№ 112(8), October, 2015
Date issued: 30.10.2015
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The article is devoted to the nonparametric point and
interval estimation of the characteristics of the
probabilistic distribution (the expectation, median,
variance, standard deviation, variation coefficient) of
the sample results. Sample values are regarded as the
implementation of independent and identically
distributed random variables with an arbitrary
distribution function having the desired number of
moments. Nonparametric analysis procedures are
compared with the parametric procedures, based on
the assumption that the sample values have a normal
distribution. Point estimators are constructed in the
obvious way - using sample analogs of the
theoretical characteristics. Interval estimators are
based on asymptotic normality of sample moments
and functions from them. Nonparametric asymptotic
confidence intervals are obtained through the use of
special output technology of the asymptotic relations
of Applied Statistics. In the first step this technology
uses the multidimensional central limit theorem,
applied to the sums of vectors whose coordinates are
the degrees of initial random variables. The second
step is the conversion limit multivariate normal
vector to obtain the interest of researcher vector. At
the same considerations we have used linearization
and discarded infinitesimal quantities. The third step
- a rigorous justification of the results on the
asymptotic standard for mathematical and statistical
reasoning level. It is usually necessary to use the
necessary and sufficient conditions for the
inheritance of convergence. This article contains 10
numerical examples. Initial data - information about
an operating time of 50 cutting tools to the limit
state. Using the methods developed on the
assumption of normal distribution, it can lead to
noticeably distorted conclusions in a situation where
the normality hypothesis failed. Practical
recommendations are: for the analysis of real data we
should use nonparametric confidence limits
In various applications it is necessary to analyze
some expert orderings, ie clustered rankings of
examination objects. These areas include technical
studies, ecology, management, economics, sociology,
forecasting, etc. The objects may make samples of
the products, technologies, mathematical models,
projects, job applicants and others. We obtain
clustered rankings which can be both with the help
of experts and objective way, for example, by
comparing the mathematical models with
experimental data using a particular quality criterion.
The method described in this article was developed
in connection with the problems of chemical safety
and environmental security of the biosphere. We
propose a new method for constructing a clustered
ranking which can be average (in the sense,
discussed in this work) for all clustered rankings
under our consideration. Then the contradictions
between the individual initial rankings are contained
within clusters average (coordinated) ranking. As a
result, ordered clusters reflects the general opinion
of the experts, more precisely, the total that is
contained simultaneously in all the original
rankings. Newly built clustered ranking is often
called the matching (coordinated) ranking with
respect to the original clustered rankings. The
clusters are enclosed objects about which some of
the initial rankings are contradictory. For these
objects is necessary to conduct the new studies.
These studies can be formal mathematics
(calculation of the Kemeny median, orderings by
means of the averages and medians of ranks, etc.) or
these studies require involvement of new information
from the relevant application area, it may be
necessary conduct additional scientific research. In
this article we introduce the necessary concepts and
we formulate the new algorithm of construct the
coordinated ranking for some cluster rankings in
general terms, and its properties are discussed
The article discusses the use of automatic systemic-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical model is a system of information theory and software tools – an intellectual system called "Eidos" for the solution of some problems of ampelography: 1) digitization of scanned images of the leaves and creation of their mathematical models; 2) the formation of mathematical models of specific leaves using the spreading of information theory; 3) the formation of models of generalized images of leaves of various sorts; 4) comparing an image of a specific leaf with a generalized image of the leaf of different varieties and finding a quantitative degree of similarity and differences between them, i.e. the identification of the varieties on the leaf; 5) quantification of the similarities and differences of the varieties, i.e. cluster-constructive analysis of generalized images of the leaves of different varieties. We propose a new approach to digitizing images of leaves, based on using the polar coordinate system, the center of gravity of the image and its external contour. Before scanning images we may use transformation to standardize the position of the still images, their sizes and rotation angle. Therefore, the results of digitization and ASC-analysis of the images might be invariant (independent) relatively to their position, size and rotation. The specific shape of the contour of the leaf is regarded as noise information on the variety, including information about the true shape of the leaf of the class (clean signal) and noise, which distort this true form, originating in a random environment. Software tools of ASC-analysis – intellectual "Eidos" system ensures noise reduction and the selection of the signal about the true shape of the leaf of each variety on the basis of a number of noisy concrete examples of the leaves of this variety. This creates a one way form of a leaf of each class, free from their concrete implementations, i.e., the "Eidos" of these images (in the sense of Plato) is a prototype or archetype (in the Jungian sense) of the images
The article presents a project of the capacitor in the
Yang-Mills theory. Model capacitor represents the
equipotential surfaces separated by a space. To
describe the mechanism of condensation
chromodynamics field used numerical models
developed based on an average of the Yang-Mills
theory. In the present study, we used eight-scalar
component model that in the linear case is divided
into two groups containing three or five fields
respectively. In contrast to classical electrodynamics,
a static model of the Yang-Mills is not divided into
independent equations because of the nonlinearity of
the model itself. However, in the case of a linear
theory separation is possible. It is shown that in this
particular case, the Yang-Mills theory is reduced to
Poisson theory, which describes the electrostatic and
magnetostatic phenomena. In the present work it is
shown that in a certain region of the parameters of the
capacitor of the Yang-Mills theory on the functional
properties of the charge accumulation and retention of
the field is similar to the capacitor of the electrostatic
field or a magnet in magnetostatics. This means that
in nature there are two types of charges, which are
sources of macroscopic Yang-Mills field, which are
similar to the properties of electric and magnetic
charges in the Poisson theory. It is shown that in
Yang-Mills only one type of charge may be
associated with the distribution density of the
substance, while another type of charge depends on
the charge distribution of the first type. This allows us
to provide an explanation for the lack of symmetry
between electric and magnetic charges
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Acylation of amides substituted with pyridine-3-
sulfonic acids oxalil-chlorides and phosgene was
studied. New pyridil-3-sulfonil isocyanates were
synthesized. The conditions for this synthesis were
optimized by taking into account the detailed
understanding of this acylation. The synthesized
pyridine-3-sulfonyl isozyanates were converted to
pyridine-3-sulfonyl ureas. Biological activity of the
new compounds was studied and the substances with
high herbicidal effect were found
Life Sciences
The article reveals historical aspect of the Donets
Ridge petrophytic vegetation study. The stages of
formation of concepts and terms in the typology of
vegetation of the rocky outcrops of the steppe zone
The work presents the results of the scientific research in
the Taman Peninsula soil properties. We carry out the
historic review of the studies in the Taman Peninsula
soils, and its geological structure. We present
morphological characteristics of the soil profile for the
southern, calcareous, ultra heavy loam chernozem
developed from the loessial loams and forming genetic
horizons. The studies of the humus content in the soils
show the associations between its percentage and the
type and intensity of the agricultural use. Studies of the
soils structure and composition demonstrate marked
aggravation of the soils physical properties caused by
grape growing. The best results of the particle size
analysis have been achieved for the woodland soils. In
woodlands, after their establishment, the soils under the
grass and crown layers develop free of the
anthropogenic impact. We register self-supporting
growth of organic matter and natural processes of soil
fertility recovery; therefore, such soils are characterized
with a greater content of organic matter as compared to
the soils under grape plantings cultivated in the
monoculture regime. Reduced soil organic matter
(humus) content in vineyards results from the disturbed
biological interchange of the matter and increased
anthropogenic impact causing erosion processes
In the populations of Taxus baccata of Foothills and
Inside Mountain Dagestan, we have studied intra- and
interpopulation variability of morphological characters
of yew berry. The article has a contribution of
interpopulation differences in the feature of "diameter
of funnel" with the highest rates in Buynaksk
population and dependency of the form of yew berry
from this feature. According to the results of
discriminant analysis, we have revealed a distinction in
populations on this basis, although the classification
matrix has not given 100% of the forecast for any of
them. It is found, that the seeds of Khunzah population
have relatively large dimensions and yew berry has
more flattened shape compared to piedmont
populations, while the differences in populations based
on seeds are more pronounced than based on yew
berry at low volatility of the characteristics of the first
indicators. It is shown, that the characteristics of seeds
and yew berry of Khunzakh population indicate the
presence of certain genetic differences between
populations inside mountain and foothills, and that the
higher dissemination activity of first population is
aimed at self-preservation, due to the less favorable
conditions for the species. It is expected that the low
variability of the average values for yew berries of
cypress characteristics indicates the stability of the soil
and climatic conditions of its habitats
The article is concerned with the features of Lavandula’s
angustifolia vegetative propagation with methods of the
propagation by herbaceous cuttings and of the annual
woody cutting. The dependence of Lavandula’s varieties
Sineva and Vdala rooting of cutting and the cutting grafting
period and the age of the mother plantation was
established. In the fixed years, the rooting rate of cuttings is
58-67%. The maximum annual hardwood cuttings rooting
was observed from the fifth to the seventh year of the
cuttings’ workpiece (75-77%). The highest rooting rate of
green cuttings belonging to Vdala sort (80%) is observed in
the 3-4th years of use the mother plantation. The best result
for rooting rate by the annual woody cutting showed
Lavandula’s mother plantation, which belongs to Vdala
sort and was being cultivated from 3rd to 6th year. The
rooting of Lavandula’s angustifolia cuttings depends on
weather conditions; during drought years the rooting of
green cuttings is considerably reduced. During Lavandula’s
rooting cuttings it is necessary to take into account the
biological characteristics of each variety
The study was performed to genotype some
commercial wine yeast strains using the assay of Interdelta
genomic sequences. Experimental parameters of
PCR to identify were optimized and optimal simplified
method of DNA extraction from dried preparations of
yeast cultures was define. Proven method showed a
high level of resolution and can be used for the
analysis of genetic diversity wine yeast in combination
with SSR-markers
In this article, we have presented a number of modeling experiments to investigate the chemical pollution of brown calcareous soil. It assesses the stability of brown calcareous soil of a nature reserve called Utrish to contamination with heavy metals in biological parameters. Pollution of brown calcareous soil with Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and oil causes a significant reduction in biological parameters. The degree of reduction depends on the nature of the contaminant and its concentration in the soil. The study showed that the indicators used in the biological condition of the soil, could be recommended for use for diagnosis, monitoring, and regulation of chemical pollution of brown soil. According to the degree of resistance to chemical contamination, the brown soils of Russia form the following series: typical brown - brown carbonate - brown leached
We have investigated the influence of nickel oxide in
the amount 100, 1000 mg/kg of the soil (1, 10 MPC),
combined with the influence of variation magnetic field
with induction of 50, 100 and 650 μT power frequency
of 50 Hz on the enzyme activity and phytotoxity of the
southern chernozem. We have established significant
reduction of enzyme activity of catalase and length of
roots after the influence of the variation of magnetic
fields. Pollution by nickel as an independent factor
caused stimulation of enzyme activity of a
dehydrogenaze and length of roots of radish. The
greatest inhibition of the activity of all indicators was
observed at joint influence of magnetic fields and
pollution by nickel of concentration of 1 maximum
permissible concentration (1 MPC). Enzyme activity of
dehydrogenaze was significantly stimulated (p
Large agricultural load on the steppe landscapes
leads to the transformation of ecosystems and effect
on all their components. Transformation of lands into
laylands leads to a gradual restoration of
anthropogenically disturbed steppe ecosystems.
Studies that focus on the research of comprehensive
processes in the territory of laylands are extremely
relevant today. Herpetobiont fauna is one of the
important characteristics of ecology and biology of
soils. Herpetobiont Coleoptera can serve as
indicators in the study of processes occurring in
postagrogenic soils.The article presents the results of
the study of changes in mesofauna, composition and
structure of complexes of the gerpetobiont
Coleoptera of ordinary black soils in natural
succession series of different-age laylands. We also
evaluated the degree of faunistic similarity of plots
of laylands and allocated dominant species.
Carabidae and Tenebrionidae are the basis of
complex Coleoptera in the investigated laylands. The
article shows that such indicators as the number of
individuals, species, families of beetles and their
dynamic density are depended on the age of the
layland. In addition, the indices of biodiversity
(Margalef and Shannon) and dominance (Simpson)
are also connected with the age of plots of laylands
The article presents the results of laboratory
modeling of gleyisation and its effect on the
biological properties of soils with stagnant regime in
ordinary black soils. Gleyisation is a complex
biochemical process that occurs under oxygen
reduction conditions. Anaerobic microorganisms, the
presence of organic substances, and the constant or
prolonged waterlogging of individual horizons or the
entire soil profile promote gleyisation. Model
experiments revealed that gleyisation increase the
total number of bacteria and suppresses number of
actinomycetes, micromycetes and growth of fungal
mycelium. Gleyisation decreases the activity of
oxidoreductases and increases the hydrolases
activity. In addition, the second content of humus
slightly increases and active acidity (pH) changes to
neutral. Accumulation of large amounts of iron oxide
(II) in soil is revealed
Agricultural use leads to a significant transformation of soils. The first to use the soil for cultivation react most sensitive biological indicators. The purpose of the study - to establish the effect of using the brown forest soils for planting apple orchards for their biological activity, in particular on the humus content, enzyme activity (catalase and dehydrogenase). For the control, we have selected forest area adjacent to arable land. Because of violations of the natural vegetation, there are changes in hydrothermal conditions of the soil. Humidity soil plowed off under forest, while temperatures gets considerably higher. Plowing, compared with the control, revealed significant loss of humus (50%) in the upper most disturbed horizons. In the lower horizons of the values of this index were quite low (1.5%) on all sections of the test. The decline in humus content, as well as overheating and draining soil tillage results in a change of enzymatic activity not only in the surface layers, but also in the whole profile. Due to the movement of the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in the underlying horizons, an increase of enzyme activity over control values in the deeper layers of the soil. The article shows a possibility of the use of biological indicators as indicators of changes in the brown forest soils as a result of agricultural use
We studied the effects of heavy metal pollution on
soil phytotoxicity cities of the Rostov region. The
research objects were the soils of urbolandscape
towns: Taganrog, Novocherkassk, Gukovo, Shakhty,
Azov. The study of the soil pollution with heavy
metals was recorded in Gukovo, Shakhty, Taganrog.
The degree of pollution of the studied cities form the
following row: Gukovo > Shakhty > Taganrog >
basics > Novocherkassk. The research was carried
out in 2011-2015 at the Department of ecology and
environmental Sciences of southern Federal
University. In most cases, there was a direct
correlation between pollutant concentration and the
degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties.
Used biological indicators are informative for
monitoring of urban soils polluted with heavy metal.
The degree of informativity of biological indicators
form the following row: root length > germination
>length of shoots. The results of the study can be
used for monitoring and diagnosing the condition of
contaminated soils, in the assessment of
environmental impact, risk assessment of natural and
synthetic disasters, the development of regional
standards on the content of heavy metals in soil and
in other environmental and industrial activities
There are changes in almost all the properties of
chernozems under locally overmoistening. In
general, changes in the properties and conditions of
chernozems under the development of local wetlands
went in a particular way, regardless of the
peculiarities of soil formation factors and causes
waterlogging. The most noticeable change is the
transformation of physical properties of soil and
organic matter status. According to our research,
more quickly and clearly excessive moisture causes a
change in the physical properties of the soil. There
are changes of the structural state, bulk density and
amount of water-stable aggregates. The significant
change is the transformation of soil organic matter.
There is increasing of total humus content. In a
group composition, the fraction of humic and fulvic
acids increases the share. The humus profile is
stretched. In the majority of cases in investigated
soils was diagnosed secondary salinization. The
periodic waterlogging of the soil also contributes to
the change in the amount of soil carbonates and their
distribution in the profile. Chernozems gradually lose
calcium, the main structurant and humates maker.
Among the most studied soil of Zernogradsky region
in the cationic part of the prevailing spot goes
sodium. In addition, the narrowing ratio of calcium
to magnesium was observed. That is the hallmark of
the aqueous extract of locally overmoistening soils
There has been conducted the analysis of woody plants
quantity in various types of stands in Rostov-on-Don,
as well as the evaluation of their state and the rate of
environmental resistance destabilization.
It has been ascertained that the stands of almost all of
the urban gardening objects are in a salvaged
condition. There have been elaborated
recommendations for enhancement of the stands
inspected
The analysis of phenological phenomena of 9 tree and
shrub species and longevity of their vegetation activity
was made in Tomsk (southeastern West Siberian
Plain). Since 1969 until 2013 the start of the
phenological phenomena in the trees and shrubs
became to be earlier and the end did to be later. Trends
of the start of birch juice moving and flowering is
higher (–2.5–3.4 days/decade) than trends of leave
appearance, yellowing and falling (+2.5–1.3
days/decade) in the trees and shrubs. Dates of the start
of the phonological stages and the sums of
accumulated positive temperatures high correlate
between each other. The period of their general
vegetation activity increased by 20 days and active
vegetation activity did by 7 days
The research work was conducted at the Research Laboratory
of Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Biophysics
Department of Kuban State Agrarian University. The
main purpose of this study was to select the most productive
type of fungus of a genus of Trichoderma and
optimal nutrient medium on basis of a waste of reprocessing
of soy for acquire of protein enzyme feed supplement.
For selection of a fungus of a genus
Trichoderma used 3 types: Trichoderma viride,
Trichoderma lignorum, and Trichoderma harsianum.
We used 3 types of nutrient media as a carrier for
micromycete, which were based on soy okara and the
additional sources of reprocessing of raw plant material
– husk of a sunflower, husk of wheat (bran) and
husk of rice. The results demonstrated the benefits of
using the nutrient medium based on soy okara forms
and husk of a sunflower fungus to enhance
Trichoderma lignorum production
Physical Sciences and Engineering
During the study, the authors have solved the problem
of determining the minimum number of operations by
optimizing fillability of a claw-shearing device with
trees. Sufficient optimality conditions have been
obtained. The numerical method for solving the
optimization problem was developed. We have also
performed a numerical experiment
The results of the optimization of the design and
technological parameters of a device for circular soil
tillage in forest cutovers have been obtained. The
description of the approaches to modeling of circular
soil tillage, optimization mathematical model of soil
tillage and obtained results are given in the article
The article presents the modernization option of the
forest residue furnace that allows speeding up the
drying process by boosting it. The dependencies,
reflecting the influence of the temperature of the
drying process on the heat losses of the furnace and the
effect of the load and the moisture content of the
feedstock to the fuel consumption for the entire drying
process, are presented in the article
This article describes aspects of control, regulation,
functioning and degree of influence on the condition
of life-support systems, on the safety of life support,
on the safety vital functions of society. The impact of
life-support systems on the ecological status of builtup
areas. The article refers to an increase in emissions
and the dangers of СО2 и SО2, about methods to
reduce them. It presents the dangers of hydrogen
compounds, nitrogen, chlorine, freon. We have also
presented measures to protect the environment in
urban areas
The article presents the basic antilogy, which is
attributed to forming an engineering support paradigm
of new technologies related to the subject-oriented
control in the noosphere, between the demand for an
automatical creative thinking of a control subject and
the vigilance of society to possible adverse effects of
its subjective activities. It is stated that the noosphere,
which showed miracles of automation and
cybernation, covers all types of human activities,
excluding above original positions, which they barely
touched. Uppermost it is related to the central
economics problem (economy management) – the
choice. The problem how to build an engineering
support paradigm of subject-oriented control
technologies is analyzed; it is based on the known
subject-oriented control concept supplemented by
concept-based models of the intuition mechanism,
which assume its modeling based on formal systems
with the purpose to automate control subjects mental
activity. From the standpoint of Schopenhauer’s
cognitive theory, a research method is developed to
investigate evolution and becoming of a particular
human category – engineers, which are responsible for
the steady development of noosphere of Vernadsky.
