Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Pre-planting preparation of soil in the Central part of the North Caucasus according to the traditional technology of cultivation of crops involves the use of single-operation soil processing machines and aggregates. As a result, they have to make multiple passes, resulting in increased energy consumption, soil compaction, and the emergence and development of erosion processes. In addition, the agricultural machinery used is characterized by the low operability and reliability of the working elements and their joint assemblies, which leads to a decrease in productivity, so that the agricultural requirements for the process of pre-sowing soil preparation are often not met. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an arable milling unit for pre-sowing soil preparation is proposed. Its structural and technological scheme is justified. The distinctive features of the proposed design are the possibility of the main soil treatment with simultaneous grinding of large soil clumps, lumps, plant residues and levelling of the soil surface; possibility of changing the installation angle of the rotary grinder and depth of soil treatment depending on the type of treated soil; high quality of soil preparation for sowing; provision of energy consumption reduction due to combination of technological operations in preparation of soils for sowing; lack of expensive assemblies and parts; the need for less energy for aggregation when preparing soils for sowing. As a result of the theoretical studies carried out, rational values of the main parameters of the proposed arable milling unit have been established, which have a decisive influence on the process of its operation: speed of movement 1.5... 2.0 m/s; Angle of attack of working element 20... 300; Angular rotation speed of the working tool 20... 25 s-1

Reserves of expansion of the areas under fruit plantings in the central part of the North Caucasus are limited, one of solutions of this problem is involvement in an agricultural turn and, in particular, under fruit plantings a little or the slope lands, absolutely inconvenient for one-year cultures, having optimum climatic conditions. Currently, scientifically based technologies of cultivation of gardens on slopes are developed for foothill and mountainous areas of the North Caucasus in relation to zones. Large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruits in the North Caucasian Federal District. One of problems which vendors of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of trunk strips and row-spacings of fruit plantings. Mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in specific conditions of mountain and foothill agriculture where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the question of the accelerated creation of a humic layer in the trunk strips, improvements of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. The carried-out analysis of a system of maintenance of the soil in gardens showed that the most rational is the cespitose and humous system providing bevelling of vegetation with its leaving on the surface of the soil in the form of mulch. However, lots the mower-grinders produced by the industry have rather low rotating speed of a rotational operating part (540 … 840 min-1); they do not provide high-quality crushing of grass vegetation, are incapable to transport crushed grassy masses in trunk strips of fruit-trees. In this regard, we offer a construction of a unit for processing of row-spacings and the trunk strips of fruit plantings. As a result of the conducted theoretical researches, we have set rational values of key parameters of the offered unit

The aim of the study is to determine the parameters of the Archimedes spiral to construct the geometry of the disc of the shredder of long-stemmed feeds. The article describes the sequence of constructing the curved portion of the geometry of the disc of the shredder of long-stemmed feeds, based on Archimedes spiral. Criteria for building the disk on the second and subsequent turns of the spiral of Archimedes and obtained the dependence of disk diameter from the size of its protrusions. The conditions of Archimedes spiral construction depending on the number of disk protrusions are determined

The aim of the research was to determine rational design parameters of a screw with variable step of press-extruder, which will allow to consider their physical condition and to obtain optimal density of sunflower cake, in loose and granular types for cattle on the basis of a psychological experiment or a priori ranking factors. Before the start of the study chose the factors that affect the density of sunflower meal. In the initial stage of studying the density of sunflower cake in addition to the analysis of the literature and previously obtained materials, we will conduct a psychological experiment or a priori ranking factors. Procedure of a psychological experiment was carried out in the following way. Each expert in the survey was asked to complete a form, in which were the factors, their dimensions and the anticipated intervals of variation. A specialist had to appoint the place of each factor and to include in the questionnaire other, not included into consideration factors or to express an opinion about the change of intershafts of variation. According to the survey we have calculated the coefficient of concordance and after it is evaluated determined by its significance for the Pearson criterion. After checking of the coefficient of concordance according to the Pearson criterion we have plotted rank distribution of factors influencing the density of sunflower oilcake by types, reflecting the collective opinion of experts. On the basis of the conducted expert assessment, the most significant factors affecting the density of sunflower cake, crumbled and granulated types are: (x1) the angle of taper of the screw (x2) step spiral auger 2, (X3) step revolution of the screw of the 1st winding. The proposed design parameters of the variable pitch screw press extruder can be attributed to the rational, since they allow not only to obtain the desired density of sunflower cake, in loose and granular types for cattle, but also to consider its physical and mechanical properties

