№ 108(4), April, 2015
Date issued: 30.04.2015
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Recently, the process of monetization of the evaluation of scientific activity was initiated, and there is a need for quantitative methods and comparable assessment of the effectiveness and quality of work of a scientist. There are numerous methods to reward for these results. What is common to all these techniques covered is the role of the Hirsch index or h-index. By itself, this index is well founded. However, in connection with the practice of application of h-index in our environment in the minds of the scientific community it has started some kind of mania, which the author proposes to call "Hirsch-mania". This mania is characterized by elevated unhealthy interest to the value of the Hirsch index, especially inadequate artificial exaggeration of this value, as well as a number of negative implications of this interest. In this article we have made an attempt to briefly describe some of the negative effects of this new mental infection that hit the public consciousness of the scientific community. And also we want to identify ways of overcoming at least some of their causes. This is the problem solved in this work. To solve the formulated problem, we propose to apply multi-criteria approach based on information theory, namely those options, which are implemented in an automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tools - intelligent system called "Eidos
In this article we consider a mathematical model of effect of non-compliance with the prevention of HIV/AIDS among a heterogeneous population based on known model by Kimbir et al (2006). The effectiveness of a condom use and implications of non-compliance with a population of preventive measures (condoms) are the aim of this research work. In this work, with definite coefficients, nonlinear model is used, which consists of system of six differential equations for different population groups (six groups of the population) to obtain the model equations. Compared with the existing model by Kimbir, the proposed model to a large extent, takes into account the birth rate of the studied population. Numerical simulation of the model equations shows that reducing the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS can be effectively achieved within a certain time, and only where relatively high condom efficacy and high compliance by susceptible and infected are observed. From the obtained results, we can see that the control of HIV/AIDS in the heterosexual population depends on the net compliance and effectiveness of the recommended prevention (condom use). As a recommendation, the model focuses on intensive training and ongoing campaigns to raise the awareness of the population by governmental and non-governmental agencies on the effective use of the condom
Small business is an important part of modern Russian economy. We give a wide panorama developed by us of possible approaches to the construction of economic-mathematical models that may be useful to describe the dynamics of small businesses, as well as management. As for the description of certain problems of small business can use a variety of types of economic-mathematical and econometric models, we found it useful to consider a fairly wide range of such models, which resulted in quite a short description of the specific models. In this description of the models brought to such a level that an experienced professional in the field of economic-mathematical modeling could, if necessary, to develop their own specific model to the stage of design formulas and numerical results. Particular attention is paid to the use of statistical methods of non-numeric data, the most pressing at the moment. Are considered the problems of economic-mathematical modeling in solving problems of small business marketing. We have accumulated some experience in application of the methodology of economic-mathematical modeling in solving practical problems in small business marketing, in particular in the field of consumer goods and industrial purposes, educational services, as well as in the analysis and modeling of inflation, taxation and others. In marketing models of decision making theory we apply rankings and ratings. Is considered the problem of comparing averages. We present some models of the life cycle of small businesses - flow model projects, model of capture niches, and model of niche selection. We discuss the development of research on economic-mathematical modeling of small businesses
Some estimators of the probability density function in spaces of arbitrary nature are used for various tasks in statistics of non-numerical data. Systematic exposition of the theory of such estimators had a start in our work [2]. This article is a direct continuation of the article [2]. We will regularly use references to conditions and theorems of the article [2], in which we introduced several types of nonparametric estimators of the probability density. We studied more linear estimators. In this article we consider particular cases - kernel density estimates in spaces of arbitrary nature. When estimating the density of the one-dimensional random variable, kernel estimators become the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimators. Asymptotic behavior of kernel density estimators in the general case of an arbitrary nature spaces are devoted to Theorem 1 - 8. Under different conditions we prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of kernel density estimators. We have studied uniform convergence. We have introduced the concept of "preferred rate differences" and studied nuclear density estimators based on it. We have also introduced and studied natural affinity measures which are used in the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of kernel density estimators. We have found the asymptotic behavior of dispersions of kernel density estimators and considered the examples including kernel density estimators in finite-dimensional spaces and in the space of square-integrable functions
In this article we propose a method that uses the apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets, together with the five-factor model of Altman in assessing the creditworthiness of an enterprise. Altman's model works in two ways: It applies the root mean square (RMS) integral approximation for the exact calculation of quantitative assessment of creditworthiness (probability of bankruptcy), and using the device of fuzzy sets for ordered sets by the degree of confidence in the resulting probability. In this paper we conducted simulation procedure for the credit assessment and showed the capabilities of the model. The model input parameters , forms system inputs (input variables), allowing you to get the value of the parameter z of Altman. With the help of Altman's model, approximating function L6, the decision function I(p) and the algorithm for calculating preference we obtain the number of the set i to which belongs a number of ordered sets as fuzzy logic . On the selected simulation parameters, stable statistics can be obtained. Altman's model with the use of computational function allows real values of the input parameters of the enterprise replaced by random values of the simulation model. This technique allows, as shown by the results of computational experiments, the creditor to obtain additional information on the creditworthiness of the investigated enterprise and make a more informed conclusion about its financial condition, which speeds up the decision on the possibility of issuing the required credit. The development of method of estimating fuzzy logic can be applied to other models of assessing the creditworthiness of a company: Davydov's model, Zaitseva's, Saifullina's, Kadykova's and others with appropriate modification
Metric describing the accelerated and rotating reference system in general relativity in the case of an arbitrary dependence of acceleration and angular velocity on time has been proposed. It is established that the curvature tensor in such metrics is zero, which corresponds to movement in the flat spaces. It is shown that the motion of test bodies in the metric accelerated and rotating reference system in general relativity is similarly to the classical motion in non-inertial reference frame. Maxwell's equations and Yang-Mills theory are converted to the moving axes in metric describes the acceleration and rotating reference frame in the general relativity in the case of an arbitrary dependence of acceleration and angular velocity of the system from time. The article discusses the known effects associated with acceleration and (or) the rotation of the reference frame - the Sagnac effect, the effect of the Stewart-Tolman and other similar effects. The numerical model of wave propagation in non-inertial reference frames in the case when potential depending of one, two and three spatial dimensions has been developed. It has been shown in numerical experiment that the acceleration of the reference system leads to retardation effects, as well as to a violation of the symmetry of the wave front, indicating that there is local change of wave speed
In the article we consider integrative codes of the elements of discrete systems for the first time. It is shown that these codes in the general case divided into group and system parts. The group part of the code characterizes a set of elements with identical value of the sign as a whole. System part of the code appears when different sets are combined into the system. We have established that in using the weighted average of these parts of integrative code we can express information measures of combinatorial, probabilistic and synergistic approaches to determine the quantity of information. It is concluded that there is an integrative coding relationship between these approaches, and the existing types of information have genetic relationship. It is shown that the information considered in the synergetic approach is genetically of primary in relation to the information, which operates on the combinatorial and probabilistic approaches. Also, we have answered the question why the different conceptions of information lead to identical formulas to measure it
Life Sciences
In herbaceous communities of annual crops dominate clean sowings, which are characterized by high productivity. However, it is very poorly adapted, different weak transformation of matter and energy and stronger exposed to stressful situations as compared to natural systems. In agroecosystems only structural diversity can supporting many processes on a much aligned level. In agrolandscape system creates mixed sowings that are practiced in forage production of many areas. Great importance is the selection of crops for joint sowing because the relationship of species in created systems are poorly investigated and documented in the literature is not enough. Investigations were carried out on experimental plots on the farm called "Zavety Ilyicha" of the Leningrad district and training farm called "Kuban" in Krasnodar. Formation of joint sowings in different moistening conditions, level of fertility, chemical and physical condition of the soil is a very big problem. Cultivation of different cultures in joint sowings significantly influences the terms the onset of main phases of vegetation in certain species. For example, the placement of sorghum between rows of soybean noticeably extended the period of its vegetation (5-7 days); acceleration of interphase periods was marked for amaranth; height of plant noticeably was changed, leaf area was varied, indicator of competitive features of individual species was differed. The existence of the relationship between the method of sowing crops, their farming practices and composition of species and population of microflora, mesofauna of soil, yield of dry matter and grain was observed
Studies of ecosystems allow estimation of difficult processes (physical, chemical and biological), taking place in them and determine how to manage them. At the heart of the natural systems there are freely interacting populations of different taxons, productivity of their above-ground structures, details of which are quite limited, and as underground systems, the data have even less information. In the late 60s and early 70s in the XX century a lot of information appeared associated with problems of environment, its pollution, lack of energy of food resources, clean water; it determined the root cause of the reaction of the population of developed countries on the aggravation of relations between society of people and habitat. Existed for a long time the concept of the exploitation of nature, which reflected on using soils, forests, water and other sources and which showed the power of mankind and its technical power over nature. In reality, this concept was just a common strategy of aphids sucking their environment. Understanding the real situation on the different levels of consciousness of the population defined situation of practical and scientific research in the field of ecology of different directions - chemical, biological, mathematical and other sciences. Development of ecology today will evolve to meet conservation and sustainable development of the biosphere, which experiencing constant anthropogenic pressure. An important problem of agrolandscape systems is an objective assessment of their productivity. Among the issues that determine the development of agricultural systems there are the natural conditions and soil fertility, crop dynamics over the years, the duration of the growing season of individual taxons, as well as the possibility of create of mixed crops, different type of life form, ecological features, physiological diversity of biochemical characteristics. Sowings this type allow, under certain conditions, obtaining stable yields under any climate dynamics and significant reduction of soil erosion. Combined sowing that is practiced in South East Asia, particularly in China, where the main components are the soybean and corn. The usefulness of mixed crops is the stability of yields over the years and the ability to emphasize their resistance to dry weather conditions
The article presents results of the study of lavender reproduction (Lavandula angustifolia Mill) with methods of generative reproduction (seeds), vegetative reproduction (cutting, layening, divide of buch), clonal microreproduction using the culture in vitro.