As a basis, a dynamic phylogenesis model of
engineer’s figure was taken, including ready and
effective vectors with parameters (education, intellect,
skills) and (prevision, choice, emergence),
respectively. The results of ontogenesis modeling are
given – regularities in future engineers’ preparation as
a platform for quantization and convolution of its levels based on modern mathematical methods,
including those for support engineers of subjectoriented
control technologies
The main characteristics of a transport network are the intensity of the traffic flow, speed and density of its traffic. Comfortable driver's traffic density is determined by the rule of the traffic police, which is "clearance between cars on the road should be a tenth of the speed of movement." We have built a reference curve of the density function of the flow of vehicles on its speed, which is basic when simulating a traffic flow. The article describes a model of electrical city transport networks, allowing calculating traffic flows, their speed, the density and the number of traffic lanes by means of laws of electrical engineering. We have also compared electrical concepts (current, resistance, electro-motive force, etc.) and transportation (of intensity-flow lane road, transport driving force, etc.). For the transport network there are methods of calculation of electrical circuits - a method of Kirchhoff's laws, loop currents, etc. We have confirmed the correctness of electric models and the possibility of its use for the calculation of transport networks; as well as we have presented an example of the calculation
The main causes of congestion in the city are single-level intersections regulated by traffic-lights and an insufficient number of lanes. The article provides an analysis of two problematic intersections and suggestions for their discharge. For trilateral junction of
Yaltinskaya - Uralskaya with an electric model it was determined that the number of lanes needed for different areas increased to 4 - 8. However, the causes of the conflict - the intersection of two competing streams – the turn from the bridge to Yaltinskaya street to Uralskaya and oncoming traffic from Yaltinskaya to Severnaya. Traffic light regulation does not solve the problem and helps creating congestion. It is proposed to separate traffic flows on different levels with the help of the overpass on Yaltinskaya, and the stream from Yaltinskaya to Severnaya goes on the overpass, and turning stream to Uralskaya - under the overpass. Traffic flows at the intersection on Severnaya and Turgeneva with traffic light regulation device can be diluted with a circular or a turbo intersection
The volume of transportation of passengers by taxi is 6-9% of the total traffic of all kinds of public transport depends on the size of the settlement. The main purpose and the advantage of a cab is providing services for the transportation of passengers on the route, appointed by the customer, around the clock work and comfortable travel. To unload the transport system of the city, especially during peak hours, it is proposed to introduce a new type of operational-servicing passengers - a collective taxi. It is designed to transport multiple passengers traveling in the same direction, but with different destinations landing, while the fare is much lower than in a normal taxi. In organizational sense, collective taxis can be a unitary taxi company with the official standard structure and the quantity of the workers or a division of the taxi park of the city
The article describes the process of creation of an adaptive control system with a reference model to stabilize the temperature of drying agent. It is shown that the closed systems work with the operated models is quite satisfactory and therefore can be implemented in production. The increase of the gain of the controller allows reducing the duration of the transition process by one third, almost without changing the dynamic cast
The article is a study of digital continuous system and
optimization of digital control systems. It is shown that
the standard in the synthesis of digital systems should
provide a continuous system, so first we need to create
the desired continuous system and then we could try to
get the digital system closer to it
The article considers the problems of determining the
settings area of the control device, which ensure stable
operation of the closed system. It shows the solution to
the problem using the enhanced amplitude-phase characteristics.
The proposed method of finding the domain
of stability of parameters of the control device is
more simple than classical methods and allows, in
general, to find conditions for the stability, not to test
the system for stability under given parameters
The article deals with the study of the influence of the
elastic damping mechanism (EDM) on the operability
index for arable MTU on the basis of the 1,4 class
tractor. The elastic damping mechanism was designed
in order to smooth the aggregate starting, to reduce the
dynamic load in transmission, to protect the engine
from the external load vibration. The experimental
results that were obtained while full-scale field studies
of serial and test (containing EDM in transmission)
machines are given in the article. Various oscillograms
are analyzed: torque on the axis of tractor's driving
wheel, tractive effort, the speed of the driving wheel,
angular velocity of engine shaft and haulage. The
mass-spectrum analysis was carried out to study the
tractor characteristics in time more thoroughly. Such
analysis allows to evaluate qualitatively the EDM
influence. The normalized autocorrelation function and
spectrum density of variation in time are studied in
details for the following MTU characteristics: the
wheel torque, haulage and tractive effort. These
characteristics were compared with analogous
characteristics for serial MTU model. The obtained
results confirm that the EDM use in the tractor
transmission has a positive effect on the functional
MTU indexes. Obtained data can be used in
mathematical modeling of MTU functioning
Control of the movement and positioning are the most intensive tasks of automatic control and regulation. However, these problems must be solved in the automation objects such as assembly and production lines, manufacturing machines, conveyors, hoisting machines, packaging machines, filling lines for liquids, metal-working machines. One problem lies in the fact that all the real drives are connected to the actuators with not perfectly tough shafting, but has some elasticity. This leads to the difficulty of motion of the executive body of the drive automatic control systems which consists of signal source generating signal due optimum speed diagrams for small movements of electric drive’s actuating device and automatic regulation system, which allows to work out optimum speed diagrams for small movements of electric drive’s actuating device with ultra-precision. In this article were developed optimum speed diagram for small movements of ultra-precise electric drive with elastic shafting. Were have identified all parameters of diagrams and its range of existence and also developed a device for generating the optimum speed diagram for small movements of ultra-precise electric drive with elastic shafting. The implementation of the proposed hardware software complex will significantly improve the accuracy of motion actuators of various ultra- precise DC drives
The article is dedicated to the determination of
conditions for solid bodies’ fragmentation, providing
minimal size of particles by means of their mechanical
dispersion through the example of powders of titanium
carbide (TiC), cubic boron nitride – borazon (CBN)
and boron carbide (B4C). The theoretical and practical
aspects of the process of mechanical fragmentation of
particles of solid powder materials in ball mill for their
further utilization in furnace charge for high-speed
gas-flame sputtering of wear-resistant composite
materials are examined in the article. Methods of
preliminary calculation of minimum allowable size of
solid particles of powder materials during mechanical
fragmentation, based upon Griffiths’ mechanical
theory of rapture using experimental data for hardness
of material and its yield are proposed and theoretically
substantiated. There we have the results of
experiments on mechanical fragmentation of titanium
carbide in attritor, boron carbide and cubic boron
nitride in centrifugal planetary mill, confirming
correctness of theoretical propositions and calculations
are set out. Recommendations on mechanical
fragmentation of solid powder materials in ball mills
are formulated as well
The development of agricultural production inevitably
entails an increasing volume of traffic and a turnover of
goods. Therefore, the issues of increasing transport
efficiency, reducing the price of transportations and
improving productivity acquire great importance.
In most cases, supersize dump trucks used for the
transport of agricultural production have much more than 6 tons axle load. Thus, these cars need to have
roads with improved surface to each field, which
undoubtedly is a significant drawback. Because of the
extra movements of harvester dump trucks on the
turning strip at the end of the field, it increases expenses
of damage and loss of crops and the arrival of heavy
machinery in the field leading to soil compaction, that
in the end affects the future crop. Transportation of
agricultural commodities is most effective when the car
arrives directly to the harvester machinery. Such
vehicles must have sufficient abilities and capacity of
the body comparable with the volume of a combine
hopper and has no significant impact on soil sealing.
With this method, harvesters do not make extra
movements and are not idle. Basic requirements for
vehicles used in the harvesting potatoes, are in a more
productive use due to increasing the capacity and
reducing downtime when loading or unloading and
minimizing the level of damage to other tubers. For the
transportation of agricultural products there is a
different transport technology, which either do not fully
meets the requirements of transportation of highly
fragile product, or has a significant cost. Therefore, we
require a specially equipped vehicle bodies, with a
competitive ability in the range acceptable to the
Russian Federation. As one of the innovative
developments, this article proposes a tipper body of the
vehicle for transportation of highly fragile agricultural
products. The proposed design solution for the tipper
ensures a uniform unloading of transported products
from the vehicle body and prevents arching issues
The article discusses the relevance of the
development of the methodological apparatus of
analysis and evaluation of the functioning of
complex organizational and technical systems, as
well as methods of forming a set of dynamic optimal
control models
At calculations, we have used the next assumptions: 1.
Not excluded systematic errors distributed with equal
probability; 2. Random errors are normally distributed;
3. Total error is the composition of not excluded
systematic and random errors. In calculating of
measurement error of pressure, we proceeded from
working formula. The confidence interval of each
variable less than instrumental error, therefore, to
characterize the total error of the measured value P, we
use the instrumental errors of all variables. In
estimating of temperature measurement error was
consider the systematic and random error. To estimate
random error we used measurement data of the specific
volume of water on six isotherms. Obtained values
were compared with published data. As an approximate
estimate of the random error of our experimental data,
we can take it as a total for all the isotherms of the
specific volume in comparison with the published data.
