Name
Khrustalev Evgeny Yurievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 39
The article examines the role of innovation in enhancing
the competitiveness of individual firms (enterprises), and
accelerate the growth of the national economy. The aim
of this work is to identify and analyze the relationship
between innovation and export performance. To achieve
it evaluated Russia's innovation capabilities, take into
account the risk associated with high exposure to the
domestic economy from the export of fuel and energy
products, the comparison of scientific-technical state of
Russia with other countries on such indicators as the
inclusion of human and financial resources in research
and development work, the level of exports of
technology-intensive goods and services
Information of the world and national economies
significantly alter the role and importance of expertise
in enterprise activity. Expert evaluation of the quality
of modern innovative software products is playing an
increasingly important role in the justification of
management decisions with their use. That is why the
expert function is one of the most important and
recognized not only in science but also in the practical
production and business operations of many
businesses. The article shows the possibility of
adapting method unit testing as a tool for peer
evaluation of the quality level of the development of
innovative software products. The article covers
application of criteria for coverage decisions and
conditions, as well as a criterion of combinatorial
coverage for the most complete set of tests and
accurate expert assessments. The substantiation of the
existence and validity of the use of the method of unit
testing capabilities for expert assessments of
innovative software products was also given. We have described the sequence of process of peer review for
incremental (step by step), and non-incremental
approach to testing of modern innovative software
products, as well as identifying their strengths and
weaknesses. It is concluded that the incremental
approach is preferable to use the method of unit testing
for the expert assessments of projects and programs for
the creation of innovative products, services and
technologies
Studying the problems of the development of Russian
business education today seems urgent in view of the
serious impact of globalization factors on world
markets, as well as taking into account the factors of
global economic recession and to the undeclared war
sanctions restrictions against the Russian economy and
not having under itself no justification other than
political. The article presents the results of the analysis
of positive and negative factors in the development of
the Russian business education, because of which it
was concluded, that for the further development of the
Russian system of business education needs a new
approach. It should be based on the formation of the
conceptual model, taking into account the current
realities in the Russian economy. The authors set out
to become the key provisions of the new approach,
namely to ensure the growth of professional and
specialist competencies required functionality; the study of «effective practical techniques», a reasonable
reduction of the duration of the MBA program of
study; distribution of specialists trained in powers
depending on their positions. The above provisions
allowed forming a conceptual model of business
education, which is based on four practical degree
professional training laid. In addition, the article
justified criteria for evaluating the quality and
composition requirements for modern business
education program. The proposed in the article new
approach and the conceptual model of the development
of Russian business education are targeted at
practitioners who want to gain more knowledge in a
limited period and very reasonable cost of education.
The further development of the Russian business
education system in the very near future will show the
validity of this approach
In connection with the informatization of production,
scientific-technical, social and public activities, the
emergence of the digital economy, there is a need to
protect effectively sensitive and confidential data. The
solution to the problem of creation of system of
information security becomes particularly relevant and
significant, since with the advent of complex automated
information systems significantly increased the quantity
of information stored in the computing device, in single
databases have become integrated information for
various purposes, greatly expanded the number of users
having access to the information resources of the
enterprise. In the article, we have proposed and
scientifically based conceptual foundation and
principles of construction of modern system of
protecting information files to manufacturing
enterprises, which constitute commercial secret, from
damage and unauthorized access. We have identified
the information that requires protection from
competitors and intruders, identified infrastructure their
protection and the mechanisms for their own reliable
operation of protective systems. It is shown that the
objects to be protected from potential internal and
external threats and illegal acts are staff, material,
financial and intellectual resources, means and systems
of informatization and protection of all types of
resources. The basic principles of information security
production of the enterprise are the mutual
responsibility of management and staff, legitimacy,
cooperation with law enforcement bodies, maintenance
of optimum balance of interests of the company and the
individual
Decision-making requires a thorough analysis of the
external environment in which the economic system
operates. Anti-Russian economic sanctions is
significantly destabilized external environment that
has complicated the task of making decisions on
management of the enterprise. This study analyzes
the problem of decision making under conditions of
the uncertainty caused by the anti-Russian sanctions,
the conclusion about the limited decision-making
methods based on game theory. The most effective
are management practices supported by information
systems. The article analyzes the current information
technology of managing a company made by
different developers who have already installed their
software products on objects, which are strategic for
the Russian economy. In terms of economic
sanctions, such a situation creates a threat to the
economic security of the country. Based on domestic
developments, it is proposed to construct an
information model of the enterprise, which will
reduce the risks and increase the quality of
managerial decisions. The work presents a structural
scheme of the information model and defines its
objectives and characteristics
In modern conditions, housing and communal services,
on the one hand, the urgent need of carrying out a
comprehensive mo-modernization of the entire infrastructure,
and on the other hand, with the intensification
of the implementation of innovations manufacturing
techniques, it can be one of the points of sustainable
growth and development of domestic economic.