For further increase in production of fruit products, there are long-term plans of development of agriculture of the Russian Federation provide laying of new gardens of intensive and superintensive types. In this regard, development of slope lands and their use under gardens is a current social and economic problem. In the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic there are over 10 thousand hectares of intensive and superintensive gardens now. Therefore, large corporations, as well as medium and small business are engaged in production of fruit. One of problems which producers of fruits face it is the shortage of the equipment on care of row-spacings and spaces around fruit plantings. The mechanized technologies of flat gardening are a little effective in the conditions of slopes where the main limiting factor is the soil fertility. At the same time, the issue of increase in fertility of the soil in space around fruit plantings, improvement of the water and food modes of fruit plantings on slope lands is particularly acute. Thus, improvement of technology and development of a new design of the unit, providing performance of several interconnected technological operations for processing of row-spacings and space around fruit plantings, preservation and increase in fertility of soils on slope lands is relevant in the conditions of mountain and foothill gardening Central the North Caucasus. As a result of the carried-out analysis of technological processing of row-spacings and space around fruit plantings and results of theoretical researches (as criterion of optimization) the quality of dyeing of the soil is accepted. Speed of movement of the unit, angular speed of rotation of a mill and the angle of installation of knives have the greatest impact on criterion of optimization. As a result of carrying out a multiple-factor experiment, we have established the optimum values of the specified factors providing the maximum quality of dyeing of the soil

The purpose of this study is to determine the basic geometric parameters and the kinematic mode of operation of a roll mill intended for threshing corn cobs at the selection stage. Currently, for the threshing of the corn cobs on seeds at the selection stage, disk threshers of the type MKD-M are used in most cases. These devices practically do not injure the seeds, but it can reach 7-8%. In this case, the cob should be re-threshed, which significantly reduces productivity. One of the promising ways to increase the productivity of threshing corn cobs at the selection stage, while maintaining the minimum level of seed crushing, is the use of roller threshing devices. But there are no commercially available corn roller grinders to date. There are only prototypes. One of the most important requirements for corn threshers is the complete exclusion of seed mixing during the change of the treated cobs. Taking into account that the nomenclature of processed breeding numbers can include hundreds of titles, self-cleaning of working organs is extremely necessary to reduce manual labor costs. We have developed an experimental sample of a roller thresher with two horizontally arranged working elements, which showed a high quality of cob threshing in the course of prospecting studies. In the proposed design of the thresher, the problem of self-cleaning of working organs is absent. To determine the basic parameters of the roll mill, which ensures high quality of the cob threshing, we have conducted a full-factor experiment. The following factors were used as controlled factors: diameter of working elements (rolls) and rotation speed of their rotation. The remaining parameters of the grind were justified on the basis of our previous studies of the operation of corn threshers of various types. The criterion of optimization was the crushing of grain, and the quality of the restriction was used such an indicator as a grain of grain. The material for research was the cobs of the Krasnodar hybrid 425 MV. As a result of the studies, the following optimal parameters of the corn selection thresher were established: roll diameter - 152 mm; rotational speed of rollers - 767 min-1; the minimum clearance between rollers is 6 mm: the height of the protrusion of the working surface of the threshing roll is 10 mm

The main reason of the developmental delay of the RF livestock sector below the level of its inherent potential capacity is a detrimental alteration in methodological procedure of livestock and poultry management, occurring due to shortage of traditional feeds. As a result, a necessity to develop the yearlong production of additional fodders, allowing for balanced feeding throughout the year, arose. The method of hydroponic green fodder (HGF) cultivation meets these requirements. Analysis of HGF production methods and labor saver mechanisms makes possible to claim that existing systems are characterized by high costs and difficulties in fabrication, and require a number of additional mechanical devices to work. In the FSBEI HE “KSMTU”, a one-tier hydroponic system has been developed, fitted with curved (arched) guideways and rigid elastic load-carrying components, where loading of seeds and takeout of grown HGF occur by gravity without additional devices of labour input. Based on analysis performed on design features of the proposed system, it has been established that emergence of parametric resonances in the system under consideration is possible; and the study of tray dynamical stability has been carried out with the aim to prevent them. The motion of the hydroponic system tray under consideration is described by the classical Mathieu equation, including two parameters a and q. The further studies of sets of stable and unstable solutions in the plane of a and q parameters are presented by the Ince-Strutt diagram. As a result of the performed calculations, the diameter of the loadcarrying component was identified (d=5 mm), which should ensure reliable working capacity and stability of the hydroponic system in whole

The results of theoretical research of process of anaerobic fermentation of bird dung are brought in the article. In theory, the structurally-technological chart of fluidizer is reasonable utilization of bird dung, the structural and regime parameters of the offered setting are reasonable

In the article, the influence of poultry-farming complexes on adjoining territory is considered. Installation for processing of a waste of poultry farming is offered, parameters and modes of its work are proved

Application of fluidizers’ production of biological gas, as alternative energy sources in a great deal determined by her structural descriptions and exhaust technological modes. For determination of efficiency of their use, the power method of estimation is offered. Results of estimation of efficiency of the use of the biogas station are given