For studied fractions confidence limit of total error of
measurement results located in the range of 0,03 ч
0,1%. At temperatures close to the critical increasing
influence of errors of reference and the error associated
with the introduction of corrections on the thermal
expansion of the piezometer. In the two-phase area
confidence limit of total error increases and located
between 0,08 ч 0,15%. This is due to the sharp increase
in this area of reference error of pressure and error in
determining to the weight of the substance in the
piezometer
The industrial safety on cereal production is currently
important due to the severity of the consequences of
accidents occurring to them. It should be noted that,
despite the considerable efforts of recent years,
awareness-raising and supervisory plan towards
preventing their occurrence, the lack of attention of
organizations operating hazardous production facilities
to comply with the relevant standards and
requirements allows us to characterize the recent
situation in this area quite difficult, as evidenced by
statistics. In this article it is clearly illustrated the
qualitative and quantitative expression of such an
approach in practice. The conceptual framework is
disclosed in the light of efforts to carry out industrial
safety examination in the conformity assessment of
hazardous industrial facilities according to industrial
safety requirements in the Russian Federation. The
basic methods and technical means used for the
prevention of accidents at hazardous production
facilities of storage and processing of plant raw
materials provide an overview of domestic and foreign
producers. The item-description of the system of
protection of buildings and facilities of hazardous
production facilities is given taking into account the
industry specifics. There are specified the key factors
meeting modern technical requirements, cost-based
position of enterprises, ensuring conditions for safe
operation of the storage and processing of plant raw
materials
The article reveals the advantages of low energy in comparison with other renewable energy sources. It is shown that broad prospects are visible for small (100 - 1000 kW) and micro hydropower plants (up to 100 kW) when used in the foothill and mountain areas. At the same time, the construction of hydropower plants of sleeve-type has improved the operational and technical characteristics, among other types of small-scale power plants. The article presents main analytical expressions for calculating hydroelectric power generator and it has built graphic dependences for the power generator of pressure and water flow. To improve the performance of small hydroelectric power plants we have proposed using unregulated water turbine and non-contact induction generator in their construction, thus, we could stabilize voltage and frequency directly by the frequency converter. Depending on the requirements of consumers to power supply reliability and electricity quality, we have offered several options for structural and circuit solutions of autonomous systems of electrosupply, made using small hydroelectric power plants. Thus, we can greatly enhance the efficiency of such systems if they are used with other types of renewable sources, such as windfarms or solar power plants
The article analyzes the main characteristics of the electricity generators to use them as a part of small hydroelectric power plants. It is shown, that contactless asynchronous generators in comparison with synchronous generators and DC generators have improved their operational and technical characteristics, and above all, their reliability and performance efficiency. We have shown graphic dependences of the cost and the weight of power generators. It is proposed using direct frequency converter as a stabilizer of parameters of asynchronous generator of electricity, used as a source of electricity for small hydropower plants. The article explains the features of the work and the choice of parameters for generators, working together with the direct frequency converters. The authors have revealed some aspects of the work of direct frequency converters with natural commutation and with adjustable phase angle, including their advantages and disadvantages. The article also presents block diagrams for small hydroelectric power plants, made with the help of asynchronous generators and direct frequency converters
The article deals with the basic methods of stabilizing voltage generators for small hydroelectric power plants. It shows a block diagram of the implementation and analysis of the characteristics of the work; it reveals the advantages and disadvantages. The authors explain the features of the work of the functional circuits voltage regulators with discrete ballast, with phase control and management of the load current. It is shown, that to improve the performance of small hydroelectric power plants considerably we have to use contactless generators in their construction: asynchronous generators with capacitive excitation and synchronous generators with permanent magnets. The functional scheme of the voltage regulator, the construction of which has an additional field winding, simplifies the system voltage stabilization of the synchronous generator with permanent magnets, as well as a functional scheme of an asynchronous generator voltage regulator, made using step-up transformers, which significantly reduces the weight of the capacitors providing excitation of the generator and compensation of reactive power load. We have discussed the methods and devices for stabilization of voltage generators which will improve the effectiveness of pre-design work on the creation of new devices of stabilization of parameters of electric power generators for small hydroelectric power plants with improved operational and technical specifications
The article shows that to improve the performance of autonomous systems we need new methods and principles of their design, associated with both the use of renewable sources and the application of new technical solutions of electromechanical generators and static stabilizers and inverters electric power settings. We have disclosed modern requirements for generators of electric power, as well as features of calculating the parameters of contactless electrical power generators: asynchronous generators capacitive excitation and asynchronous generators with permanent magnets. The article presents some analytical expressions for calculating the electrical losses and the efficiency of the generators, specific weight and power. It is shown, that expedient to designing contactless electrical power generators to carry out as part of the autonomous electricity supply systems, as it is sometimes advantageous to understate the main criteria of efficiency of generators, in order to improve, for example, weight and overall dimensions of static converters. The conclusion is made that in order to improve the efficiency of designing contactless electrical power generators in the early stages of designing it is necessary to carry out a preliminary assessment of the main criteria of efficiency of contactless electrical machines. We have also discussed analytical expressions, which might be used for preliminary evaluation of application features for various types of contactless generators in the stand-alone electricity supply systems taking into account the conditions of use
The article shows the main advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy sources. It is shown, that in general, the use of renewable energy in the world has acquired real momentum and stable growth trend. An interesting fact is that the greatest application was currently the most mutable and unstable form of energy - wind. The total global installed capacity of large wind turbines, according to various estimates, is approximately 20 GW. This is because the specific investment in wind power is lower than with most other forms of renewable energy. The article presents features of the design and operation of modern wind power stations. It is shown that when choosing wind power plants and stations we must take into account the following main parameters and factors: the average value of amount of electricity consumed by power consumers on a monthly basis; power generator; uptime in the absence wind or when weak wind. The study shows block-circuit solutions of different options of energy systems made using wind power plants. We have also disclosed prospects of development wind energy and considered the advantages and the features of the choice of the main functional units of wind power stations which will increase the effectiveness of predesign work on the creation of high-performance systems of electrosupply with combined power supply systems based on renewable energy sources
Due to strict economical factors, determining a
service life of the structural components of a tracked
timber-harvesting machine (TTHM), including the
support rollers becomes a key issue for the
manufacturers and customers. With that, optimum
relationship between the original cost of the support
rollers and their life cycle cost for maintenance and
repair during the entire service life shall be observed.
The timber harvesting machines are operated under
severe environmental and production conditions. In
the course of operation, they meet variable obstacle,
including stubs, stones, fallen trees, etc., which in
their turn affect negatively the service life of the
support rollers. This article offers a research of the
service life of the tracked timber harvesting machine
support rollers. It describes main defects of the
support rollers, including operational, mechanical
and thermal ones, as well as embedded flaws and
dynamic defects. It also presents the factors affecting
the support rollers' wear. The article presents a
service life-determining model where the following
principle can be generally applied. Service life of a
support roller is determined by its admissible
operational wear-out divided by actual factor for this
support roller and operational conditions
One can see some density irregularity within the roll
in the baler with a chamber of constant volume. We
have found out that the maximum density of hay roll
width (the baler width) is observed in the middle part.
This is due to the shape of the hay roll entering the
baler. To even the hay rolls they have mounted some
rotating disks having some inclined spring pins above
the baler. To improve the roller distribution the disks
above the baler have been pushed forward forming a
tapering gap. The evening discs rotating above the
moving roll will cause some relative motion of hay
particles. The interaction of the evening disks with
the hay roll in the vertical plane will be determined
by the elasticity of the hay roll and the weight of the
frame with the disks. We have studied the trajectories
of hay particles motion with the help of MathCad
program. We have had the following initial
parameters: the degree of compaction (decrease of the
roll height when evening), the friction coefficient, the
angle rate of the evening disks, the number of pins and the speed of the hay roll. As a result we have got
the trajectories of the hay particles motion when the
evening disks functioning. The analysis of the
trajectories has allowed to establish some basic
parameters of the evening device such as the distance
of 0.15…0.2 m between the pins; the degree of
compression while evening 20...25 %, the angle rate
of the evening discs 23...30 rad / s and the diameter
of the evening disc 0.74 m. The application of the
evening device in the form of the disks with pins
provides a uniform distribution of hay particles
edgewise of the baler ensuring preliminary hay roll
seal press before passing to the baler pressure
chamber that contributes to getting the rolls with
larger mass and a uniform distribution of hay density
inside the roll
Researches of fine-grained concrete testify the
possibility of using mineral mechanically activated and
nano-additives in a complex with the anti-frost
additives providing the organization of production of
concrete works at negative air temperatures that is
especially important for the Arctic regions
The article deals with the models and the methods of
the market of the proposed sub-systems and
equipment, based on the analysis of the requirements
for security to choose the best solution for the
synthesis of the integrated security system
The NP-problem of discrete optimization of consumption of non-renewable resources is considered in the article. It is offered to use transitions of NP-system conditions on the complete graph with number of vertexes, equal to quantity of discrete resources, for the problem decision. The purpose of such system is construction of a chain of the predetermined length and the minimum weight on the complete graph. The length of a chain defines quantity of the consumed resources. The problem factor is factorial growth of number of variants of chains on graph at linear growth of quantity of resources. The main idea consists in a finding of statistical regularities of ranks of transitions of NP-system at construction of chains with the minimum weight on graphs of the small size. Use of ranks allows to abstract from concrete weights of transitions, which are variables for each problem of optimization, and to find the patrimonial feature of all optimum decisions. It is offered to use the found regularities to solve the problems of the big dimension. As a result of researches, it has been defined that probabilities of ranks of transitions are described by geometric distribution. In the article, the algorithm of definition of parameter of geometrical distribution for a rank of each transition depending on the initial and consumed quantity of resources is presented. Realization of a method of generating of suboptimum chains is based on use of generators of the pseudo-random numbers setting values of each rank of transition of NP-system according to geometrical distribution of probabilities. It is offered two variants of generators of ranks of chains to use. Computer experiment has shown useful effect of an offered method at the decision of problems of small and average dimension
This article presents the issues related to the
application of electrical ozonation to enhance seed
germination. The calculations confirming the
theoretical conclusions were made
The aim of the research is the determination of rational technology of post-harvest treatment of seeds of sunflower. Existing technologies that are implemented in grain cleaning units and complexes for the preparation of seed material type GCM (Voronezhselmash), "Polyma" (Belarus) and others perform seed treatment by sequential processing on all cleaning machines. Return at any point not provided, it is necessary to conduct repeated handling throughout the chain of cars that leads to the reduction of seed yield, decreased performance and increased injury to seed. Research Institute of oil crops designed container technology in universal seed cleaning complex, eliminates these disadvantages and allows finishing the processing of seed material at the time of matching seeds with the requirements of GOST at any stage. In seed output pneumatic sorting machines MOS-9N, which is seed cleaning complex that contained diseased seeds that differ from healthy seeds by color and lowered their quality. To improve the quality of seed material was applied photoelectron separator F 5.1, followed by separation of sunflower seeds on the dimension fraction (Ø7-Ø8 mm, Ø8-Ø9мм). In the result of the research container technology with subsequent fractionation of sunflower seeds on the separator at the final stage of their processing improves the yield of highly certified seeds from 92.90 to 93.20 % compared 91,20 % (without fractionation) and reduce the content of their departure from 68,83 to 65,60 % compared 85,52 % (without fractionation) depending on size fraction
Traditional processing technology of piles of sunflower seeds in agriculture requires consecutive through the whole set seed-cleaning machines installed in seed-cleaning complex or aggregate, for each stage of which are organic impurity, broken seeds, shriveled and milled seeds. The seeds of the main culture are subjected to long-time effects of the working bodies, leading to their injury and the necessity of manning the production line machines the same performance that is not rational. One of the ways to enhance the process of separating the seed material in seed-cleaning complex is its fractionation by applying photoelectron separator at the final stage of seed treatment. Qualitative performance of photoelectron separator on fractional technology showed that the purity of the seeds varied from 99.80 up to 99.98% depending on their size Ø7–Ø8 mm Ø8–Ø9 mm, respectively. The content of seeds of the main culture in the waste ranged from 65.60 % (fraction Ø7–Ø8 mm) to 68.83 % (fraction Ø8–Ø9мм). The weight of 1000 seeds ranged from 117 g (fraction Ø7–Ø8 mm) to 146 g (fraction Ø8–Ø9мм). Seeds obtained in fractions and existing technology (without fractionation) meet the requirements of GOST. The output of treated seeds in the fractionation varied from 93.20 % (fraction Ø7–Ø8 mm) to 92,90 % (fraction Ø8–Ø9 mm). Comparative tests of photoelectron separator F 5.1 in seed-cleaning complex by the division of sunflower seeds on the existing and fraction technology showed that in the photoelectron separator it is necessary to use fractional technology. So, as it allows reducing the content in waste of seeds of the main culture and increase the qualities of seeds depending on their size fractions
Introduction of mineral fertilizers is performed by centrifugal devices. By quantity of disks, centrifugal devices distinguish one disk and two-disk. On the volume of capacities for storage of mineral fertilizers distinguish bunker and body. Bunker contains volume from 0.5 to 1.5m3. Body has capacity more 2m3. Advantages of bunker centrifugal devices are noted. Material from the bunker moves on a centrifugal disk perpendicular to the rotation plane. At the time of material capture by shovels, crushing of particles and their reflection from shovels and the plane of a disk takes place. It leads to increase in unevenness of introduction of mineral fertilizers. At EMTP chair of the Kuban GAU the centrifugal device with supply of material along shovels is developed. The scheme of the centrifugal device is submitted. A device for introduction of mineral fertilizers contains the one-disk centrifugal device, the cone-shaped bunker and the cylindrical batcher. The batcher gate regulates supply of material on a disk. The technique of determination of design and technological data of the developed design is presented. The place of supply of material on a disk is regulated by rotation of the batcher round a vertical axis. The norm of supply of material on a disk changes the batcher gate. Preliminary control of a place of giving is made on model material with coefficient of friction of f 1. Under production conditions, turn of the batcher from initial situation is made depending on coefficient of friction of the f2 fertilizers.
At f1 ˃ f2 turn of the batcher against the direction of rotation of a disk, and at f1 ≤ f2 turn of the batcher in the direction of rotation of a disk
The absence of theoretical bases for interaction of the
magnetic field and cellular mechanism, the lack of an
effective way to determining the results of this action
has led to the creation of a large number of machines
and devices of electromagnetic influence on
biological objects of vegetable and animal origin.
Many of them are contain special generators and
inductors developed for a specific type of object. By
means of these constructions, used in electro
technological processes at agricultural companies of
the Kuban region, we increase productivity of
different crops, increase productivity of animals and
poultry, change the physical and chemical properties
of liquids and solutions, conducted in boiler water
preparation. A distinctive feature of the
electromagnetic field processing of objects of
biological origin is sufficiently high efficiency of
outcomes at insignificant energy costs. All this
foreshadows further improve the long-term
development and research in this area. By analyzing
the existing devices, it can be concluded, that all of
presently available designs for electromagnetic
treatment are classified by a common attribute - a
method for creating a magnetic field. The lack of
reliable, logically complete theory of influence of
electromagnetic influence on biological systems
agricultural purpose and the availability of practical
recommendations when to use inductors working on
constant, and when the AC has led to the fact that to
obtain the necessary effect, share the same devices
have become connected to various sources of supply
The necessity of an exact determination of their parameters and characteristics appear in the connection with the extension of the sphere of application of solar photovoltaic modules in some cases. It is reasonable to use the method of computer modeling for the analysis of characteristics of specific solar modules at different levels of illumination and values of temperature. In the article there was presented the order of working out of a simulation model of photovoltaic modules in the medium Matlab/Simulink. The simulation model is based on the basis of pentaparametric analytical model of the volt-ampere characteristics of a solar cell. The worked out model allows to research the volt-ampere and volt-watt characteristics of solar modules in dependence on levels of intensity of solar radiation, temperature, values of short-circuit current, tension of single step, internal resistances of solar elements and a diode parameter as well. The discrepancy of data of results of modeling with technical characteristics does not exceed 7%
The article considers the problem of reforestation on of processing stations, such as coupe, gully and mountain slopes. To improve the efficiency of the planting work proposed a construction of universal soil-processing instrument (USPI), is able to form discrete planting spot in the form of spot mounding in conditions temporarily humid soil or spot area (with removal of the top layer) on drained soils with simultaneous formation of planting cup for planting of forest plantation. For assessing effectiveness of his work, there was developed an experimental sample of the USPI and conducted its field trials. During the two-factor solution of the problem of optimization of the performance of the USPI there were selected optimization criteria, namely performance, quality and economic feasibility of work instrument, as well as the varied parameters exerting the most influence. To detection the analytical dependences between these parameters, we have performed a series of nine experiments, performed the approximation of functions by polynomials of second order. The result was obtained analytical formulas characterizing the influence of the varied parameters of the USPI on the quality of his work. Also, we have found graphical surfaces response and performed a visual analysis , which allowed determining the optimal values of the varied parameters of the USPI
The article investigates the experience of
implementing automated control systems, which
indicates that at the system design phase, it is difficult
to choose a single criterion of control. Therefore, in the
control system it should be possible to quickly set the
criterion during operation, and methods of assignment
should clearly reflect the agronomic, economic and
technical requirements for the system. Thus, modern
control system should allow to define not only one of
the above control criteria, or a combination, but any
other arising in the production process, providing
agronomist-technologist opportunities in choosing a
method of maintaining temperature and humidity
conditions in the greenhouse. Greenhouse is a fastpaced
environment and the state largely depends on
the intensity of sunlight, humidity, direction and wind
speed, the number of fertilized soil and its humidity.
Competent and correct management of these
parameters is a complex task and involves certain
costs, but in the end allows you to benefit many times
greater than the costs. The developed system called
"Microclimate" will have a positive effect on any
hosted sites, as it allows to increase energy efficiency
and reduce fuel costs for heating greenhouses,
electricity, water
The article considers prerequisites for the development
of complex software and tools for data analysis,
modeling, forecasting and management decision
making in the management of IT-projects. System of
decision support can facilitate the work of heads of
enterprises and increase its efficiency. They
significantly accelerate the solution of problems in
business. In the organization, there is a software
complex, which suggests that the transmission of
information about incoming orders and deadlines for
every Department and information on the
implementation of the orders of the head is performed
via the software package. Using software system, the
client leaves a request for the execution of services.
The Manager sends a request to the appropriate
Department. Units, in turn, convey information about
the status of the application via the software package.
The software package provides fast remote bilateral
communication in electronic form between the client
and Manager and between Manager and the
departments. In a company, the head and head of
sector perform the coordination of work in
implementation of IT projects. However, there are a
number of human factors that make people cannot
keep track of the timely execution of all requests from
subordinates
The purpose of research – the development of models
and methods of multiparametrical diagnostic the
research activities of scientific and pedagogical
collectives of educational institutions. The
problematics of research is improving the quality and
productivity (the efficiency) of research activities in
educational institutions. The problem of research is the
question of how to objectively and comprehensively
(in a complex) diagnose the research activities of
scientific and pedagogical collectives? The urgency of
solving specified problem is caused by the need to
ensuring a close relationship between research,
methodological and educational activities in
educational institutions. We have also to consider the
increasing role of clusters in the Russian economy,
cooperation and integration levels (steps) a system of
continuous education, etc. The authors identified the
parameters reflecting significance of research activities
of the scientific and the pedagogical collectives for the
scientific and educational community (social megaenvironmental).
When allocating indicators the authors
took into account that science - the social and cultural
phenomenon and the social institution, and the most
important aspect of the significance of the research
activity - in the innovative development of various
spheres of human activity. The applied methods of
research: mathematical modeling; methods of the
theory of graphs, sets and relations; methods of
"artificial intelligence" and the multi-parameter analysis of systems; methods of quality control (theory
of latent variables). Methodological bases of research:
systemic, cultural, competence, metasystem,
sociological, qualimetric and synergetic approaches
The article presents the results of the analytical
research of the movement of components of forages in
screw drums on the example of relative reels of
Rts7.1.A and Rts5.1a having the next feature: on the
perimeter, we have obviously expressed conditionally
cylindrical screw lines formed. The carried-out
analysis of the movement of particles of components
of forages in relative screw drums and the executed
review of mathematical models in relation to the
movement of components of forages in relative screw
drums, including a model of a continuous stream of
particles of components of forages, a model of power
balance of the movement of a continuous stream of
particles of components of forages, a model of the
movement of components of forages as a material
point has been shown. Analytical dependences for
determination of longitudinal speed of movement of
components of forages and the length of a relative
screw drum are presented. The article examines
specified settlement models of the movement of
components of forages in relative screw drums
Life Sciences
The total area of green spaces in the capital of Dagestan now stands at 3003.5 hectare, and in the mid-1960s - 186 hectares. Green areas of common use per capita in 2015 compared to 1960 has decreased dramatically and amounted to 3.6%, which is only 1.0% of the norm. The race of landscape construction of the city far behind the race of construction of residential and office sectors, and the existing green spaces either in quantity or quality does not matches the sanitary and aesthetic requirements, in addition there is a low level of artistic and architectural planning of green space. We have also described the questions of the history of the garden and the park building in Makhachkala and meticulously analyzed the rock-species (species, forms, varieties) of the composition of green space. We have marked the evaluation of their condition. Despite the great diversity of species composition (281 kind of woody plants, including 60 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms 221 views), we have noticed that almost everywhere there was cultivated only a small part of them. This is despite the fact, that the Republic of Dagestan has a rich species diversity of local flora, which can be effectively used in landscaping. Here, too, there are favorable climatic conditions for the introduction of new species. It should be noted that the private sector can be traced as having the opposite trend. Some recommendations have been given to improve the structure and condition of the trees and bushes planted in the city. Finally, we have shown the necessity of linking the production of green building works with the scientific activities of specialized education and research institutions in the city
In recent years leaf tan spot had dominated into
pathogenic complex of wheat in southern Russia. The
causative agent of this disease is hemibiotrophic
ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.)
Drechsler; imperfect state of Drechslera triticirepentis
(Died) Shoem. It causes two different
symptoms in susceptible wheat varieties: chlorosis and
necrosis. Under epiphytotic disease progression crop
losses can achieve 65%. One of the most important
elements of phytosanitary control of wheat cenosis is
scientifically relevant chemical fungicides application.
Biological efficiency of some fungicides against
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been estimated.
Research was conducted on the experimental ground
of FSBSI ARRIBPP on the variety susceptible to the
pathogen – Krasnodarskaya 99. Preparations were
tested one time at leaf-tube formation (Z37) phase or
two times: at leaf-tube formation (Z37) and start of
heading (Z51) stages. Double treatment was more
effective than a single one. Fungicides “Amistar extra”
and “Prozaro” have got the high biological efficiency
– 80,7 and 83,7%, consequently, and longer protective
period (up to 40 days) in comparison to every tested
fungicides
Some derivatives of 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridines,
N-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinil-3-carboxamides and
substituted naphthalene-2-sulfonic amides were
synthesized for the search of the new winter wheat
growth regulators. The growth regulating activity of
the new compounds was studied and the substances
with high growth stimulating effect were found
In the modern wine growing, for fighting against root
phylloxera an inoculation of European-Asian grapes
varieties on rootstocks steady against this wrecker is
used. In this article we present the information about
the types of rootstocks of domestic and foreign
breeding used in the modern branch of wine
growing. The area of their use is described; the
useful properties of rootstocks and their demerits are
highlighted. The purpose of this work is creating new
grapes rootstocks which wouldn't have the merits of
existing rootstocks. The short description of the
grapes rootstocks which were created in the Anapa
Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and
winemaking such as AZOS-1, AZOS-2, AZOS-3,
AZOS-4, AZOS-5 and AZOS-6 is given in the
article. It is indicated that these rootstocks have a
high resistance to a leaf form of phylloxera, to
chlorosis and to some other diseases of a grapes
bush. They have the short period of vegetation, high
quantity of standard cutting from hectare and other
useful properties. In the article the description of a
new formation of rootstocks grapes bushes of "AOS-
1" and "AOS-2" with a free trail shoots is given. This
construction of grapes bush is developed by the
Anapa's Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing
and winemaking. We have also given all the
advantages of this forming in comparison with other
designs of grapes bushes. It is especially noted that
use of this forming of bushes increases the
productivity per men in the process of bushes scrap
and preparation of cutting; the expenditures on the
struggle against diseases and wreckers on the vineyards are reduced; the quantity standard of
grapes cutting increases by 27-33%
The article presents the results of the study to
determine changes in indicators of fertility in typical
Chernozem of the Belgorod region and the
productivity of winter wheat using different
agricultural technologies, including elements of
biologization
On the example of middle-aged and mature
valuable forest stands we have brought an
assessment of forestry and economic efficiency
of various options of silvicultural actions for the
reconstruction of invaluable young growths (17
objects with a total area of 102,6 hectares) which
was carried out in 1947-1959 and to formation of
plantings from subgrowth and young growth of
the coniferous breeds kept when carrying out
gradual and continuous cabins in 1962-1996 and
also from forest cultures (8 objects of 44,9
hectares) for conditions of the coniferous and
broad-leaved woods of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The results of the researches showed that the best
indicators of forestry and economic efficiency of
actions of care of the woods by reconstruction are
observed in pine plantings at a continuous way:
the grown-up wood reserves on a root (346-522
m3/hectare in 55 years) exceed stocks of modal
forest stands on 109-288 m3/hectare with
economic efficiency within 10625-50659
rub/hectare. Slightly less efficient - larch and
spruce plantings at a corridor way of
reconstruction. Similar indicators of actions for
formation of plantings from subgrowth represent
positive results as well: forestry efficiency made
from 31 to 208 m3/hectare, economic - within
10584-26846 rub/hectare. Based on the
researches we made conclusions, offers and
recommendations for practical use in forestry of
the Republic of Tatarstan
Many old varieties of grapes do not meet modern
requirements, so there is a need for improved
assortment of new high-quality varieties. The
translation of the vineyards of the black sea coast of
the Krasnodar region on inoculated culture is not fully
decided the fate of the viticulture of the area. Weak
resistance of American rootstocks to increased content
of calcium and salts in the soil, caused the weakening
of the bushes, reducing the vigor of the shoots, their
maturation and yield of grape plantations in some
areas of the district while reducing their quality
indicators. In this regard, the development of new
high-yielding varieties suitable for own-rooted
viticulture remains the most urgent task for breeders.
The article shows the potential of many years of
breeding work and study of grapes of technical
varieties in Anapa Zone Station, tolerant to phylloxera
and resistant to fungal diseases and frost, with high
quality products and gives a brief description of some
prominent grape varieties
Small-leaved lime (Tília cordata) is wonderful species
of trees, producing honey. This tree species is not
cultivated in forest tree nurseries of Head forestry
department of the Omsk region for the purpose of an
artificial reproduction. Small-leaved lime grows wild in
Bolshyi Uki, Ust-Ishym and Tevris areas. This forest is
the basis for a honey production. Small-leaved lime
occupies a very small area, which equals 1,5 ha. Natural
reproduction of small-leaved lime in the Omsk
Pryirtysh district is a reliquiae. Questions of
reproduction of small-leaved lime have not been studied
yet. Shoots cloning of small-leaved lime has an
important practical value for areas of natural
reproduction. A technology of seed reproduction has
not been developed for the Omsk region. Complexity of
the matter is in the existence of a long and deep
physiological quiescent period of small-leaved lime
seeds. Experimental facts of small-leaved lime seed
reproduction has been described in this article. Results
of measuring of height and root neck diameter of oneand
two-year old plants have been shown. The
influence of putting young plants in the shadow on
their growth and development has been evaluated. It has
been shown that seedlings received from small-leaved
lime growing in the Оmsk State Agrarian University
Dendrology Park have large variation in the growth
and development parameters and the fact of casting
shadows on the plants truly affects the height of oneand
same as two-year old samples
Grapes are product of areas. Grape plant is very plastic
and can grow on almost all types of soils except highly
saline, fusion and wetlands. In studies of many
authors, it was indicated the influence of different soil
types and their properties on the growth of the vine
plants, the quality of berries and their products. The
object of study is soils and vines growing on them,
laws and processes affecting the formation of grape
production. Research methods are expeditions, field
and laboratory. The article presents data on the effect
of agrochemical soil properties (pH, solid residue, the
amount of aqueous extract ions, chlorine ions,
alkalinity (НSO3¯), calcium ion, magnesium ion, total
carbonate, active carbonates, nitrate nitrogen, mobile
phosphorus, exchangeable potassium , humus, humus
reserves) on the formation of the harvest of grapes and
wine products (tasting score, the extract, the amount of
phenolic compounds, the amount of organic acids, the
amount of amino acids, metal ions, potassium ions,
sodium metal, magnesium ions, calcium ions, the
amount of metal ions). With the help of statistical data,
we can establish the effect of weather conditions on the formation of 2009-2011 qualitative wines of
Cabernet Sauvignon
In the article we present the results of the researches
on the study of the different systems of basic treatment
of soil on the plants of sunflower, as well as its
infestation by one-year and perennial weeds and its
productivity on usual black soils of the Krasnodar
region
The article presents a comparative analysis of national
economic importance of winter barley in relation to
other crops. The advantages of winter barley in a
number of factors have been observed. The information
about acreage under crop and gross yield of this crop is
presented in an article in the form of tables. The authors
have studied such important factors as a dynamics of
acreage of crop yield in the main regions of cultivation.
Against the overall negative dynamics of sown areas,
they noted a clear increase in 2013. An analysis of grain
yield of winter barley in the main regions of cultivation
by year has been presented graphically. Special
attention was paid to the Southern Federal District and
the Krasnodar Territory in particular as a major
producer of grain of winter barley. The analysis of
yields in the major regions of cultivation of winter
barley showed a clear advantage of the Krasnodar
region. The index of the average grain yield of winter
barley cultivation in this region for the period from
2003 to 2008 has been shown. Moreover, the article has
presented the role of sorts in increasing the yield grade.
We have also highlighted the issue of selection of
winter barley in our country. The desirability of
increasing the production of winter barley in the
Russian Federation has been noted as well
It was experimentally established, that the inclusion
dietary supplements, based on whey in feed mixtures
for broiler chickens improves digestibility and nutrient
digestibility of feed, which has a positive effect for
live weight of poultry
The article presents the results of the study on the magnesium mode of leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasia at three rotation of grain-grass-tilled crop rotation. Magnesium in the soil is represented mainly by non-exchangeable form, the number of which is estimated at 90,18 and 91,29 % of gross reserves. Exchange forms of magnesium are 8,68 and 7,71 % respectively in arable and the subsurface layer. The share of water-soluble and organic forms account for less than 1 % - of 0.62 and 0.68 and 0.46 and 0.38% respectively. For three rotation 11-full rotation of gross stocks of magnesium in the soil in which crops were grown without fertilizers has decreased by 0.02 % (200 mg/kg), with fertilizers of 0.03 and 0.02 % (300 and 200 mg/kg). Intense magnesium has been leached from the topsoil. There was a change of the soil content of the forms of magnesium. In the rotation without fertilizer, the share of non-exchangeable magnesium in the General Fund item increased from baseline by 0.27 % in arable and 0.11% of the subsurface layer of soil that the absolute content decreased. The amount of water-soluble, exchangeable and organic magnesium of the soil decreased. Reducing the amount of water-soluble (0.05 and 0.06 %) and metabolic (0.18 and 0.02 %) of magnesium was due to its consumption of the plants. The proportion of magnesium organic part of the soil is reduced as a result of steadily declining yields, and, therefore, the amount of organic residues. In crop rotation, use of mineral fertilizers we have observed different behavior of magnesium compounds in the soil. The number of non-exchangeable magnesium decreased from baseline by 0.13 % in arable and 0,58 % of the subsurface layer of soil. The content of the exchange of magnesium increased respectively 0.43 and 0.41 %, water soluble - 0.13 and 0.10 %, and the organic part of the soil - 0.02 and 0.02 %
The article presents results of studying the total content and the forms of Nickel in the Western Caucasus leached Chernozem at three rotations of 11-fild grain-grass-arable crop rotation. The Nickel content in the soil is close to its Clark (40 mg/kg) and significantly lower than UEC (80 mg/kg). Scientifically based system for fertilizing crop rotation does not lead to the accumulation of Nickel in the soil, but creates the conditions for increasing its mobility. In the future, we may experience the need of the inclusion of Nickel into the system of fertilization of crops grown on leached Chernozem. The Nickel content in the leached Chernozem before development of crop rotation was generally close to Clark soils of the world (40 mg/kg) and significantly lower than UEC (80 mg/kg), which favors the production of high quality produce. After three rotations of the crop rotation without using fertilizers, the total content of Nickel and acid-insoluble form in the soil decreased slightly, but the number of the element extracted with both buffer and acid extractor, increased insignificantly. The decrease of the total content of Nickel and its reserve (acid-insoluble) fund in the soil we explain with the annual exclusion of the element with harvests crops from the fields, and the trend of increasing mobile and acid-soluble - mineralization of humus followed by acidification of the soil. Systematic mineral fertilization on field crop rotation was slightly up for the Nickel fund of the soil, but did not ensure the recovery of the initial level. At the same time, at fertilize crop rotation we observed a clear trend of increasing the number of rolling and acid-soluble Nickel. If we consider that the value of the MPC for moving Nickel is equal to 6 mg/kg, these changes may not have any negative environmental impacts, but rather will encourage the use of this ultra-microelement by plants
The article presents results of studying total content
of titanium in both not fertilized and systematically
fertilized black leached soil. Science-based system of
fertilizer crop rotation allows solving problems of
sufficient balance of nutrients in the system of "soilplant-fertilizer",
increasing the quantity and
improving the quality of the crop. At the same time,
their application is active influence on the natural
environment. In the soil, there is an input of a large
set of chemical elements come along with fertilizers.
In addition, due to their physiological pH or
alkalinity, fertilizers are capable to affect the physical
and chemical properties of the soil. The use of
mineral fertilizers in scientifically based doses on the
fields of crop rotation for 33 years virtually has no
impact on the content of titanium in leached
Chernozem. In the arable layer its number increased
only by 2.1 %, and in subsurface - it is the same as in
the crop without fertilizer. Enrichment of topsoil with
titanium is due to desilication of rocks during
weathering. Due to the low solubility of titanium
minerals, they remain in the place longer, and
therefore, the content of the element in the soil
increases. As you know, fertilizers applied to the
fields of crop rotation, increase the intensity of the
biological cycle of substances and thereby enhance
the process of destruction of the parent rocks
Social Sciences and Humanities
On the basis of the periodic analysis of the materials
of the Soviet post-war decades, this article attempts
to analyze the activities of commercial enterprises to
meet the consumer demand of the rural population.
According to the author, the abolition of the card
system in the Soviet Union in 1947 did not reach the
stated goals: increasing demand of the population
was unable to meet the deficit and preserve
consumer goods led to the emergence of new social
relations and relations between individuals included
in the power hierarchy and employees trade
institutions, and the bulk of the rural population is
supplied with goods on leftovers. Many shopping
facilities in collective farms did not have time to
prepare for work in a trade without a card and as a
result, the first days of the reform were not working.
In rural areas, acute shortage of food and industrial
products: matches, kerosene, clothing, etc. Villagers
not infrequently encountered rude attitude on the
part of those engaged in trade and unsanitary
conditions reigning in retail establishments. In many
settlements, timetable of stores sellers was not
respected and it gave yet another disadvantage to the
rural population
The article deals with the post-war reshuffle of forces in
the near Stalin’s enclosing, which ended with the largest
repressive campaign of the late Stalinism. Shortly, after
the war Stalin encouraged the competition in the system of
the highest power, he goes to the formation of a new
center of power and sets out the party and state
appointments, so called "leningradcev." At the same time
strengthening the position of A. Zhdanov, A. Kuznetsova,
N.Voznesenskogo "the host" accompanies with a limited
sphere of influence of G. Malenkov and L. Beria. During
the 1946-1948, following with the favorite tactics of
checks and balances, the leader does not carry the
advantages of any parties. However, in summer of 1948
the interpersonal conflict between Stalin and Zhdanov was
identified and the sudden death of the latter, destroyed the
existing guide in the narrow balance of power, were the
starting point for the beginning prosecution of
"leningradcev" without guardianship. Using the suspicions
and phobias of the leader, Malenkov and Beria were able
to initiate the "Leningrad affair". The author thinks that if
Zhdanov did not have a fatal cardiac infarction, he would
be back to work in Moscow from the necessitous vocation,
would stay in the membership of governing group and the
bloody reprisals would be avoided
Social Sciences and Humanities
The basic ideas of the developed by us solidary
information economy are analyzed (the original
name - the nonformal informational economy of
the future). Its use as the base of modern
organizational-economic theory in exchange for the
term of “economics” is proved. The core of
researches in the field of the NIEF is forecasting of
development of the future society and its economy,
working out of organizational-economic methods
and models, necessary for the future and intended
for increase of efficiency of managerial processes.
