Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article presents the results of studying the influence of some types of packaging materials used in conjunction with Inter Fresh’s ethylene absorber (sachets) on commercial quality and losses of Alexandria zucchini, Lyubov sweet pepper and tomatoes cv. Inkas during storage. The study was carried out using StePac Xtend bags, creating a modified atmosphere. The objects of research were stored for 14 days at a temperature of 8 – 10 °С and air relative humidity of 90±3 %. One sachet for ethylene absorption was placed in Xtend bags. It was found that when stored under these conditions, the total weight loss is: for tomatoes – 0.3% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.8% when using traditional packaging materials; for zucchini – 0.4% when using Xtend bags and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers, 1.6% when using traditional packaging materials. Losses associated with microbiological damage during storage of zucchini and tomatoes were not observed. During storage of sweet pepper microbiological spoilage took place, which, apparently, was the result of increased contamination with pathogenic microorganisms

The article presents the results of studying the influence of the method of treatment before storage and storage parameters, including the relative air humidity, on the value of general losses of carrots. The taproots treatment before putting into storage was carried out with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency and the bio-preparation Vitaplan. After treatment, the taproots were kept at a temperature of +2±1°С for 56 days and +25±1°С for 21 days. In the process, the relative air humidity was changed from 40 to 90%. At a storage temperature of +2±1°C, the lowest total loss was observed at a relative humidity of 90%. At a storage temperature of +25±1°С, the optimal, from the point of view of decreasing the general losses, turned out to be the relative air humidity of 70%: with decreasing relative air humidity to 40%, significant increase of natural losses was observed, because the taproots were losing water intensively, and with increasing relative air humidity to 90%, favorable conditions were created for the growth of pathogenic microflora, which caused significant losses from the microbiological decay. The method of pretreatment of carrot taproots, providing the lowest general loss during storage in all the studied conditions, was joint treatment with ELF EMF and the bio-preparation called Vitaplan

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the processing method before storage on the commercial quality of carrot roots during storage. The object of the research was carrot of the Abaco variety. Objects of study were stored for 21 days at + (25 ± 1) ° C and 56 days at + (2 ± 1) ° C. Roots were treated with extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF ELF) and Vitaplan biopreparation separately and in combination. As a result of the research, it was established that the complex treatment of EMF ELF and biopreparation allows increasing the yield of standard carrot products compared to the control: 11.8% at storage temperature + (2 ± 1) ° C, 24.1% at storage temperature + (25 ± 1) ° C. A reduction in the total losses of carrots, treated with complex EMF ELF and biological product, was found by 5.8% at storage temperature + (2 ± 1) ° C and by 12.4% at storage temperature + (25 ± 1) ° C

The article analyzes the patented in different countries methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes of storing and processing of plant materials. Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods, realization of which allows sterilizing of material and increasing its storing period, and also improving its processing, were systematized. The carried out survey of the patent documentation revealed, that at the present time there is quite a number of methods of using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact, that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the material and modifying chemical substances in its content. In the article it is also shown, that, nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end, the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field

Fruits are an important part of the diet of humans and many animals. In case of an improperly organized process of storing of fruits, the loss of mass and decrease of quality can be substantial. This makes relevant the research, aimed at enhancing existing and developing new technologies of fruits storing. In this article, the results of the investigation of influence of complex treatment of fruits with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (EMF ELF) and а biopreparation on the change of microbial contamination of their surface and on the loss of mass in the process of long-term storage are revealed. Apples of the Idared variety and pears of the Conference variety were the objects of research. The change of microbial contamination of the surface of fruits, undergone a few types of pre-treatment (EMP ELF, bio-preparation “Vitaplan”, complex treatment “EMP ELF + the biopreparation” and no special treatment), after storing during 7 months in case of pears and 8 months in case of apples is shown in the article. It was found, that the greatest decrease of content of microorganisms on the fruits’ surface is achieved as a result of the complex treatment, combining the treatment with EMP ELF and an aqueous solution of the “Vitaplan” bio-preparation. The effective parameters of such a treatment for apples and pears are represented

Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means of decreasing microbial contamination of their surface as a result of fruits pre-treatment by biopreparations before dispatching for storage. In the current study patterns of influence of fruits pre-treatment with the “Ekstrasol” biopreparation in a number of concentrations of bioagent on the microbial contamination of their surface during storage are revealed. The “Ekstrasol” preparation is a biofungicide, containing the Ch-13 strain of Bacillus subtilis bacteria and their metabolites. As research objects there were chosen apples of a zoned in the Krasnodar region variety called Idared and pears of a zoned in the Krasnodar region variety called Conference, harvested in 2016. The apples and the pears were stored over a period of 6 months in the low temperature conditions. Samples were withdrawn every month over the period of storing. The species composition and quantity of the most prevalent microorganisms, potentially causing the spoilage of apples and pears during storing, were identified. The optimal concentration of the bioagent, which provides the maximal decreasing of microbial contamination of fruits’ (apples and pears) surface, is established – 106 CFU/g, dosage of solution – 1 ml per 100 g of fruit

The article analyzes the existing technologies and methods of storage of tubers of topinambur. We have analyzed the traditional methods of storage of tubers of topinambur - in containers, boxes or bags in storage or in the ground clamps. Russian and foreign topinambur tubers storage technologies in modified atmosphere, with use of easily removable wax coating, with plant extracts treatment, at different storage temperatures are studied. We have also carried out analysis of scientific and patent sources led to the conclusion that existing technologies and methods of storing topinambur tubers, which do not allow reducing to the maximum extent the weight loss and the inulin hydrolysis during storage. A reasonable conclusion was made about the advisability of further studies in the field of innovative technologies and methods of preparation for storage and storage of topinambur tubers, ensuring minimal weight loss, as well as maximum preservation in their structure of inulin, vitamin C and other biologically active substances during storage

The article presents the results of the research of the influence of preliminary treatment of garden beet roots with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency on the loss of dry and biologically active substances, such as vitamin C and P-active substances, in the process of long term storage. Garden beet roots of Bordo 237 variety were the objects of research. The objects of research were stored for 7 months at a temperature of 0…+1° С and relative humidity of 90 %. Sampling was carried out every month during the entire storage period. The treatment with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency was carried out using an experimental setup of our own assembly. As a result of the conducted research it is established, that the treatment of garden beet roots of Bordo 237 variety with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency before dispatching into storage allows to decrease the losses of dry substances by 4,1 % by the end of the 7 months storage period, and also to decrease the losses of vitamin C by 14,8 % and P-active substances by 15,1 %. The data obtained can be used to develop new or improve existing technologies of garden beet roots storing

Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means of their special preparation by pre-treatment before storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination during storage for the development of effective technological modes of preparation of fruits before storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’ surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established - for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40 minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety Conference - for 7 months

An analysis of patented in Russia and abroad methods for providing preservation of plant products, particularly apples and pears, was carried out in the article. The patent search was made for the period from 1995 to 2015 in the databases of patent offices of the United States of America, Japan and European patent organization. The patented methods, realization of which allows increasing of storage life of agricultural products by means of using different kinds of electromagnetic radiation, regulating the content of gaseous medium in the storage, treating with chemical substances, inhibiting the microbiological processes, creating hermetic storing conditions, were systematized. The realized research allowed drawing a conclusion on the relevance of work in the field of search for new methods for providing stable quality of fruits in the process of storing, particularly with the use of electromagnetic fields of very low frequency