The method of cloned microreproduction based on the culture of the isolated meristems which provides genetic identity of regenerated plants to initial forms and high coefficients of reproduction, improvement of landing material from fungal and bacterial infection, and also release from viruses at a combination with methods of thermotherapy and a chemotherapy is the most effective for the solution of objectives of seed farming of a lavender. As a material for carrying out researches we had plants of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill), Sineva sorts, Stepnaya and perspective selection samples 337-9 and 310-17. Apical meristems 0,2-1,0 mm high isolated from top and axilary buds of a stalk of annual plants have been used as explant. Murasige and Skuga (MS) used as a basic nutrient medium for cultivation of the isolated meristems. Explants have been cultivated in the cultural room with 25-26 0C - temperature, lighting – 2-3 lx, relative humidity – 60-70%. It has been established that both April and October are the best month for isolation of meristems correspond calendar to phases of spring and autumn growth at the lavender donor plants and that optimum is an agar nutrient medium of MS, added with kinetin (1,0 mg/l) and GC (1,0 mg/l); frequency of regeneration of all studied genotypes was 90,0-100,0 %. Feature of morphogenesis of lavender meristems in vitro culture was already at the first stage of clonal microreproduction as there was a multiple shoot formation. Studying of features of development of lavender microplants during ten passages also was carried out, as the level of stability of regeneration processes throughout several cycles of a miсrograftage is one of important factors on which efficiency of microreproduction depends. We have also shown, that the efficiency of reproduction remains at the stable level of the sort named Sineva and sample #337-9 to the 8th passage (1:7,77-12,45 and 1:7,60-11,85 respectively), at the variety called Stepnaya - to the 7th passage (1:6,10-11,81), at the sample #310-17 - to the 6th passage (1:6,17-8,37)
This article is devoted to treatment effects of cuttings
of a grape variety called Moldova with 0.01% solution
of heteroauxin on their regenerative capacity,
depending on the light conditions. We have established
that the germination of cuttings in the dark, as well as
the treatment of heteroauxin significantly stimulate
their regenerative abilities. The length of the shoots,
regardless of the use of heteroauxin, depends on the
mode of the light produced during the germination of
cuttings. In both studies, the length of the shoots on the
end of experiment cuttings germinated in the dark, was
1,71-2,66 times more than when germinated in the
light. Cuttings rooting ability also largely depends on
the light produced in their germination. In both studies,
the rooting of cuttings started earlier and passed more
rapidly during their germination in the dark.
Processing cuttings with heteroauxin, followed by
germination in the dark, speeded up the formation of
roots even more, compared with the case where the
cuttings treated with heteroauxin germinated in the
light. In the best case rooting increased by 42,5-47,5%,
the number of roots on basal ends of cuttings in 18,3-
18,5 times, the numbers of cuttings with 3 or more
roots to 72,5-80,0%
The essential part of a soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is occupied by gray forest soils. Thus they still remain a little studied, including concerning their resistance to chemical pollution. Contamination of gray forest soils of Adygea with Zn, Cd, Mo, Se causes deterioration of their biological properties. In most cases, the degree of reduction of the values of biological indicators is directly dependent on the concentration of pollutant in the soil. According to the degree of toxicity to the biological properties of the investigated elements form the following sequence: Se > Zn > = Cd > Mo. Biological parameters investigated in research (activity of catalase and dehydrogenase, cellulolytic ability, abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, radish root length) may be used for purposes of monitoring, diagnosis and regulation of chemical pollution of gray forest soils Zn, Cd, Mo, Se
This article is devoted to the study of small mammal communities (species composition, daily activity and spatial distribution) in the agrocoenosis. The fields of winter crops that were surrounded by similar fields or by winter crops with meadow vegetation were researched. The Mus musculus became the dominant species in the winter crops agrocoenosis. The R. Sylvaemus living near the border with field-protective forest belts (and 25 meters field around) are subdominant group. Marked single finds Mus musculus in the forest and R. Sylvaemus in the field (at a distance before 50 meters). It is shown that the presence of meadow vegetation increases the species diversity of mice in the agrocoenosis. In the middle of this field a subdominantion group is Microtus arvalis s.l. and Cricetulus migratorius. The both species prefer a neighborhood with meadow vegetation. The method of recapture, followed by labeling with animals, made it possible to fix the movement for a distance of about 400 m. during the night (maximum values were males Mus musculus). The activity of small mammals in the winter crops was timed to coincide with the day-night cycles, with high activity from 01:00 to 04:00 am, and minimum activity after 09:00 hours of the morning before 08:00 pm
The results of the study presented showed that predator mite Ph. persimilis exhibited high food preference of the larval stage (30,2% of the total number consumed) compared to the egg (20,5%), nymph (13,4%) and adult (10,1%) stages of two spotted spider mite T. urticae. The functional response of Ph. persimilis feeding on eggs and adults of T. urticae was described by the Type II curve. At a maximum density of 60 prey per leaf disc, Ph. persimilis consumed an average of 22.8 eggs and 3.2 adults over an eight-hour period. Calculated time for handling of the prey by Ph. persimilis was on the average 0.074 hours (4.4 minutes) and 3.2 hours for T. urticae eggs and adults respectively. The mean number of T. urticae eggs consumed by Ph. persimilis progressively increased with the increase of the prey density, but the rate of predation (number of eggs consumed/prey density) decreased from 0.5 to 0.3 with the increasing of prey density. The mean number of adult T. urticae consumed by Ph. persimilis at densities of 20, 40 and 60 per leaf disk remained relatively constant. But the rate of predation decreased from 0.09 to 0.04 with increasing of prey density. The experiments showed that regardless of the strategy utilized by the predator it was the one that was efficient for the predator survival
In the article we have described the history of the studies and the modern features of fish community of the Black sea's river Durso (the length 14 km). It was established, that in present time the river includes only seven species of fishes from three ecological groups: freshwater (five species), saltwater (one specie) and marine (one specie). A bleack (Alburnus alburnus) and Colchis minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus) dominate by quantity in the structure of Durso river fish community, bleack and Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) dominate by biomass.
The negative changes of Durso river conditions were found in compare with the last years. First of all, it appears in biological pollution of fish species allochthonous for this river. In the period of the Durso river monitoring (1935–2014) it was established the distinct raise of allochthonous components with parallel reduce of variety of autochthonous fresh waters rheophilic species. The main reason is the building of reservoir in upper flow of the Durso river in 1976. The additional negative factor influence on of the Durso river fish community is the falling down of the water level during the important period of fish lifecycle. The best condition of fish community is in the middle part of the river were reaches combine with the cold springs and powerful flow
Physical Sciences and Engineering
We have analyzed patterns of change in deformations at frost penetration depending on the humidity, density and concentration of the salt solution pore of CaCI2
We have analyzed patterns of change in deformations at frost penetration depending on the humidity, density and concentration of the salt solution pore NaCI
Physical Sciences and Engineering
In Russia, as well as in foreign practice, classic yogurts are more required. Depending on the value of imported dry starters, the proposed technology allowing reduction in their quantities in yogurt technology is very crucial. It will affect the cost of the finished products. In yogurt technology, the possibility of using physical techniques, with the purpose of intensifying the process of producing yogurt, is very little reflected. Pre-activation of the leaven by electromagnetic field – lower frequency before fermenting in the production of yogurt is one of the technological tricks that speed up the fermenting process and reduce the quantity of starters. The advantage of the proposed technology is its ease of implementation, not requiring additional cost of electricity and also enhanced maximum reduction of additional chemicals which are used as raw materials to create a special environment for the growth of microorganisms belonging to the leaven. In this work, the overview of the existing principles for accelerating the fermentation process of milk is given. In this work, the research results of accelerating technology of fermenting milk for yogurt are presented. Mathematical process of experimental data enables the optimization, fermentation process using leaven FD-DVS YF-L812 10Yo-Flex. The optimal temperature and duration for the maximum acceleration of the process of obtaining yogurt at a given frequency of electromagnetic field are identified. We have given organoleptic characteristics of yoghurt prepared using the activated ferment
Тhe article presents an investigation of hydrodynamic mixer for biodiesel production from vegetable oils hyperacidity in the conditions of agricultural companies. The process of hydrodynamic mixer which mixes the flow of biofuels from jatropha oil with carbon dioxide to wash it. The regularities of disclosing the relationship of the parameters (diameter and length of the mixing chamber), the mode (the pressure and flow rate) from the medium (dynamic viscosity, density, elasticity) to the energy characteristics of the process (mixing power on). Based on the method of similarity and dimensions of physical quantities obtained criterion turbulence. A reduction in the flow pressure and agitation power with increasing diameter. We have justified the mode (pressure at the nozzle exit corresponds to the critical), in which the carbon dioxide gets into the mixing chamber properties of liquids, solutions for biofuels, and the mixture becomes a quasi-homogeneous. Based criteria of regime change from a supersonic flow in the subsonic, allowed us to determine the condition of quasi-homogeneity of the mixture. It is proved that we form a supersonic flow liquid-gas at the same time it is transformed into subsonic, accompanied by the acoustic cavitation effect leap remixing due to isentropic pressure jump. The article justifies the physics of cavitation effects of carbon dioxide on biofuels, result of which is to improve the physical and chemical properties of the medium due to the structuring of the molecules of the solution, which has a positive effect on the mixing
The article deals with the issue of patent search of mechanization for the main-processin you with a turnover of reservoir devices carry it out-ment, identified problems existing in the given-term technological operation. The ways of solving them and their implementation are shown. We describe two possible variants, making patent search using two search engines FIPS and FINDPATENT. We have shown the closest in design and type of patents that answer the main question which is tillage, the ways of influencing the process of improving tillage with a turnover of reservoir and definition of the design for further examination. This article has applied nature and is aimed at improving trend constructions of arable unit to improve the quality performance. We have proposed and presented a design of reversible ploughs and its body to moldboard tillage. When using a system of rational agriculture, we comply with all management practices of the application of modern energy-saving technology, the goal will be reached - increasing crop yields with less expenses
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL SYSTEM PREVENTING LEAKAGE OF PROTECTED INFORMATION USING KNOWLEDGE BASES
The article deals with the problem of increasing the efficiency of the control and prevention of leakage of confidential information circulating within the organization, and in cooperation with the information networks of general use through the development of intelligent system of pragmatic identification of confidential information. The main purpose of this system is to develop early detection, prevention and localization (minimization) of the risks associated with violation of the order of processing, storage and transmission of confidential information. The article presents an approach to the organization of the knowledge base of intelligent system of pragmatic identification of information of a confidential nature, using two models of knowledge representation. We have defined a subject field to meet the challenges of which the intelligent system was meant for. The article describes the ontological model of knowledge representation used for formal representation of domain concepts in the knowledge base. It presents an indicator of exactness of meaning reference to a concept of domain meaning. The article describes a confidence index for each rule from the rule base that characterizes the measure of the likelihood of a conclusion when a rule implemented. It presents a general structure of the rules base, conditions of execution of each rule of conclusion. To accelerate the work of intelligent system a parallel search for the rules in the knowledge base is to be applied. In conclusion, the algorithm of parallel search is described
