Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Effects of different levels of vitamins (thiamine, pyridoxine and nicotinic acid) and macro-elements (MS, NN and PG) on development of globular, heart- and torpedo-stage embryos and plantlets with green cotyledons and on shoot production from them were studied in grapevine interspecific hybrids: cvs. ‘Bianca’, ‘Podarok Magaracha’ and ‘Intervitis Magaracha’. Pro-embryogenic calli were derived from petiole explants on solid full-strength NN medium supplemented with different levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) for each cultivar and used to initiate cell suspensions in liquid NN medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg L-1 BA. The following formulations of media were optimal for different stages of somatic embryogenesis and for plantlets with green cotyledons development: liquid NN medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 BA  for globular embryo formation; liquid HTE medium (with PG macro-elements, thiamine and pyridoxine at 5 mg L-1 each and 0.5 mg L-1 nicotinic acid): supplemented with 0.2 mg L-1 BA  for heart-stage embryo development, supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 30 mg L-1 sodium humate  for torpedo-stage embryo development and supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3)  for the growth of plantlets with green cotyledons. Solid MS medium modified by the addition of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and p-aminobenzoic acid (PAB) at 5 mg L-1 each, 0.5 mg L-1 thiamine and 0.5 mg L-1 BA was best efficient for shoot production from plantlets. Inflorescence formation in regenerated plants of cv. ‘Podarok Magaracha’ grown on solid hormone-free PG medium was induced by addition of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine and PAB at 5 mg L-1 each, 0.5 mg L-1 thiamine and 0.2 mg L-1 BA into liquid modified HTE medium for growth of plantlets with green cotyledons and into solid modified MS medium for shoot production from them.

The newest high-tech pink berry aromatic grape variety Hara selected by hybridization at the Athens Institute of Viticulture (Likovrisi, Greece) researchers P.K. Zamanidi and L.P. Troshin in 2004 by crossing the Greek varieties Avgulato with Traminer pink. According to the morphological and physiological characteristics related to the eco-geographical group of Black Sea. Growth of shoots is strong (2,1-3,0 m). Degree of ripening vines is very high (over the entire length other than top of shoot). Length of production period from bud burst to harvest 146-155 days. Productivity is very high, 25-30 t/ha. Percentage of productive shoots - 90. The average mass of clusters within 350 g. Characterized by a high winter hardiness, drought and increased resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with varieties Vitis vinifera. Hermaphrodite flower with stamens and fully developed gynoecium. Cluster medium, conical, medium density. Berry medium, spherical, pink color, with a thick waxy coating. Peel of medium thickness, dense, durable. Pulp and juice with pronounced varietal flavor of Gewurztraminer. Sugar content is very high, more than 24%. When overripening dry-curing and continuously stored on the clusters. Variety intended for the manufacture of dry white wines of excellent grade and high-quality dessert and sweet wines; suitable for production of high quality juices, compotes

The article presents historical information about the stages of gradual transformation of the first non-large wine-making institution of Crimea, organized in 1828 under the initiative of Prince M.S. Vorontsov in the natural boundary called Magarach near the Imperial Nikitsky botanical garden in the world famous Institute of Grape and Wine "Magarach" - once the chief coordinator of the research work in the field of viticulture and winemaking republics of the USSR and the main forge of scientific staff in this direction. Among the directors of the institute of the last century, there were such talented organizers as A.G. Globa, T.G. Kataryan, P.Y. Golodriga. The Institute operated a network of regional branches, created enotec with a settled in 1836 wine Muscat pink Magarach (World rarity is reflected in the Guinness book of records), the world ampelographic collection (fourth in number of samples), scientists developed area-standard assortment for production, issued 11 Volumes of "Ampelography of USSR" (awarded by OIV), designed a lot of outstanding for yield and stability varieties (Pervenets Magaracha, Ranniy Magaracha, Citron Magaracha et al.) and clones (Muscat white of Red Stone, Pinot Noir yields and others.) grapes. There was a significant contribution in the sphere of research and development of viticulture and winemaking of world, the institute was given an international prestige and this led to establishing the base of the General Assembly of the OIV - International Organization of Grape and Wine, the International Symposium on the selection of wine-town, several international wine tasting competitions and International finest examples of table grapes

The article gives an overview of the results of studies on indigenous grape varieties of the Republic of Abkhazia and the identification of their agro-biological characteristics

The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes

In this study we have shown the influence of fruitless shoots to number of berries in clusters, the mass of 100 berries, average weight of the bunch, yield, sugar content and acid in the juice of the berries, the quality of wine. These indicators have been studied at a ratio of fertile and sterile shoots 1: 1, 3: 1, 6: 1 with a load of bushes 12, 16, 20 fruit-bearing shoots and nutrition area 3 x 1 m2. Control was a natural balance of fruit-bearing and barren shoots. Digital material is processed by one-way analysis of variance experience for each load of bushes, and then the same method of two-experience for all the options. Fragmentation of sterile shoots with load of 12 fruit-bearing shoots per plant decreases, and with loads of 16 and 20 increases the number of fruit-bearing shoots berries in clusters, the mass of 100 berries, average weight of the bunch, yield, and sugar content in berries. For the content of titratable acids we have marked a tendency to increase with a decrease in the number of sterile shoots. The content of phenolic substances on the variants of the experiment was 2.2-2.3 g / dm3, the acidity of 7.3-7.8 g / dm3, alcohol 10,2-10,9% vol. Dry wines tasting score on the options was in the range of 7.4-7.6 points. Significant difference in taste and smell features wines by variants of the experiment was not revealed. Conclusions on the effect of sterile shoots on fruiting vine indicators drawn from the analysis of variance one- and two-factor experiments, in most cases were the same

The influence is shown for the race of yeasts to the dynamics of the fermentation of grape must, the composition of organic acids and aromatic of components. The races, which ensure obtaining high-quality winemakings material are presented

The article highlights the questions of a preliminary determination of vineyard yield, studying the dynam-ics of sugar content in berries, harvesting methods of handheld and mechanized grape harvesters. We have also presented color photographs of functioning har-vesters in the vineyards

In this article the questions of rational placing of bushes on sites when establishing new vineyards are taken up; requirements to a planting material - to cuttings and transplants imparted and own-rooted, one-year and vegetative, technologies of their preparation for planting and planting by different ways, etc. are concerned

In the article the short description of theoretical bases of vine bushes trimming, ways of trimming, methods of setting the optimum loading of a bushes when trimming, optimum terms of trimming young and fructifying plantings, key rules and techniques of trimming of bushes are specified