These circumstances determine the relevance scope of
this article. The article identifies the main control
housing and communal services – housing fund as well
as the composition of the institutional agents carrying
out its operation. It was found that the current management
practice does not meet the requirements of the
market and fundamentally change the conditions of financial
and economic activities of its institutional
agents, and the results of ongoing reforms in this area cannot be considered satisfactory. We defined targets
development of innovative potential of housing and
communal services, and its compliance with the investment
activity of its institutional agents. We revealed
the most significant changes, which should be
based on the innovative vector of development of this
sphere. We substantiated composition of quantitative
and qualitative indicators of the system for conformity
assessment of the innovative capacity of the sphere of
housing and communal services of the investment activity
of its institutional agents. The article substantiates
the need to develop science-based concept of innovative
development and comprehensive modernization
of the infrastructure of housing and communal
services and the feasibility of pilot innovative projects.
It is concluded that the successful implementation of
pilot innovative projects can become the starting point
for turning the sphere of housing-communal services,
but one of the stable points of growth of the domestic
economy
In modern economic theory, there is no complete classification of innovative approaches to the management of knowledge-intensive and high-tech companies and enterprises. Among these approaches, we can highlight situational, structural, process, functional and project-based approaches. The project-oriented approach, as a purposeful method of future systems forming, is a kind of continuation of the process approach; however, it gives priority not to the process, but to the project, as the main production, innovation and competing business unit. This article provides a brief overview of carried out research in this subject area, analyzes the advantages and opportunities of existing project management validity models, and suggests the author's approach of building a model for identifying and evaluating the potential of modern project-oriented companies and enterprises. This article also shows that the economic efficiency of such companies and enterprises achieving by using the project-based method both in the integrated system of strategic management and in the main production activities. This leads to an increase in their ability to choose the right way of operational decision-making, contributes to the installation of advanced technological and technical equipment, and accelerates the commissioning of new production facilities
We have considered the most important direction of development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex: modernizing production capacity and technical re-equipment of these enterprises. The relevance of this issue in recent years has increased significantly due to changes in the terms of military development (economic hardship, sanctions, etc.). We have developed an economic-mathematical model of the choice between modernization and radical technical re-equipment of enterprises. The article has an analysis of this model taking into account the financial factors in this choice. The use of the developed economic-mathematical apparatus in practice allows increasing the efficiency of technological development of enterprises of the military-industrial complex
The main factors influencing the innovative
development of the domestic science-intensive sector of
the economy, were identified and studied in the work.
The authors singled out two groups of factors, internal
and external, determining their composition and
interrelationship. The paper focuses on one of the
segments of the knowledge-intensive market of
products and services - space activities. In the postwar
period, Russia firmly maintained leadership in virtually
all areas of the industry, however, economic and
political reforms intensified the negative impact of
financial and economic factors, which significantly
retarded the technological development of the space
industry. The paper studies the influence of
environmental, technological, financial, economic and
other factors affecting the development of knowledgebased
enterprises. A graphical and economicmathematical
multi-factor model for the innovative
development of knowledge-intensive enterprises
involved in the implementation of space programs is
constructed. The methods of expert assessments
determined the influence of each factor on the
development of space activities: - the production of
launch vehicles, space vehicles, ground-based space
technology and the provision of services. The received
estimations of influence of factors will find application
at formation of programs of innovative development of
the high technology enterprises
The article based on factual historical data identifies and
analyzes the characteristics of modern wars and armed
conflicts. It is shown that in different periods the concept
of "war" has been interpreted by politicians and military
experts on-to a miscellaneous. However, regardless of its
determination to warfare took huge human, financial and
other resources, and their amounts increased steadily up
to the present day. The specificity of modern war is that
to achieve aggressive goals do not have to use weapons
and military equipment – ensure the defense and national
security is possible using non-military warfare, applying,
in particular, financial and economic methods of
warfare. Thus the subordination of their interests foreign
territories, their capture and looting can implement new
supranational global patterns that have emerged in the
process of Informatization of society on the basis of
network principles of world order