Currently, for producers of mineral fertilizers one of the main tasks is the process of creating a supply chain of mineral fertilizers delivery to agricultural consumers, running on a «Just-in-time» way. The effective operation of such a supply chain has to be influenced by many factors, including: the technology of agricultural production, seasonality of agricultural work, the structure of the distribution channel of mineral fertilizers, the geographical features of consumers, the availability of appropriate infrastructure, etc. Critical elements of the infrastructure are warehouses and equipment for storage of mineral fertilizers, as well as the road network. For example, farms in the Rostov region were analyzed for the infrastructure necessary for the successful supply of mineral fertilizer agricultural consumers. It was found that the capacity of warehouses and facilities for the storage of mineral fertilizers and distribution of cultivated areas between agricultural enterprises of different size are diametrically opposed. The process of delivery of mineral fertilizers need to be developed taking into account the shortage or complete lack of storage capacity for their storage, especially for small enterprises. The existing road network, with paved allows us to deliver of mineral fertilizers virtually all consumers by road transport. This dictates the feasibility of delivery of mineral fertilizers to consumers by road transport in soft containers (Big Bags), allowing the storage in the open air
Efficient dairy cattle breeding are largely dependent from technology content and service animals. Most farms use a tethered way content. With this method of milking, the technology requires the introduction of new techniques to increase productivity on the farm and cost reduction of dairy products. The most rational is improving the design of existing milking machines. Regarded device for automatic removal of hanging part of a milking machine, its structure and working principle. The main unit of the device is a pneumatic motor that operates from the vacuum system of the milking plant. In the housing mounted on the shaft of the pneumatic motor rotor with curved vanes, there are magnetic elements. These elements should have the necessary geometrical and force parameters to ensure the normal operation of the device for automatic removal of hanging part of milking machine. The article describes a laboratory research and an analysis of the magnetic elements. In laboratory studies, we have revealed a dependence of the traction capacity of pneumatic motor from linear and power parameters of the magnetic elements, as well as established necessary geometric parameters and the magnetic field strength of the elements for normal operation
For explaining the regulatory mechanisms of biological the methods of classical biology, chemistry and physics are clearly inadequate, since the structure and function of these mechanisms are determined by the motion of the electron clouds in conjugated molecules. This "movement" can lead eventually to a complex organization called life only if they are subject to certain static laws and, therefore, may eventually be known in all the complexity of their relationships. Biological objects, resulting in the evolution of the environment, are like a part of that environment. Information stored in the seed, based in its deployment on energy and material resources of the environment. Moreover, in the process of development body derives more information from the environment. Nature has the extreme complexity and diversity. Examples include a huge variety of organisms, the complexity of atomic processes, the structure of the solar system and the stellar galaxies. There are four types of different interactions with the help of which we describe all physical phenomena. Today, it seems to us that all the various manifestations of the nature of elementary particles are reduced to the action between them of these four kinds of forces. The most famous of these are the gravitational Zion and electromagnetic forces, which are directly manifested in the world around us. Gravity allows us to stay on the Earth and allows planets to stay in their orbits. Electromagnetic interactions of electrons inside atoms and molecules cause all known chemical and physical properties of ordinary solids, liquids and gases and, in addition, are the basis of all of the processes occurring in living organisms. Research in the field of magneto proved that the biological systems are selectively susceptible to the action of electromagnetic fields as a function of their intensity, exposure time and frequency
Brazes with increased viscosity are needed for brazing of abrasive diamond tools with working surface of complex contoured shape. It’s known that high viscosity is a property of composite brazes consisting of fusible matrix and refractory filler that is not melting during brazing. Goal of the work is to research the influence of refractory fillers on the process of composite brazing of diamond-abrasive tools and on that basis discover the optimal composition of braze. Composite brazes Sn-Cu-Co were researched in the work. It is determined that at least 26-28% (by mass) of cobalt powder should be included in brazes for giving the braze Sn-Cu-Co necessary viscosity and for creation of uniform diamond-comprising layers with thickness up to 2.5 mm on the vertical layers and sharp edges of tools. It is determined that solid-state sintering of powders on the initial stage of heating the composite braze leads to emerging of internal stresses and forming cracks. Inert additions that prevent solid-state sintering should be include in braze to prevent cracking. Optimal inert addition for brazes Sn-Cu-Co is the tungsten powder. Minimum content of tungsten needed to prevent cracking is 6% (by mass). Optimal content of components in composition braze for brazing shaped diamond-abrasive tools is (% by mass): 30 Co, 20 Sn, 43 Cu, 7 W
The article explains the importance of the transport process when performing repair jobs of asphalt roads. The scheme of the technological process was drawn up; job steps were identified, while the latter may be characterized by non-productive downtime of transport as well as that one of technological machines. We have analyzed the following steps of the flowchart of the road concrete mix transportation: the preparation of the road concrete mix for transportation, loading, transportation, unloading, laying and packing. The transportation of goods starts at the working site of their production and ends at the site of their consumption. The transportation process is a multistep and multioperational process having the greater diversity of technological, operational and economic operations, which must be correctly organized. It is extremely important to deliver the road concrete mix of coating plant (OP) just in time, while avoiding the unproductive idle standing of the equipment, the deterioration of the mixture, as well as performing the job steps at minimum transportation cost savings. The successful combining of the steps of the concept organization of the road concrete mix transportation (coating plant, asphalt laying step, transportation step) will improve the performance and will provide the reduction of the job cost. One must perform the coordination of job steps on different road sections using information technologies and communication facility
We’ve illustrated assessment of energy-loading of disk-pad brakes of the bus A172 in the preliminary stages of tests type I and II according to regulated standards of UNECE and we’ve established regularities of heat exchange processes in the interaction surfaces of solid and self-ventilated brake discs with high-speed currents of washing air
Based on the previous investigations we have underlined the need to increase fruit and vegetables preservation quality while transporting them from the producer to the consumer at the expense of improving the road transport operation for its intended purpose. We have made a conclusion about the need to develop strategies for maintenance and repair as for the actual technical state at the expense of developing the diagnosis system based on the development of a math model of changing the technical state of the diagnosis object, developing a method of rational set of objects to be diagnosed and determining the technical state optimal control frequency. We have confirmed that the above mentioned is possible when considering the system of technical operation of road transport as an organization-production system and applying the engineering-cybernetic approach to improve this system. We have considered the basic requirements for the efficiency indexes when investigating and improving the operation system that will allow achieving the aim we have had and can be described mathematically. We have made a conclusion about the urgency of the issue we studied and the possibility to develop the efficient operation system of road transport based on the provided criteria
The article covers the basics of thermodynamics and the possibility of the application of its provisions to the basic biological entity - the cell under the influence of external electromagnetic fields. Thus, we consider a system whose properties do not change in time, if it does not occur on the external influences. If the system is subjected to such (mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic and other effects), then all its properties, or some of them are changing. If at least one property of the system changes, we will talk about changing the status of the system due to the fact that there was some process. From the point of view of external electromagnetic fields on the thermodynamic system - a cell of a living organism or plant is very important essence of the concept of work. Unlike conventional concepts of the work of expansion (pdV), which is not considered to be useful, we have introduced the concept of "useful" work dA /, which means the operation of the electric current, magnetic field or other physical fields in the design of various electrical devices and appliances used in livestock and crop. The impact of electromagnetic fields on biological objects also leads to a slight increase in temperature of the biological system and, as a consequence, it increases the rate of chemical and biochemical reactions and phase transitions, which is reflected in the increased activity of the biochemical processes in these objects. This, to some extent can explain numerous experimental results of scholars and practitioners concerned with stimulating crops, for example, during preplant treatments
The article deals with one of the promising areas belonging to energy-saving technologies; it is the introduction of biogasoline stations into agricultural production. The analysis of the application in the world has been shown. To determine the cost-effectiveness of biogasoline stations we have shown the data for the calculation of the potential of biomass: organic waste settlements; animal waste; waste of poultry; crop residues; waste processing industry. We have obtained graphic dependences of electricity generated in the day from livestock and poultry, as well as the number of sunflower, rice, and sugar beets. The table also shows the thermal properties of organic agricultural wastes, allowing increasing the efficiency of calculations to determine the biomass resources. We have considered the schemes of biogasoline stations, a gas turbine power plant and a steam turbine power plant and disclosed the features of their work. To improve the operating and technical specifications of the stations intended for power generation we have proposed using non-contact generators and stabilization of parameters of electric power in their designs to carry out direct frequency converter. We have disclosed the advantages and disadvantages of biogas, as well as the direction of its effective use. It is shown that the use of all the possibilities in the complex of biogasoline stationns (production of fertilizers and motor oil, production of heat and electricity) would improve the efficiency and the payback of investment would be from 3 to 5 years, which is mainly determined by the volumes of biomass
Protective forest plantations, shelter belts and plantings along the highways of Central - Black Earth region and southern Russia are badly damaged, and in some areas destroyed. Therefore, they can not perform their functions and require major reconstruction or restoration. The most resistant and applicable trees and shrubs to create protective forest plantings are: maple, ash, elm species and three-thorned acacia, honey-locust, white and yellow acacia, and other legumes breeds with high drought tolerance, disease resistance, technogenic pollution and pest damage. For the creation and restoration of protective forest plantations we require seeds of these species containing pericarp. In Voronezh State Forestry Academy we have carried out a scientific research for creation of a machine for extracting seeds from the legumes. Analysis of the results of scientific research of prototyping machines showed that they were made without considered technological and mechanical properties of the legumes theoretical researches workflow machines for extracting seeds from the legumes and scientific basis of design parameters and operating modes. In this article we have a presentation of the experimental sample of the machine for extracting seeds from the legumes and theoretical investigation of the workflow in the batch hopper. According to the results of the study, we have obtained a mathematical expression, which allows you to define the parameters and modes of operation of a brush-grater device
The level of technical development today requires the creation of highly effective, including reliable, uninter-rupted power supply systems. We have shown modern requirements and design features of modern systems of uninterruptible power supply, which should be built on a modular principle. It is shown that the problem of synthesis of systems in a modular approach is addressing three issues: development of the structure of the system subject to the requirements of consumers to quality of power and the allowable time of power outage; determining the required level redundancy of major functional units (blocks, elements) to ensure the required reliability of the system; - ensuring the most effective interconnection of modules, including electromagnetic compatibility, and the rational use during normal and emergency operation of the system. We have proposed new structural solution of the main functional units and uninterrupted power supply systems in modular design. To reduce EMI and improve efficiency uninterruptible power supply systems in the design of static converters we need to use a transformer with a rotating magnetic field. In addition, the prospective current is to be used as a source of renewable energy. Another promising approach is the use of direct frequency converters as voltage stabilizers and frequency of the current
