Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Zoned assortment of grape plantings of Russia, 170 grades for today, by their ten years' estimations by production workers and assortment researchers, as well as in other wine growing countries, it is divided into three ampelographical groups: recommended or zoned, resolved (perspective and duplicated) and temporarily resolved. It allows to be guided easily to practical workers of wine growing sub-division in the point of selection of the necessary grades and the organization of optimum industrial ampelocenoseums of any scale

Clone selection of usually zoned grades of grapes nowadays is made in all countries of the developed wine growing and this way increases not only productivity level, but also quality of raw materials. Process of clone selection is complicated by long-term finding-out of presence of changes of genotypical grade environment. For simplification of selection of a highly productive protoclone of selected grades use of the advanced methods of genetic marking of pluses-transgressions and selection of nucleotidically changed plants with a complex of high values of valuable quantitative signs is necessary

The state register of selection achievements admitted to use in manufacture is a long-term collective work of the big number of researchers and the production workers, only partially reflected in the separate printing editions resulted in the list of the literature. For today, there are 170 scion grapes grades in the register, including 76 table, 73 technical and 21 universal directions of use, and also 17 stocks. From number of scion varieties there are 109 domestic and 61 foreign, 35 native and 135 selection grades. The state registry is the basic innovation document of wine-growers used as a manual at creation of ampelocenoseums and manufacture of the most valuable production

In the article the innovations developed by the department are presented. The short characteristic of the basic forms of the bushes applied at vineyards in zones of uncovered, conditionally covered and covered vine growing is given. New energy and resource saving technologies of cultivation of grape are examined

In the article the short description of theoretical bases of vine bushes trimming, ways of trimming, methods of setting the optimum loading of a bushes when trimming, optimum terms of trimming young and fructifying plantings, key rules and techniques of trimming of bushes are specified

In this article the questions of rational placing of bushes on sites when establishing new vineyards are taken up; requirements to a planting material - to cuttings and transplants imparted and own-rooted, one-year and vegetative, technologies of their preparation for planting and planting by different ways, etc. are concerned

The article highlights the questions of a preliminary determination of vineyard yield, studying the dynam-ics of sugar content in berries, harvesting methods of handheld and mechanized grape harvesters. We have also presented color photographs of functioning har-vesters in the vineyards

The influence is shown for the race of yeasts to the dynamics of the fermentation of grape must, the composition of organic acids and aromatic of components. The races, which ensure obtaining high-quality winemakings material are presented

In this study we have shown the influence of fruitless shoots to number of berries in clusters, the mass of 100 berries, average weight of the bunch, yield, sugar content and acid in the juice of the berries, the quality of wine. These indicators have been studied at a ratio of fertile and sterile shoots 1: 1, 3: 1, 6: 1 with a load of bushes 12, 16, 20 fruit-bearing shoots and nutrition area 3 x 1 m2. Control was a natural balance of fruit-bearing and barren shoots. Digital material is processed by one-way analysis of variance experience for each load of bushes, and then the same method of two-experience for all the options. Fragmentation of sterile shoots with load of 12 fruit-bearing shoots per plant decreases, and with loads of 16 and 20 increases the number of fruit-bearing shoots berries in clusters, the mass of 100 berries, average weight of the bunch, yield, and sugar content in berries. For the content of titratable acids we have marked a tendency to increase with a decrease in the number of sterile shoots. The content of phenolic substances on the variants of the experiment was 2.2-2.3 g / dm3, the acidity of 7.3-7.8 g / dm3, alcohol 10,2-10,9% vol. Dry wines tasting score on the options was in the range of 7.4-7.6 points. Significant difference in taste and smell features wines by variants of the experiment was not revealed. Conclusions on the effect of sterile shoots on fruiting vine indicators drawn from the analysis of variance one- and two-factor experiments, in most cases were the same

The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes