodar region (Northern and Kuban) with the aim of assessment of influence of different ways of water supply on the growth and productivity of apple-tree varieties: Idared and Gala Schniga grafted on the stock М9 and planted in 2012 due to the scheme 3,5x0,8 m. There was determined that the application of the absorbent Aqua Life and absorbents with the addition of recommended elements (Ecogel-1; Ecogel-2) increase the acclimation rate of seedlings on 2- 6%. The presence of proper conducting system to supply with the moisture and nutrients the overhead part (roots-leaves) and a large number of photosynthezing apparatus promoted to obtain the high-quality fruit productivity, accumulation of phytomass and increase of fruit quality. We have found, that complexes of hydroabsorbents on the basis “Aqua Life”, “Ecogel-1” and “Ecogel-2” in conditions of Kuban in fruiting apple-tree plantations on dwarf stocks showed the high effectiveness on water supply, for the first time
418 kb

INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC FACTORS ON THE FORMATION OF COMMERCIAL APPLE CROPES AND WAYS OF ITS OPTIMIZATION IN THE SOUTH OF EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA

abstract 1531909029 issue 153 pp. 294 – 305 29.11.2019 ru 372
The work is devoted to studying the nature of the influence of individual abiotic factors of the southern territories of Russia on the features of the formation of an economic apple yield in adjacent years and the justification of the possibility of adjusting the course of this process in adverse environmental conditions. The studies were carried out in 2018-2019, which are distinguished by the manifestation of weather anomalies in the summer-autumn period. Field experiments were performed at the farms of the Kuban horticultural zone on soils suitable for planting fruit stands: leached and typical chernozems. The features of the development of plants of apple trees of winter varieties Kuban crimson and Fuji on the stock M9 were studied. In the experiments, an option is provided using foliar treatment of plants with Pomaset fertilizer. The effectiveness of the formation of the economic apple crop depends on the biological characteristics of the used pomological variety, as well as the temperature and moisture conditions during the growing season of the plants. Soil conditions do not significantly affect the course of this process. The probability of losing the potential apple crop at the XII stage of organogenesis (pre-harvest decay) under the influence of abiotic summer stressors: high air temperatures and water deficiency is noted. With the manifestation of extremely high air temperatures in late summer and during the autumn months, a significant increase in the duration of vegetation of various (especially strong-growing) apple varieties was recorded, causing a shift in the process of differentiation of generative buds (stages III-IV of organogenesis) to a later date, and, as a result, - decrease in potential plant productivity in the next season. With the manifestation of abnormal weather conditions, the prospects of foliar treatment of trees in the second half of the growing season with Pomaset fertilizer, which optimizes the fruiting of the apple tree in adjacent years, are shown. At the same time, the fruit yield in the current year is increasing by 9-14%, and in the next season - by 7-10% in comparison with the control values
123 kb

IMPROVEMENT OF WAYS OF FRUIT TREES WATER SUPPLY

abstract 1221608077 issue 122 pp. 1116 – 1124 31.10.2016 ru 529
Nowadays, fruit trees are subjected to influence of abiotic stress-factors. The reaction of fruit plants on the influence of media plays an important role. Experiments were conducted in two (Northern and Central) fruit zones of the Krasnodar region since 2013 to 2015, there was shown the possibility of application of hydroabsorbents as a stable source of water supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the South of Russia in the conditions of field experiment. There were shown the peculiarities of technological ways of water supply of fruit trees in specific natural conditions of the south of Russia. There was determined that the necessity in watering of a garden’s plots with the use of hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 with the supporting of soil’s moisture in 80% in Northern zone in the end of May, in central fruit zone in the middle of May. There was proven that the application of hydroabsorbents Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 guarantees the stable water supply in limits of 75-80% from NV since planting in apple-trees of varieties of Renet Simirenko and Golden Delicious grafted on the stock M9 and planted on the scheme 4,0 х 1,0 м during three years. The work of the system of “soil-roots-leaves” independently on weather and soil conditions is provided
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