Promising is the direction and, above all, in matters of energy saving and energy efficiency of Autonomous systems of power supply, the use of renewable sources-newable energy as a major source of energy for consumers in remote areas. Here priority is given to solar energy. Since solar radiation can be change place not only in heat and electrical. The article contains three main structural schematics of electricity supply with solar power plants. The features of their work are disclosed, as well as an algorithm for calculating solar energy systems, the sequence of which is to define the required parameters, the daily energy consumption by consumers of electric power, the calculation capacity of the battery, the choice of the inverter and determining the area of solar batteries. The article reveals the conditions that affect the calculation of the PV system. It is shown that the greatest efficiency, including economic and reliability we have at combined (hybrid) Autonomous system, which was carried out with both solar power and wind power and gas stations. The important matters of improving the reliability of solar systems are the introduction to the design of a new element of the base, and first and foremost, Autonomous inventors performed on a single-phase transformer with a rotating magnetic field
Life Sciences
The research about effectiveness of ammonium
nitrate with sowing and in phase of corn 5-6 leaves and row spacing cultivation before straw mulching was done in 2011-2013. The scheme of trial
included the variants with straw mulching and
without it. The variants without fertilizers and with small doses of them on background without mulching gave higher yield of cobs milk maturity then with mulching. But variants with maximum fertilizers (with sowing N30 and in phase of corn 5-6 leaves N30) gave maximum yield of cobs milk maturity 16,4 t/ha that is higher then similar variant without mulching for 1,7 t/ha. These results were confirmed by analysis of characters of growth and development of corn plants, productivity, and economic effectiveness. Therefore, net profit on variant with fertilizers with sowing N30 and additional fertilizing N30 on background of straw mulching increased for 75490 rubles for 1 ha in comparison with similar variant without mulching. The profitability on the best variant was 335 %
In this study we have shown the influence of fruitless shoots to number of berries in clusters, the mass of 100 berries, average weight of the bunch, yield, sugar content and acid in the juice of the berries, the quality of wine. These indicators have been studied at a ratio of fertile and sterile shoots 1: 1, 3: 1, 6: 1 with a load of bushes 12, 16, 20 fruit-bearing shoots and nutrition area 3 x 1 m2. Control was a natural balance of fruit-bearing and barren shoots. Digital material is processed by one-way analysis of variance experience for each load of bushes, and then the same method of two-experience for all the options. Fragmentation of sterile shoots with load of 12 fruit-bearing shoots per plant decreases, and with loads of 16 and 20 increases the number of fruit-bearing shoots berries in clusters, the mass of 100 berries, average weight of the bunch, yield, and sugar content in berries. For the content of titratable acids we have marked a tendency to increase with a decrease in the number of sterile shoots. The content of phenolic substances on the variants of the experiment was 2.2-2.3 g / dm3, the acidity of 7.3-7.8 g / dm3, alcohol 10,2-10,9% vol. Dry wines tasting score on the options was in the range of 7.4-7.6 points. Significant difference in taste and smell features wines by variants of the experiment was not revealed. Conclusions on the effect of sterile shoots on fruiting vine indicators drawn from the analysis of variance one- and two-factor experiments, in most cases were the same
Farms of Krasnodar region purchase cattle of milk, combined and meat direction of productivity. Imported cattle are accompanied with documents which differ from analogous ones specified in such cases by pedigree service of Russia. There were studied 1000 heads of symmental cattle of milk-meat direction of productivity imported from Austria. More than 5000 kg of milk can be obtained from cattle of symmental breed of milk-meat direction of productivity, except it they show enough high meat productivity. The analysis of accompanying documents on purchased cattle is joined not only with language barrier but with the lack of knowledge of adopted abbreviations, contractions and other attributes used by foreign breeders abroad. Having studied the accompanying documents connected with hereditary information of purchased cattle there was determined that imported heifers and their mothers were obtained in Austria, and mothers of bulls on 55,5% obtained in Austria and 41,6% in Germany. So, on formation of imported micropopulation of cattle greatly influenced the breeding school of Germany. In accordance with the adopted classification in Austria due to revealed cases of adoption of Holstein blood, there is a ground to consider the present herd as a belonging to the group of pure breed of symmental cattle and in prospect to conduct the mating of cattle with pure breed symmental oxen with the aim of absorption of mixtures of Holstein blood in pedigree. The researches determined that one can purchase the producers with characteristics of milk productivity at daughters of oxen not lower than Austrian indexes on voluminous milking and German – on milk quality, the purchase of symmental cattle from other countries must be subjected to this demand.
The process of the presowing seed treatment with alternating electromagnet field of the commercial frequency (EMF CF) 50 Hz is economically efficient. The use of the EMF CF 50 Hz in the unit with ring pole pieces allows increasing the germinating energy and power. The electromagnet seed treatment in the units with ring pole pieces is the perspective process of the presowing treatment which does not make unhealthy influence on the operating personnel. At the presowing treatment we have to take into account three factors, they are the arrangement of seeds in the working chamber, the time of treatment and the seed humidity. In this article the authors recommend to promote the unit consisting of a magnetic circuit with ring pole pieces of the rectangular cross-section, a magnetizing coil and an embedding of the non-magnetic material in the working chamber which allows increasing the germinating energy of spring barley by 10% and the germination by 7%. As field experiences have shown the highest seed germination and good crop capacity take place in the work chamber zone with boundaries R1=0,012 m and R2=0,035 m at seed humidity from 12% till 18% and the time of seed treatment is 0,9-2,75 s. The addition to crop capacity has run to 7% as a result of the spring barley treatment
During the research, we have developed a low-temperature zonal heating panels with an infrared emitter to create a local microclimate for piglets in the suckling period. This heater is lightweight and durable frame in the form of an inverted box size 400 mm x 1800 mm, attached to the wall of the building swivel. Top frame mounted thermostat is connected to a temperature sensor mounted directly on a metal plate with a thickness of 1 mm, painted in black color. In the upper part of the inner carcass layer is a light insulating material, which is located directly under the low-temperature heat source is electric. Study of the optimal size of the heating panel revealed that in view of the limitations associated with the area of the machine and biological characteristics of the optimum size of the sow for 11 piglets are: width – 400 mm; length – 1500 mm (at ventral position) and 1800 mm (lateral position). Comparison of different heating sources for piglets revealed that the use of infrared lamps enables newborn piglets seating area by 55.6%, while in 28 days – by 88.9%. Infrared lamps can not completely meet the recommended specifications as to ensure a more intense heat lamp to be lowered towards the floor surface, which leads to a reduction in the useful area heated. Using as a source of local heating mats and low-temperature panels satisfies pigs in the area of the den in the early suckling period at 138.9 and 200.0%, to weaning, respectively – by 48.5 and 65.5%. Thus, we have developed a low-temperature heating panels contributed to a more uniform distribution of heat in a recreation area of suckling piglets and to provide a comfortable environment at temperatures of 2-3 C lower in comparison with other methods of heating
The key stage of clonal micropropagation, the micropropagation sensu stricto, affords to increase the propagation index for plants, especially perennials. In this study, we consider ways to optimize clonal micropropagation of remontant raspberry cultivars. It is found that microsprout regeneration rate is 78,5–96,0 % on the multiplication s. str. stage. The most multipurpose nutrient medium is selected with containing 0,5 mg/l both of BAP and GK. When one uses this medium, regeneration rate runs 79,0–94,0% depending on genotype with sprout high running 24,8–32,7 mm and sprout number – 1,2–2,2 per node. The optimal duration of growing cycle is 30 days with the propagation index within 6,6–7,8, depending of genotype
The aim of this study is the substantiation of recreational zones in the mountain forests for walking tourists. The article contains a functional zoning, design and spatial solution of landscapes of these zones. The aesthetic and recreational value of forests recreational areas increases the implementation of thinning. Implementation of thinning in the territory of the forest zone allocates places for relaxing and walking. This is the basis of functional separation of recreational areas. Coordinates of the objects of recreational areas (inputs and outputs, the center of the composition, toilets, natural monuments, gazebos, crossing trails and wooden sculptures) are determined using GPS satnav. We can determine the spatial composition of landscapes with forest vegetation, relief and water space. This allows you to allocate places for sight-seeing platforms. Small architectural forms must be in harmony with the surrounding landscape. Walking paths form the basis recreation areas. Turns and bends of routes for walking must comply with the elements of the landscape. Areas for recreation are usually located along the trail in of water bodies and in places of disclosure prospects. The recreation area is limited to with an enclosure which fits into the forest landscapes. In this case, the fence should not interfere with of migration of small animals (herpetofauna, insectivores, and others). The harmony of landscape elements serves as a criterion of completion of design. In the recreation area fire prevention measures have to be carried out by tenants. Permissible load of tourists to recreation areas is determined by a special technique. Conclusions: there was proposed a new kind of recreation facilities in the mountain forests - the zone for walking tourists. When carrying out forestry works, there will be a minimum of expenses on arrangement of the zone. Negative consequences to the forest environment would also be minimized
One of the methods of increasing the productivity of alfalfa is the use of growth regulators, and the use of polymeric compositions of growth regulators, binders with synthesized growth regulators of sim-triazine series is promising with the possibility of creating environmentally friendly technologies for growing alfalfa. Studies have shown that the application of the test on alfalfa growth regulators has a positive effect on growth, physiological and morphogenetic processes, plant resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Intensity impact on plant growth regulators depends on the type of plant growth regulators, concentration and method of application. Processing alfalfa seed growth regulators on germination increases energy 3,0-14,0 % germination on 8,0-17,0 %. Processing plant growth regulators to enhance the growth of plants in height (on the 7th day – 2,6-11,9 % , on the 14th 41,9-48,0 %) , the growth of aboveground biomass , expands on the number of productive branches of the 1st ( 24,1-41,3 %) and 2nd order (21,7-55,0 %). Pre-sowing seed treatment and plant growth regulators alfalfa sim- triazine series contributed to the increase in seed yield of 15,5 %. On average, the yield of green mass increased by 0,8-2,4 t /ha or 5,2-15,5 % and seed yield at 0,19-0,42 h/ha or 8,7-19, 3 %. Growth regulators of sim-triazine series increase the protein content of the vegetative mass of alfalfa at 3,2-4,6 %
The article presents the results of the evaluation of the spatial structure and condition of trees and shrubs in different types of park stands located in the park called “Yamka” in Petrozavodsk. Features of planning and spatial distribution of trees and shrubs have been identified. The species and number of plants in good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory states were determined. The conducted analysis of species distribution and the number of trees and shrubs in each category of state allows suggesting the activities for reconstruction of park stands
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article discusses the main problems of formation and development of innovative macro-environment of Russian agribusiness taking into consideration state regulation of the economy, in particular the relevant rules and regulations and federal program-oriented documents. It is also presented the experience of legislation in Europe, the USA, as well as international organizations. The point is that the degree of elaboration of the legal and program-oriented database has a direct impact on the process of formation of innovative macro-environment in Russian agriculture.
The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems of little dynamic potential of innovative activity in the agricultural sector of the Russian Federation. In order to do it, it was conducted terminological and retrospective analysis of innovative macro-environment of Russian agriculture using general scientific and specific methods for the study of economic processes. Its development priorities in accordance with the policy documents are investigated and analyzed. Omissions of legislative initiatives in the innovation field of agriculture are identified. Organization of an appropriate basis for the development of organic farming is proposed and grounded as one of the variants of improvement of rules and regulations and program-oriented security of Russia
This article describes the basic theoretical aspects of Russian consumer market and its operation problems subject to the globalization. Also, we have examined current trend of domestic consumer market expansion and made its indicator analysis. It is necessary to study thoroughly the theoretical aspects of economic reproduction cycle in order to implementation of a growth policy. In consequence, that is an influence on a real consumer market. Currently, the reproduction of labor-power situations is complexity and inconsistency. Obviously purchasing power raises the living standard of the population. Russia has large potential to satisfy social security. Modernization of domestic production can improve Russian economic stability and balance consumer market. Comprehensive approach is important because of large majority of countries all over the world has free market economy and world economic system is shaky. Quality of imported consumer goods is acute problem that should be solved. In certain cases imported consumer goods is not compliance with standards. Effective operation mechanism of Russian consumer market is condition of macroeconomic stabilization in this country and all over the world that depend on global common economic proportions
In the article, transnationalization is considered as an objective factor of development in the context of globalization and the main areas of transnational corporations’ penetration in the Russian consumer market are identified. The Russian market is significantly attractive for commodity and food transnational corporations. The main objective of the majority of TNCs is the introduction and expansion to the markets in order to trade goods, produced in the third countries. Investment is primarily made in the sphere of circulation. Transnational corporations are gradually capturing not only foreign, but domestic wholesale and retail trade. Consumer market globalization is confirmed by the world trade growth, the volume of foreign capital investment, and the international labor intensification. At present, considering the domestic consumer market attractiveness, in the majority of the Russian food market sub-sectors, the large share of investments belongs to the foreign corporations. A significant part of the Russian food industry is concentrated in the hands of transnational corporations, which can control the retail food prices and purchasing prices for agricultural commodities. Despite the contradictory effects of transnational activity, TNCs determine the dynamics and structure of the consumer market promote goods and services conforming to the international standards, stimulate the competitiveness of domestic manufacturers
The objective of this article was to develop the concept of decision-making support in business assessment in mergers and acquisitions. The concept is developed with regard to system and process approaches, international and federal estimation standards, including projects of standards under development. The article presents the following research findings obtained personally by the author: mergers and acquisitions are classified; the validity of investment value for business assessment in mergers and acquisitions is shown; conditions of appraiser’s independence are given. The summary of findings allowed elaborating provisions of the concept of decision-making support in business assessment in mergers and acquisitions. The scientific novelty of the concept in question is provided with the use of investment value as a basic value of the target company and consideration for each party based on the model of their preferences. The practical relevance of this work is that the concept in question extends the methodological modeling basis for preferences of parties to a transaction, for the decision-making support in business assessment in mergers and acquisitions and study of effectiveness of algorithms proposed using business simulation games
This article is dedicated to the modern problems of economic security of organizations. The subject of research is economic security of a company that is actually a question of the economic science and practice in the changing realities of the activities. The author researches questions of determination of economic security of enterprises by modern Russian scientists which are reduced to three different treatments of the nature of this economic category. The first approach defines economic security based on the availability of threats. The second approach is expressed through the provision of economic security as a condition. The third approach is a symbiosis of the first two. Factors classifications are provided coming from different factorial signs which can be based on the analysis of their display area, effects and as resources of the enterprise. Classification on the basis of the resource approach seems original that allows identifying areas of risk exposure and elements of the economic security of the enterprise. The authors have noted that resources can be personnel, technology, organizational structure, innovation, management, property company; finance companies, etc. All the factors can be divided into qualitative and quantitative which influence to economic security enterprises alike. The potential of resource approach is not disclosed and this is actually a problem of modern economic science
This article is devoted to the investigations of our research team built for independent collection and examination the information about prices, ie to study the real inflation. The approach to measuring the rise in prices is based on selecting and fixing tool of economists and managers - the consumer basket which does not change during the time. On the basis of physiological consumption norms of the Institute of Nutrition (Russian Academy of medical Sciences) we made up the minimum consumer basket, ie we set annual consumption on food staples required to maintain normal functioning of the human body. In 1993-2015 we carried out an independent price collection. We obtained values of the consumer basket and inflation indices. We give the comparison with the data of official statistics. Our work is aimed at the elimination of Rosstat's monopoly in calculating the index of inflation, the minimum subsistence level and the real disposable income of the population. Using the same consumer basket makes it possible to compare the results of calculations for different time periods. That is why our works compare favorably to the approach of the official statistics. We have given a more detailed analysis of inflation in the XXI century. We have also briefly reviewed the use of inflation indices in the analysis of problems of households, organizations and production firms, as well as the country as a whole
The article examines the issues, principles and specifics of optimal taxation. We have also proposed the directions and practical recommendations about optimization of the taxation in the formation of tax policy
The article is devoted to the development of an indicator to detect changes in the dynamics of stock price series that could lead to loss of optimality of the trading models parameters. Feature of the new tools of technical analysis is sensitive not only to the trend component securities prices, but also to the volatility of financial assets. In this work proposes the use of this indicator as part of risk management at the stock market, formulates practical advice on how to use and configure in conjunction with trading models.
In the article methodological and practical basics of development and deployment of controlling in logistic systems are covered. The main objectives and instruments of controlling of logistics in activities of the organization are opened. The example of use of controlling in logistic systems is given. The main task of controlling in logistic systems consists in realization of an operating control behind profitability and the best passing of processes of warehousing and transportation material and transfers of non-material resources of the organization
In the article we have developed a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various types of military and economic activities, the effectiveness of which determines the value of the defense capabilities of the state; we have also revealed the economic substance of defense capabilities and combat readiness of troops, justified approaches to determining the significance of ongoing military-oriented activities, identified main activities of the specific conditions of defense industries which leave their marks on the cost-effectiveness in the production of material resources for the Russian military service. The analysis of the flow direction of monetary environment of estimated units indicates that the current practice of planning and cost accounting is not fully adapted for military-economic analysis of measures to ensure the establishment of the defense capabilities of the state, and this makes it difficult to study and make recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of military and economic resources. The authors propose a unified system of methodological support planning, estimating the size of consumed resources (regardless of funding source) and attainable defense results. Methodical resolution of this problem is based on the use of program-target approach to modeling the processes of the defense-industrial complex and the structural elements of the military organization. The article substantiates that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of defense capabilities should be carried out not only by the criterion of "cost - effect", but with all the manifestations of the time factor. In the most general form of the criterion of effectiveness should be provided by the triad "cost - effect - time." An important result of this study is also in the development of the integral index of evaluating the effectiveness of the use of military and economic
The article highlights the food value of buckwheat. It is said that the achievement of its biological potential under prevailing conditions of cultivation is impossible without the introduction of modern scientific and technical progress. The authors describe variants of integrated application of growth stimulants and microfertilizers in buckwheat production technology. Recommended technologies have been tested in conditions of the Central Chernozem region. It is revealed that the best variant of pre-sowing seed treatment is the combination of Epin-extra and Rexolin ABS. Conbination of Epin-extra and Speedfol B is the best variant of treatment of vegetating plants, providing the maximum yield increase in comparison with control variant (without treatments). Economic efficiency of all proposed technologies was studied. The system of indicators was chosen, which evaluate the efficiency of 36 variants of seed and plant treatment with growth stimulants and microfertilizers. A comparative analysis of variants demonstrated that the application of Speedfol B in combination with EPIN-extra and Rexolin ABS is most cost-effective and profitable. It is noted that the final choice of combination of growth stimulants and microfertilizers will depend on the specific conditions of cultivation. Recommendations are given
Theoretical, transformational and practical provisions for the development and regulation of small businesses and farms in the country's economy and agriculture are being cleared up. In the process of studying the problem we used logical reasoning, methods of comparing, and monographic, economic and statistical methods also. It is shown that small farming forms (SFF) in agriculture are essential for progressive development of agriculture, which is now recognized as a growth point of import substitution in all national economy. Given the author's interpretation of the category definition "small farming form" in agriculture differs from other definitions, in a more complete evaluation and statistics, provisions regarding private cottages and households as the SFF, their locality of functioning, independence in taking risks, increased adaptation, economic and legal binding, spectrum of production. The article shows the history of definitions of small business and small farming forms, stages of small business development, the scope of its practice abroad and in our country. It is said that a leading role in the formation of small farms belonged to households, which are still playing a leading role in production of agricultural products for their own consumption (without selling on the market). It is noted that at the present stage of industrial transformation of small businesses and small farms they often have a low mechanization level, high cost structure of manual labor. They have problems in adapting to the sector of services, in embedding into a complex system of relationships with medium and large business on the basis of technological specialization and also promoting innovation. It is emphasized that today the growing role of small businesses, small farms makes it more pragmatic to assess the prospects of development of this sector in our country
The article presents an analysis of the theoretical and conceptual foundations of innovation and innovation activities. The study revealed the following classification features of innovations: scope, object, cause of beginnings, stages of STA, which resulted in the innovation, the degree of intensity, the depth of changes, novelty, the pace of innovation realization, the scale of innovation, a place in the enterprise, productivity, innovation effectiveness, nature of the need. The final result of innovation is not only to get economic but also scientific and technological, social, ecological and other effects. The innovation process in poultry is turned directly to the introduction of new ideas on the stages of production. Poultry farming is a dynamic, growing sector of the domestic agricultural complex, the most precocious branch of livestock, characterized by high production efficiency. The cost-effectiveness of producers’ innovation is reflected by net discount profit, profitability index, the period of payback discounted costs and internal rate of return of the project. It was found that one of the most pressing issues arising at the moment is the presence of international competition. It is necessary to solve a number of problems related to the improvement of product quality, effectiveness increase of applied technologies, favorable veterinary conditions on poultry farms. In the period of introduction of innovation technologies in the poultry it is necessary to prepare promptly the personnel which will be working with the new equipment and new technologies
The article is devoted to the important problem of competitiveness of agricultural production. The concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation up to 2020 focuses on increasing the competitiveness of domestic producers and the ecologization of products. In modern conditions of Russia's economic sanctions and limited domestic commodity producers are significantly affected. The development of the competitiveness of individual enterprises is possible in case of forming of clearly-defined economic consumer - demand oriented policy. The article provides interpretation of definition "competitiveness" by the various authors and highlights its substantial features. The dynamics of fruit plantations, volumes of croppage and productivity of fruit production are reviewed and analyzed. The areas of pome and drupaceous crops in specialized farms of Krasnodar region in 2013 grouped by fruit zones are presented in the article. The advantages of domestic producers over the western ones are presented in view of food embargo imposed to European food products by the Government of the Russian Federation. In these conditions it is necessary to continuously improve the competitiveness of the products at the expense of maximum compliance with consumer and cost characteristics of existing and potential demands of customers. The sociological research aimed at identifying the consumer demands to fruits and berries of the population of the city of Krasnodar was conducted. The research aimed at identifying factors influenced on the consumers while choosing fruit at the markets of the city of Krasnodar was conducted. The estimation of factors influencing on consumers' choice was conducted. The data has been presented in the ranking. The perspective courses of business entities' activities which orient on development of competitiveness in conditions of globalization, ecologization, institutional and economic constraints were determined
Dynamic development of the agrarian sector of the economy of Kuban demands adequate improvement of social conditions of rural tenor of life. In the article we consider characteristics of housing and communal services and social infrastructure of the village, the loudspeaker of the area of rural housing stock, its structure and improvement in comparison with cities. The analysis of specific weight of the houses equipped with the sewerage, a central heating, hot water supply, bathtubs is carried out. Reduction of distinctions in arrangement of rural and city housing is revealed by the sewerage, heating, bathtubs, hot water supply. However, at the same time with a water supply system, the sewerage, heating, hot water supply by gas or floor electric stoves it is equipped less than a half of the area of housing in rural areas of Kuban. Reserves of improvement of quality of the existing roads and construction of new ones, especially between settlements of various administrative regions that can improve considerably the message between rural settlements are revealed and unload the main highways. We have shown the characteristics of preschool educational institutions and day educational schools, healthcare institutions and culture are provided in rural areas, the monetary income of villagers of Kuban. For factors of input of housing per one villager we present a matrix of pair coefficients of correlation received as a result of statistical data processing of the state statistics on municipalities of the Krasnodar region
Management is considered as a service providing value creation in the corporation. Improving the quality of management and the formation of its competitive advantages is a priority. Controlling has a significant influence on the quality of management. However, for its implementation it is necessary to form the need to the head to establish a system of information - analytical management support. The survey of CEOs identified the lack of sustainable demand for controlling. The main source of the challenge for controlling is corporate executive. The reason of the lack of significant challenges to controlling lies in the existing system of management of corporations and, above all, in the person of the head. Formal and informal management as two complementary approaches, the components of the success of the head - the leader, the key characteristics of managerial behavior of the head and needs for intelligent management services were discussed in this article, a new concept of controlling as the management of intellectual service was offered
In the article we describe the created automated software complex called “Financial expert”, adapted to the environment of 1C: Enterprise 8.3. This system is intended for a complex assessment of a financial and economic condition of companies of the construction branch on the basis of integration of diverse methods, such as probabilistic, fuzzy-production and neural. This program has no analogs in the Russian Federation and allows creating effective and adequate system of an assessment of a financial and economic condition of companies of the construction branch of the Krasnodar region. The software complex of "Financial Expert" has such opportunities as the analysis of a financial and economic condition of the enterprises of the construction branch with the help of: the cluster analysis, discriminant and regression models proposed in the thesis, as well as classic models: Fullman, Springeyt, the 2nd factorial, Taffler and Altman's model adapted for Russia; complex assessment of a condition of the construction enterprises by the analysis of quantitative and qualitative characteristics using fuzzy logic systems, including original structure and base of rules of fuzzy inference; an assessment of a financial and economic condition of the construction enterprises by means of neural networks. The software complex allows carrying out the comparative analysis of the models stated above at an assessment of a financial and economic condition of the particular company in the construction branch
In the article we describe the created automated software complex called “Financial expert” allowing to carry out a financial and economic assessment of the company on the basis of such models as Altman in various options, Springate, Taffler, 2 factor analysis, discriminant analysis, ratio analysis, fuzzy - set analysis method condition of the enterprise and neural network technology. The developed automated complex was created for the analysis of the condition of companies; it can be implemented in the Russian Federation and is used at the solution of problems of an assessment, the analysis and diagnostics of a financial and economic condition of companies. Using the "Financial Expert" software complex in the article we have examined the enterprises of the construction branch of the Krasnodar region (data taken from 2010 to 2012), the comparative analysis of different models and methods was also carried out. It was found that the classical model implemented by Western companies (Altman, Taffler, Springate) in less than 50% of cases gave the correct result, whereas the one that was adapted for Russian enterprises (R-accounts model) gave reliable results in 63% of cases. From the models and the methods proposed by the author, the weakest one was the method of cluster analysis, 75% of the remaining models showed a higher percentage of certainty
DECISION MAKING SUPPORT INFORMATION SYSTEM IN SPHERE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS COMPANIES SOLVENCY
Destabilization of the economic situation in Russia at the end of 2014 and in early 2015 has influenced small and medium businesses (SMB) landing at first. One of the most important reason of high lending risks and, as a result, high lending rates is absence of reliable information systems for assessment of SMB enterprise default according to total analysis of their financial activities. Thus nowadays the reliable assessment of SMB enterprises solvency is the fundamental scientific problem, which one is highly actual for each credit organization because the bankruptcy of a credit institution is depended on it. At the same time high competition at the landing market leads to necessity of individual credit conditions existing, which takes into account borrower’s and lender’s benefits. In the present work the creating of reliable information and analytical systems for assessment of SMB company default method is suggested. This one is based on integration of probabilistic and statistical classification analysis methods (discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and classification trees), heuristic procedures (neural network) and interactive shell of the system using cloud technology. By the authors, there was solved the problem of small data amount, exception anomalous values and discrepancy normal distribution of sample by the generation of enterprises financial activity model database
The article presents an analysis of an innovative activity of four Russian metallurgical enterprises: "Ruspolimet", JSC "Ural Smithy", JSC "Stupino Metallurgical Company", JSC "VSMPO" via mathematical modeling using Monte Carlo method. The results of the assessment of innovative activity of Russian metallurgical companies were identified in five years dynamics. An assessment of the current innovative activity was made by the calculation of an integral index of the innovative activity. The calculation was based on such six indicators as the proportion of staff employed in R & D; the level of development of new technology; the degree of development of new products; share of material resources for R & D; degree of security of enterprise intellectual property; the share of investment in innovative projects and it was analyzed from 2007 to 2011. On the basis of this data the integral indicator of the innovative activity of metallurgical companies was calculated by well-known method of weighting coefficients. The comparative analysis of integral indicators of the innovative activity of considered companies made it possible to range their level of the innovative activity and to characterize the current state of their business. Based on Monte Carlo method a variation interval of the integral indicator was obtained and detailed instructions to choose the strategy of the innovative development of metallurgical enterprises were given as well
The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern science of management - creating the optimal organizational structure and securing clear job functions between employees of the Department of agriculture for the effective development of agricultural production in the municipality of the Krasnoarmeyskiy district of the Krasnodar region. This region is a major agricultural and industrial region of Kuban, in which due to the high economic and financial capacity it is possible to notice progressive development of the agricultural sector. In the study, we present an analysis of the current state and performance of the agriculture Department of the municipal administration of the Krasnoarmeysky district. To improve the efficiency of management of agriculture in the area we have proposed to change the current organizational structure of this element of public administration: reallocate some powers between employees according to their classification, add into the structure demanded practice of managing the district office by lawyer, send personnel to training. The implementation of the proposed measures for improving the organizational structure of the Department of Agriculture will lead to both economic effect – reduce labor costs, receipt of additional funds in the budget from the sale of new administrative functions, and to the social effect – increasing the skill level of employees and their degree of legal literacy
Selection of competent personnel in a company is a difficult task for any employer. To do so, personnel of staffing services use special algorithms and techniques. This task requires a systematic approach. Functions of HR organizations with the development of the Russian economy are transformed. The process of human resource management in an organization includes some elements such as the selection of potential candidates, evaluation, selection of suitable employees, employment of staff, monitoring its development, organization of training, retraining and skills development. First of all, the decision about the choice between using internal and external sources of employment. Next they have to determine a possible selection algorithm. The article analyzes the sequence of steps that organizes the personnel office of the company to implement the algorithm of selecting the appropriate professional characteristics of staff for vacancies: registration of personal data; analysis of recommendations and track record of the applicant; organization and conducting interviews; diagnosis suitability, including business and personal qualities; medical monitoring; analysis of test results and make conclusions about the suitability of the candidate; decision on recruitment. Our overview of the most common methods of testing knowledge and personal qualities of the candidate, which is held in this article is of interest to both the employer and the applicant applying for a job
The article deals with the study of the theoretical and methodological approaches of the creation of competitive strategies in the retail market of banking products and services; of specific features of competition in this market; of essence, nature, objects and factors of competition, the bank’s competitiveness at macro and micro levels. There were found structural and logical relationships that reflect the interaction of the main elements and parameters of micro and macro environment in determining the competitiveness of a commercial bank in the article. On the basis of different interpretations on the concept of «strategy», analysis theory and methodology of banking strategic management of B. Karloff, M. Porter, G. Hamel, classification strategies the authors argue that the development of competitive strategy of bank with the aim of forming its financial behavior promotes the formation of a favorable institutional environment and business climate. The authors of this article have concluded, that banks need to developing their competitive strategy in the context of the institutional trend in accordance with their social mission. The mission of the bank is a role in the society, philosophy, promising estimated model, orientation of the activities which is corresponding with objectives. Financial behavior of banks regardless of their strategy, concept of development, which is determined by the degree of competition in the market of banking products and services
The evolution of the theory of strategic management has led to increasing the role of the internal environment in the company's development strategy. The development of the Resource approach and the need for ongoing formation of competitive advantages led to the identification of the concept of dynamic capabilities. This article is devoted to the systematization of the main points of view on the nature and significance of this conceptual approach to the raise of the competitiveness of the up-to-date companies. Firstly, why the current trends in strategic management are dominated in particular concept of dynamic capabilities; secondly, could this approach be a theoretical and methodological base of the strategic choice of domestic companies? According to learning of few bibliographic sources there was identified the terminological basis, which was used in the resource and dynamical capability concepts («resources», «ability», «competence», «dynamic capabilities», «key competency», etc.), the analysis were realized and the correlation of these categories in the process of strategic choice was revealed. In the article the author's point of view devotes to the concept of key competences and its role in the achieving competitive advantages. The author examines the relationship between dynamic capabilities and key competency and their role in the ensuring the competitive development of the company
The article is devoted to modeling and analysis of gaming schemes in game theory to optimize production. The following scheme was designed for organizations engaged in production of seasonal items. To improve the economic viability of production of the three available types of products we offer using pure strategies. We have given the desire to maximize profit organization under the conditions when consumers seek to minimize their costs, and we simulate realistic market conditions. Theoretical overview of the selected analysis method showed that it is game theory that can provide the most accurate and reasonable explanation of the behavior of the players from the opposing economic interests. It seems that every approach to addressing the specific situation has its advantages and disadvantages, but pure strategies include most optimal set of factors necessary for the analysis. Thus, the application of game theory to solve the problem of optimizing production now is the most appropriate and expedient. The selected method maximizes correctly mathematically substantiate the results obtained simulation gaming schemes that quite clearly illustrates the real market situation, which, in turn, can be solved cost-effectively with the help of game theory
The article found that the accuracy of the evaluation of the competitiveness of existing graphical methods largely depends on the skill of the expert and is a subjective process. In addition, only one of the graphic methods followed in graph form the polygon. However, the polygon is not analyzing assessment, as its area does not represent the level of competitiveness of enterprise structure due to association of increase and decrease parameters. In addition, none of the graphical methods are able to predict the level of competitiveness in the long term. The author has developed an information-modeling system for assessment and prediction competitiveness by Pechnikov, which will increase the competitiveness of business structures
The article examines the traditional concept of outsourcing from the perspective of the characteristics of a public Corporation of the knowledge economy and building competitiveness. The author notes essential narrow interpretation of traditional outsourcing and examines a new, broader understanding of how the mobilization of intellectual and human capital, third party outsourcers for the benefit of the Corporation. Formation of the sector of the knowledge economy in Russia actualizes the importance of joint and coordinated problem solving connections intellectual, human and other intangible capital partners, who are provided with a number of activities as part of the mega business process associated with the production of intellectual goods and services. According to the authors, the development of outsourcing leads to a network form of business organization and mega business process is transformed into a network conglomerate, the capital of which is "adapting" to each other with the formation of a harmonious configuration of material and immaterial capital. Such configuration of capital we call capitulorum, as a new instrument for the realization of development strategy
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article examines the story of the unexpected stay
of lieutenant Vasily Golovnin in South Africa in 1808
during his famous navigation around the world. In fact,
the Russian sailor had to stop in Simonstown for a
short while to stock up and put his boat in shape.
