Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Expansion and increasing of the Krasnodar region transport infrastructure during the construction of the Olympic facilities together with the new land development created a necessity for construction in the remote areas of landslide slopes with the complex engineering-geological conditions. Constructions of bored piles, jammed by in nondisplaceable soil are often used as one of the measures for the protection of surface rocks landslide movement and tightening the slope weak sections. Such constructive solution is often being considered the best, and sometimes the only acceptable solution. When designing engineering protection it is recommended to consider the use of a number of active protection activities, aimed at the landslide processes stabilization. However, in case of construction production impossibility due to terms of organization, it is necessary to provide passive protection which would secure that the landslide streamlines the construction. Currently, the mechanism of the soil landslides interaction with constructions of detached objects spot protection isn’t studied enough. Known methods adopt simplifications and assumptions which lead to definite significant errors in the design of slope protection structures. Security and reliability of such structures can only be achieved with the adoption of high factor of safety values. This leads to increased material consumption and labor input for the erection of defensive structures also reduces the economic efficiency of these structures. In addition the process of designing protective structures in the Krasnodar region is further complicated by fact that the landslide of construction area is mainly folded by flowing clay soils

Currently, there is increasingly reduced number of the sites convenient for construction. In this regard there is a question of development of new territories, for various reasons which were earlier considered economically unprofitable or unsuitable for construction. Often, for construction in the mountain area it is necessary to carry out construction of objects in landslide territories. However, landslide processes constitute big health hazard and lives of people and also safety of buildings and constructions. The main objective of engineers when performing design and exploration work on landslide territories is the determination of stability of slopes and size of landslide pressure from soil and also identification of the most dangerous combination of loadings which can demand design and construction of a construction against landslide of landslide protection structures with significant load-bearing capacity. The research presented in article allows to define the most dangerous loads affecting the stability of the slope and also of the selection of a protective construction (against landslide). Dependences of change of landslide pressure and coefficient of stability of a slope are received from action of various loadings (both static, and dynamic)

This article describes the practice of conducting a geotechnical monitoring of the road tunnel № № 8, 8а «Doubler Kurortnogo Prospekta» in Sochi in difficult geotechnical conditions. Geotechnical monitoring method was developed on the results of mathematical modeling performed based on engineering studies and design solutions. The particular importance is paid to areas of shallow road tunnels, because in these areas there are the highest strain that could lead to malfunction of the lithological technical system "accommodating array - fixing tunnel" and the further destruction of the road tunnel walling. Geotechnical monitoring at the stage of engineering survey allows us to assess comprehensively the condition of the geological environment in a pristine condition, as well as detailed consideration to the effect on her of construction of mining operations. Implementation of geotechnical monitoring at the stages the engineering survey and construction will identify weaknesses malfunction of the lithological technical system "accommodating array - fixing tunnel" and ensure the security of the operation of such a technically complex and demanding facilities such as road tunnels

Development of infrastructure of Sochi as mountain resort has demanded increase in transport means of communication and development of territories, difficult for construction. Construction works cover territories of the Kudepsta and Adler districts and also Krasnaya Polyana. The main problems at design near Greater Sochi are landslides and landslide processes and also high seismicity of territories. Besides, the increased technogenic loadings on many sites have led exogenous processes to activization. At unforeseen activization of landslide processes it is required to develop actions for strengthening of the existing constructions or construction of new protective designs in the shortest possible time. However, there are problems of modeling of a landslide situation. On the example of construction retaining at the portal constructions of a railway tunnel near Sochi modeling of landslide processes on the basis of natural observations (monitoring) is considered and also actions for stabilization of slope processes are described