However, his visit on this archipelago which newly
belonged to British had coincided with the moments of
crisis between Russian and British empires in Europe.
These events obliged Golovnin to stay in the Cape of
Good Hope for thirteen months. Enjoying his freedom
of movement, the young navigator will exploit this
long stay to describe the daily life of South African
people. During his travels across the Cape Colony,
Golovnin meets with colonists and colonized, and tells
about the mechanism of their cohabitation. Even if it is
not so abundant, his travelogue remains the first one
realized by a Russian on South Africa and will always
be crucial for the future generations of Russian
mariners who will follow his itinerary. From Kronstadt
to Kamchatka, Golovnin described the amazing events,
but there, it will exclusively focus on the part of his
travelogue [3] about his long and exceptional “stay at
the Cape of Good Hope”
This article describes some interesting facts of Modern English and Greek Grammar and pay our attention to extension of constructions “noun + article” without article in publicist-oral speech, where it should be. Our observations show some phenomena of evolution of system “noun + article”. This article is due to some cases of using articles, which we can’t often find in traditional native and foreign normal grammars. In English Grammar the ellipsis of article meets stylistic and syntax’s requirements. But there isn’t such limitation in Greek Grammar, that’s why on the one hand, we qualify the ellipsis of article as a realization of category determinacyindeterminacy, and on the other hand, we can see the generalization of the meaning of article. Illustrative materials are newspapers’ articles of classical British dialectical English and Dimotiki (oral New Greek).There are not only main rules of articles in periodical and oral speech, but also the meaning of nouns, which we can understand from surrounding context and geographical position, also as a style of periodical publications
A training text in a foreign language is a fundamental communicative unit of the learning process. However there is tracing a tendency to explain the text as a global fact in the scientific literature and to study language’s contacts with different sides of human activity, which are actualizing through the text. The data shows at first that linguistic and cultural features of training texts are connected with communicative directivity of the foreign language learning process, second, they are due to the goals and objectives of learning. In the article the cultural component of training texts is reviewed, the types of texts determining sociolinguistic behavior of the characters, with which someone learning foreign language should identify himself, are marked, sociocultural subject of texts of tutorials in German and French is analyzed. A pragmatic aspect of training texts is studied separately, quantitative and genre texts’ relations and authentic and quasi-realistic texts’ relations in German and French are compared. Studying of features of training text in foreign language allows characterize it as a universal unit, which fosters to form a communicative competence and influence the recipient complex. Results of the study expand knowledge about the methodical potential of a training text in learning a foreign language and culture and are of interest for experts in the fields of linguistic, linguodidactics and intercultural communication
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article sets out the authors ' opinion on the content of guidelines describing the opinions of Russian and foreign scientists in favor of the justification of criminal liability and punishment of legal persons, either against itself or, conversely, offering a compromise in the application of legal persons. Characteristic in this respect the authors of the article on the position of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, submitted in 2011, the year the project enters into the criminal law Institute criminal legal action against businesses and provides theoretical justification for the project. Based on the position of experts in their field - investigators of the investigative Committee, we have identified the most known and well-established principles of the theory of criminal law disciplines. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the authors generated novel in the criminal law, which from the point of view of the authors, will have great application prospects in the Russian criminal practice. An additional argument supporting the need for improvement of criminal legislation in Russia are advanced legal state of the world, analysis of the criminal law which, which was also investigated by the authors
The author of the article explores the order of the using the special knowledge in the investigation of the unlawful use of the trademark, the forms of the using special knowledge. It is impossible to carry out the investigation of the illegal use of a trademark just as other economic crimes without the use of the special knowledge. The main task which is solved by means of the expert research is finding of the use on the certain products of the alien trademark, this means there are mismatches of the product quality with the quality of the claimed trademark. No matter in what forms the special knowledge is used (the expertise, the professional judgment or the debriefing of the knowledgeable person), it should be used at the time of the inspection reports of the illegal use of the trademark. The author has examined the procedures of the competent person, who invited as a specialist during the inspection of the seizure, counterfeit products; he showed the sequencing of the action for the implementation of the examination by a specialist. During the inspection the expert must assist the investigator (inquirer) in the identifying of those attributes that point to counterfeit products. The characteristic signs of the counterfeit products were investigated. It is highlighted the need for special knowledge in the field of merchandising, for the conducting of the merchandising researches in the investigation of the unlawful use of the trademark, is also needed for the appointment and other examinations such as patents; computer, technical and forensic examination of documents
The article deals with the problems of the automation of an investigation targeting and planning. The authors consider the possibility of the development of the automatic logic system for designing and using investigation methods of different types of crime. The authors propose the following solution of the problem:
handling of the data of criminal cases of the certain type of crime to analyze and highlight the initial information; developing of the typical investigation situations and hypothesis with logic chain; developing a set of measures (investigative activities, search operations, organizational preparations and other actions), which can help achieve the objectives; list of tools necessary to carry them out
The scientific article: "The crimes committed by legal persons in foreign countries and penalties applied to them (a systematic review of international practice)" encompasses a statement of practices in sentencing in foreign countries for crimes committed by legal entities. The article reflected the author's consistent position on the feasibility of the introduction of the Russian criminal law liability of legal persons, which is justified by reference to the experience of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities in several foreign countries, and forsake not the position of the Investigative Committee of the country, nominated in 2011, the idea of criminal liability companies. The content of the article is aimed at an exchange of views on the problems of introducing criminal liability of legal persons in the Russian criminal law. Analyzed experience in combating crime entities reasoned position as the leading experts in this area and materials jurisprudence allows fully justified to assume a legal entity as a full subject of criminal activities in Russia. In addition, the chronological period law enforcement and pluralistic views of members of the judiciary of England and the United States, determine the inevitable process of globalization of the world legal community in which Russia now occupies a prominent place
The article is devoted to the creation and activity of principally new organs of local self-government for Russian state – province and uyezd Zemstvos, which were formed by means of elections. Peculiarities of political and legal mechanism of formation of overall class organs of local authorities having too many powers in decision of questions of local sense are disclosed. Attention is paid to incompleteness of legislative regulation of many electoral procedures that made the sphere of administrative discretion significant. There were enlightened principally important characteristics of elections in Zemstvo which are overall class and combination of a principle of property qualification with noble family class representation, on the basis of which the author makes the conclusion on necessity of extension of representations of modern legal science on present qualifications. The comparative analysis of public polemic on the questions of results of Zemstvo reforms is conducted. In general bulk of ideas on extension of Zemstvo representative law the author was singled out two main trends: extension of quantity of voters by means of decrease of qualification limitations and equalization of representation of different social and class groups of population. On the basis of analysis of legal bases of formation and development of electoral process in XIX century the assessment of adequacy of modern system of Russian representative legislation is implemented
Social Sciences and Humanities
Communicative tolerance is connected with many properties and spheres entering the structure of a personality. We have selected such ones which are influenced by the level of communicative tolerance. They are intellectual, valuable-orientation, ethic, esthetic, emotional, sensory (perceptional), energetic-dynamic, algorithmic, characteristic and functional spheres of a personality. These personal factors concerns to the pivotal one determining the life way and activity of a person, its professional condition, activity in promotions of the carrier, execution of professional duties, interaction with colleagues and surrounding people. The manifestation of the mechanism of psychological emotional expression of personal differences of communicative differences of communicative tolerance allows singling out such types as (situational, typological, professional, general communicative tolerance) which are possible at communication with the manifestation of definite behavior signs and moods. The communicative tolerance influencing the personal factors of a student-manager, touches intellectual, valuable-orientation, ethic, esthetic, emotional, sensory (perceptional), energetic-dynamic and functional spheres. The development of communicative tolerance in the process of training of foreign language by students-managers allows to single out the levels of communicative tolerance (low; intermediate (upper-intermediate and pre-intermediate) and work out methods and ways increasing the tolerance behavior embracing the spheres of a personality of a student
This article deals with the problems of system development of professional education and enhanced training in foreign languages for the Russian-German (Swiss, French) joint venture companies. We have shown new perspectives and possibilities improving work efficiency in staff training in relation with the new Russian Federation Federal Law of Education, creation basic universities departments in enterprises, ligitation new network forms for the implementation of network programs. We have also presented some measures to improve the quality of education, to attract highly qualified specialists of enterprises, the use of their scientific and technical base, ties companies with leading foreign organizations, the use of new educational technologies, assessment of professional competence of students in educational programs. At present the main role is played by foreign language, possession of which at this stage is an essential attribute of a successful specialist. The article has an analysis of existing methods and training courses in foreign languages and proposes a system of training of foreign language on the basis of educational industrial cluster which allows using not only the faculty of universities and training facilities, but the full potential of joint ventures, including foreign training. The proposed system involves learning a foreign language training in the following courses: general business, specialized business, intensive English, business training and other. The substantive content of special courses focused on professional activities with the use of interactive teaching methods, such as role-playing, methods for solving situational problems, methods of design activity that contributes to the development of skills to analyze, compare facts and events, to learn independently, to work in teams, to express and defend their point of view
The purpose of the investigation is students’ conflictological competence assessment method elaboration. The methodological foundations are system approach (considered the pedagogical monitoring as education quality management component), personal oriented approach (focused the educational process on student persona), competence oriented approach (oriented the educational process to personally-professional abilities formation which integrated the knowledge, skills, motives, values and ability to their control) and quality measurement approach (we have considered the conflictological competence preparedness as a multi-criterion parameter). The theoretical foundations are socially-philosophic works dedicated to students’ conflictological competence formation, and pedagogical works, dedicated to education quality management. The normative foundations of investigation are Law “About Education” (2012), state educational standards for vocational training (2009), “Strategy of state youth policy in Russian Federation”, state program “Patriotic education of Russian Federation citizens during 2011-2015”. The methods of investigation are scientific literature and pedagogical practice analysis, survey, modeling, pedagogical monitoring, quality measurement and complex systems polyvalent analysis
With the transition to bachelors training, there was a question about the structure, content and scope of final qualifying works (FQW), performed by graduates upon completion of learning in high school. However, given the specificity of the different learning for specialist and bachelor, the time available to perform educational plans of the graduation project for specialist and FQW for bachelor and a number of other factors, the simple transfer of the requirements for the implementation of the graduation project specialist at the requirements for the implementation of FQW for bachelor seems unacceptable. Despite the existing experience of preparing and defending FQW for bachelors-builders in various universities of the country, scope of work, their structure and the number are not uniquely determined. Different approaches to the implementation of FQW for bachelors are observed even in different manufacturing departments of the same faculty. For the most successful implementation of FQW by students studying in the direction 270800.62 «Construction», training profile «Industrial and civil construction», as graduating department for which acts the KubSAU department of building production, we have developed requirements for the FQW structure. The totality of these requirements is a definite system in which students independently, in consultation with the supervisor, choose one of the structure options of performed FQW. Basic principles of the structure of the FQW, and the requirements for its scope and content are listed in this article
Health Sciences
The article describes the visualization of the space of initial excitation area in sinoatrial node of the cat’s heart
Health Sciences
Spraying the hatching eggs with disinfecting solution was found to be the effective mean to decrease a risk of bacterial contamination. The most used disinfection means contain quaternary ammonium compounds, phenols, iodine of glutaric aldehyde. However, some disinfectants have ability to close pores on to the egg in case of applicating on the surface of egg that results in decreasing evaporation of water during incubation and decreasing hatching. The most popular methods is gazation with using the preparation on a base of formaldehyde, formalin, potassium permanganate. The above-mentioned methods have the risks of potential danger for hatching eggs and developing embryos. For biocidic treatment of eggs YF-irradiation is used, as well as ozone, but it penetrates into eggs owing to eggs pores and destabilizes embryo. Moreover, ozone possesses the toxic, corrosive and inflammable properties and its using must be controlled. Some disinfectants, especially chloral-containing preparation have a property to react with cuticle of eggshell and falls their activity. Other disinfectants, as a rule, block the pores and make difficult gazoexchanging. Using the preparation on a base of electroactivatel solutions of sodium chloride. Was detected to be one of the perspective approaches to disinfection of hatching eggs. The results of study on a development of disinfection technology for hatching eggs contaminated by bacteria and fungi with using the Super ANK Anolyte
Under the field conditions breeding the young poultry takes place in the eggs out of maternal body. For successful breeding the progeny keeping all the demands to safety and quality of hatching eggs has the important significance. Safety demands are presented in the appropriate Technical Standards (TS). The microbial standards are to be very significant. Moreover, it is necessary to control both the microorganisms note in TS and other species as dangerous factors on during the process of production. The methods and means used presently for disinfection of hatching eggs have some disadvantages, e.g. the method of gazation with using the preparations on a base of formaldehyde, formalin, potassium permanganate; ozone has the toxical, corrosive and inflammable properties and its using must be controlled; chlorine-containing disinfectants have a property to react with cuticle of eggshell and fall their activity. The results of a study on applicating Super ANK Anolyte for biocidal treatment of the eggs are presented in the article
The article represents the characteristics of different methods of air microbiological analysis on the basis of the results of patent searches, the aim of which is to identify and develop the most effective methods for microbiological evaluation of air quality in livestock buildings. This problem has particular relevance in the implementation of anti-epizootic measures. Among the studied methods of air microbiological analysis was used the new method which allows accurate counting degree of bacterial contamination, due to the additional coverage of molten and cooled to 45 ° C in culture medium, the density of which is not less than the density of the main medium. The new method for the microbiological analysis of air was developed and offered for practical application, including the sedimentation of aerosol particles and seeding microorganisms containing in the air at the surface of dense main medium, the temperature control of the samples and the count the microorganisms colonies number
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article represents the analysis of problems of interpersonal relationships between somatically impaired children at the primary school age included in the category of ailing children, and their peers. On the basis of theoretical literature analysis, the author gives definitions to the following concepts: “somatically impaired children”, “ailing children”, “interpersonal relationships”. This article highlights outcomes of empiric research whose objective was to study: firstly, referentometric status of ailing children at the primary school age among their classmates. Secondly, if ailing children are “reference core” of the group, e.g., the students whose estimations and opinions are important to other peers. Third, the conditions which contribute to inclusion of a student into a reference group were revealed. The author distinguished the following factors which may influence on the referentometric status: school results, self-esteem, level of school motivation, level of general school anxiety. The author comes to the conclusion about characteristics of referentometric status of ailing children at the primary school age among their classmates. On the basis of the obtained forming experiment data, the author distinguished the conditions which contribute to occurrence of positive interpersonal relationships with ailing children in the school groups
The article is concerned with principal conditions, mechanisms and techniques on the development of teenagers’ subject qualities. Identification criteria of the development are described. Learning process is viewed as the main identification factor of teenagers’ status as subjects of learning activity. The conclusion is made about the influence of enabling educational environment and involvement of teenagers in learning group on teenagers’ subjectivity development. The definition of “enabling educational environment” is viewed as well. The article reveals the distinction between “educational environment” and “enabling educational environment”. The stage of teenager’s development as a subject of learning activity is identified by results of such personality activity dimensions as social activity, the attitude to school and learning process, the maturity level of learning activity and interests, self-concept, school progress. The articles points out the question of phased group development in the process of cooperative activity and communication based on parametric conception of small group development. The set of teaching techniques on personality activity dimensions is represented
The author's concept of self-understanding of ethno cultural identity developed within subject approach is presented in the article. The structure of the concept has a level structure and represents a complex of methodological, theoretical, methodical and applied provisions and means providing opportunity of consideration of self-understanding by the individual of ethno cultural identity and also detection of regularities of self-understanding by the individual of ethno cultural identity in different conditions of life of an ethnic group. The methodological level includes the main scientific approaches and the principles. The general-theoretical level includes basic theoretical provisions of the concept. Concrete and theoretical level includes theoretical-phenomenological model of self-understanding by the individual of ethno cultural identity, isomorphic concept "self-understanding of ethno cultural identity of the individual" which in its theoretical part represents a system of the statements allowing to allocate and conceptualize self-understanding phenomenology by the individual of ethno cultural identity. Concrete and verification level represents the systematized and generalized regularities of self-understanding by the individual of ethno cultural identity in different conditions of life revealed on the basis of the created model
Social Sciences and Humanities
To the present stage, the process of becoming contract soldier professionals lasts up to 10 years or more, which is impermissible for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. One of the elements of a professional orientation of soldiers under contract is its evaluation. In the study, the authors have proposed evaluation methodology of professional orientation of contract soldiers. The validity and reliability assessment of the proposed methodic was carried out in two stages: stage 1 - respondents survey according to the methodic of M. Rokeach and getting their individual profiles; stage 2 - predicting the level of respondents professional military orientation, based on the assessment of proximity (conformity) of the respondents' individual profiles of value orientations to owned reference profiles. The evaluation of the internal (criterion) validity technique was performed as assessing the validity of the relationship between the influence and the observed results and the possibility to use this relationship to predict respondent's actions in future. Reliability of the methodic was assessed by three indicators. For all the indications we have obtained the results, showing the retest reliability of the proposed methodology of evaluation of military-professional orientation
Social Sciences and Humanities
The purpose of the research is development of the new methods of diagnostic the research activities productivity. It is known, that for the evaluation the productivity of a scientist we usually use a well-known index of Hirsch, the introduction of which in 2005 was a significant step forward compared with application of this index as the ratio of the number of references to works of scientist and publications themselves. At the same time even h-index as an indicator is not flawless, the main flaw is weak differential ability: a number of links to the most cited publications of the scientific worker does not matter after reaching a certain threshold. It is necessary to develop a method of estimating the productivity of scientific worker, which preserves dignities of h-index and removes its shortcomings. This will allow evaluating the productivity of research activities more objectively. Methodological bases of the research: a systematic approach (considering the science as a social institution in close connection with the society as a whole), a metasystem approach (considering the results of the scientific activities as a metasystem, i.e. the system with relatively independent components), probabilistic and statistical approach (considering the research activities as the random process), a synergistic approach (considering science like a self-organized system) qualimetric approach (considering the productivity of scientific activity as latent variables that reflect a variety of criteria)
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article is devoted to the actual problem of progressive and regressive tendencies of Russian education. Education is considered as a socio-cultural system of three levels. Discloses the concept of value of Russian education. The first level of the value of education is its state value. The second level of the value of education is called social values. The third level of the value of education is a personal value. Between the value of education and social values, there is a direct link. The term «higher education» in Russian culture has several meanings. In the first approach, higher education is the learning outcomes of the individual. This approach is called «formal». In the second approach, higher education is a process and the result of an educational and spiritual development of the individual. This approach is called the «cultural». The educational component of the education system is extremely important. However, in the modern Russian education the importance of the educational component is reduced. Such a trend could lead to a loss of traditional forms of culture. The current crisis was caused by the Russian education loss of moral values, traditions, ideas and norms in the educational system. Therefore, the modernization of the Russian education is necessary in view of the importance of his spiritual component