The economy is a science how to make, instead of,
how to divide profit. The basic kernel of the
modern economic theory is an engineering
economy. As the economic component of state
ideology of Russia we offer solidary information
economy. According to the solidary information
economy the modern information technology and
decision theory allow, based on the “open network
society”, to build information and communication
system designed to identify the needs of people and
the organization of production in order to meet
them. To implement this feature we must have
political will of leadership of economic unit, aimed
at transforming the management of this economic
unit. In particular, as is already happening in all
developed countries, the Russian state should
become a major player in the economy
The article discusses the importance of extra capital to ensure the effective development of both a single economic entity, and society as a whole. The authors analyze the process of formation and development of information society in the world and in Russia in particular. We have studied various scientific approaches to the definition of the modern paradigm of human development and defined the individual characteristics which, in the authors' opinion, are peculiar to the information society. The article analyzes the importance of innovation and investment in knowledge and information for the development of the Russian Federation of a modern market economy and a high level of well-being of each individual citizen and society as a whole. The dynamics of information and communication component of modern Russia, in the context of households and the productive sector has been studied. The criteria of investment attractiveness of the economic entity have been substantiated. We have studied the dynamics of the financial and economic results of the investigated economic entity - the Krasnodar branch of Soyuzmorgeo company. The article identifies the problems impeding the development of effective study of the organization. The authors have performed the analysis of the investment attractiveness of the Krasnodar branch of «Soyuzmorgeo» and recommended basic perspective directions of increasing its investment attractiveness
The article considers current economic situation in the economy of the Krasnodar region, the importance of import substitution in the future functioning and regulation of regional development of agro-industrial complex. The positive impact on the agricultural economy, double sided grocery sanctions, the leadership of the rural economy of the region with annual growth of GDP of 9.2% (in Russia – 4,5%) is pointed. The article shows that the growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators in the industry was provided with additional targeted investment to increase profitability of crop production to 44%. The advantages of big business that produces mostly grains are pointed out, because this factor will continue to determine the vector of development of agriculture. A big positive point of the livestock industry is the growth of profitability of milk production to 37%. At the same time, cattle breeding with the margin of 19.7% is still highly problematic on observance of technological discipline. Production of cattle meat remains unprofitable. A significant segment of production in farming is still taken by small farms. In 2014 the government regulated their development supporting them with money in the amount of more than 700 million RUB . The author believes to keep further growth of the livestock on it is necessary to stabilize the number of livestock, especially dairy cattle, to restore the production of pork, to continue the construction and reconstruction of farms and complexes, to provide animals with high quality food. The author also stresses the importance of development of business of rice growing, vegetable growing, fruit growing, the importance of updating and development of material and technical base. The work provides the data that at the expense of state regulation (support) profitability of agriculture in the region has grown by an additional 7%, so it creates new opportunities for growth of the agricultural economy of our region
Accounting science in the conditions of globalization
of economic relations, the continuing growth in the
volume of trade, the development of economic ties,
tools, implementation of financial and economic
relations cannot remain within the achieved level of its
theoretical foundations. Accounting should not
become an obstacle to the implementation of the
provisions of the economic growth of the business
entity. The same can be said about the currently used
mechanisms of control of economic relations and
taxation. In this regard, and taking into account the
development of techniques for automated data
exchange there is an objective need for the
development of Agency in the formation,
generalization and analysis of accounting information.
The article describes some trends in the development
of accounting theory, defined by the concepts of user
agent uniform accounting and space as a technique of
improving the accounting system. We have defined the
roles and functions of the user agents, their place in a
single user space. The authors have justified the
proposals for movements of accounting information in
modern conditions of globalization of accounting
procedures. The article has also proposed mechanisms
of recording and summarizing information on
individual areas of accounting and taxation and
defined roles and methods of participation of various
economic actors in the scope of the proposed
mechanism of functioning of the unified accounting
space
The present article is devoted to the revealing of the
influence of the innovation restructuring on the
structural stability of economic complexes and
subcomplexes. In this work there was taken the effort
to determine the connection between the achievement
of stability of social-economic system and
technological limits of its new equilibrium condition
and as well as the necessary restructuring because of
innovation changes. In the work there was underlined
that the achievement of the ideal condition of
equilibrium (harmony) of multilevel economic system
and its long being in this condition is the aim to which
the system speeds under the influence of the sum of
factors. The equilibrium in such systems practically
links with the notion of aimed development. The
mathematical analysis of the realization of the law of
structural stability, more known as the “law of the
least”, showed that:
-The potential of stability of each component of
economic system must be determined by the conditions
of influence on it by the external environment;
-At the uniform (homogenous) influence on all
components of the system, we should follow the
absolute equal stability of all elements of the system.
-It is obviously that it is wrong to increase the potential
of stability of the rest elements of the system higher
than the potential of it’s weakest element because it
will not supply with the rise of performance and
effectiveness and will lead only to non-productive and
ineffective use of additionally spent resources. Firstly,
it is necessary to reveal the weak element and to rise its
potential and to increase the potential of stability of the rest elements in accordance with the rise of the
potential of the weak element for the further rise of the
performance and efficiency of the production in such
economic system.
-At the diverse (heterogeneous) influence on the
system, we should aim to the absolute stability of all
components of the present type of the influence. At the
concentrated influence when the external influences
always are directed to the more instable and weak
components and the stability of the system is
determined by the least stable one, it is enough to get it
out from the stable equilibrium to direct the system on
the least stable components.
-At the innovational changes of techniques and
technology in economic systems, the technical and
technological proportions and “chain connections”
between branches in the economic complex are
changed. It, in its turn, leads to the necessity of
revealing of optimal proportions of different elements
of the economic system and the whole chain at its
equilibrium. It leads to the change of ranks in searching
of the weak element as well and along with it the
priorities in the development of the system.
At the analysis and the assessment of innovation
development of the economic system it is necessary
along with other factors to take into account the results:
analysis of its structural stability of the “weak
element”, revealing of “weak element”; working out of
the arrangements on the increase of partial structural
stability of the “weak element” of the economic
system; working outs of arrangements on the increase
of potential of the structural stability of the rest
elements of the system adequately to the rise of
stability of the “weak element” and with an account of
influence of its size and dynamics of the further rise at
the increase of potential of stability of the rest elements
of economic system. All it allows to increase the
performance and effectiveness of the system in whole
Interest in kvass as a national product increased
noticeably in the past years, which has lead to the
expansion of the range of products and the rise of the
value of production and the scale of consumer
preferences respectively. The importance of the
analysis of the consumer preferences is obvious
nowadays as there is a logic relation between
commerce success and accurate knowledge of the
demand of the target group. In this article, the
motivation of the consumer as primary information in
formation of demand for new product has been
examined. The analysis is based on the examination of
tastes, differentiation of structure of preferences of
consumer groups, detection of unsatisfied
requirements, the motives of the consumer preferences
to the new product like natural fermentation kvass
made with plant extract (as the author suggests):
Citronella, lemon balm, oregano and Moldavian
dragonhead. In order to study the choice of consumer
preference they the survey of 100 residents of
Voronezh has been conducted. Based on the survey
and results of the research of the potential consumer
preferences, the authors have found expediency of
production of the new product with functional
properties. They revealed factors influencing the
decision of purchase and evaluation of new products.
There were 100 participants aged between 20 - 60 who
considered themselves as the consumers of the original
kind of kvass. Most of the participants (73%) consider
kvass a seasonal product. As a result the most important factor in choosing a soft drink was the taste
and healthy properties. Only 7% of the participants
considered price the crucial factor buying the product.
Moreover, 47% of consumers were ready to buy more
expensive product with new functional properties.
On the basis of the survey conclusions about the
demand of the new product in the market have been
identified and limitative factors of manufacture have
been shown
Analysis of the problems of employment and
unemployment are relevant in any society. Special
attention is paid to the issues of employment in postconflict
economy of the Chechen Republic. The
article examines the structure of employment by level
of education in the Chechen Republic from 2006 to
2013. Changes in the shares of the employed by level
of education are analyzed with respect to the average
trends in Russia
The article considers the main principles of the system
approach and their use in the general disclosure
mechanisms in the organization of the systems as
holistic entities. Ontological and epistemological lines
of the concept of the system and highlights the main
properties of systems are reflected. Since the system
acts as a form of organization of tangible and
intangible objects, integrity is determined as the
necessary property of sustainable living systems. The
concept of sustainability from the point of view of
general systems theory is considered, its types are
distinguished. Features of the economic systems and
the specificity of the concept of their stability is
described. It is marked that the majority of biological,
technical, economic and other complex systems are
characterized by non-Gaussian distribution and as a
necessary formal feature of consistency (integrity) of
the studied object the presence Zipf-distribution in the
population can be used. Differences between the
coenoses from deterministic systems and probabilistic
objects are marked. Procedures performed in the
course of the ranking analysis and the theoretical
aspects of optimization of cenoses by holding an item
or parametric optimization are considered. The
proposals on the use of ranking analysis and rank
distributions that are widely used for the study of
technocenoses, in the research process and the
formation of economic systems are promoted
Currently, execution of works on the analysis of
labor and wages determine the competitiveness of
any business entity. In addition, a sufficient supply
of qualified human resources organization and a high
level of productivity are essential to increase
production. Human resources of a company mean a
collection of various professional and qualification
groups involved in the company and included in its
payroll. The payroll includes all the employees hired,
connected with the main and with extra activities of
the company. Personnel structure or staff of the
company and its changes has certain quantitative,
qualitative and structural characteristics, which can
be a smaller and more reliably measured and
recorded using relative and absolute terms. Efficient
use of labor resources is the most important
economic concept that characterizes the effectiveness
of labor resources; expressed in the achievement of
maximum effect with minimum cost of labor and is
measured as the ratio of benefits to cost of living
labor in all spheres: in the sphere of material
production in the non-manufacturing sector, in the
public, private and collective production
A retrospective analysis of the use of resources in
organizations greatly help in finding possible ways
to effectively address social and economic problems
of the village at the present stage of development of
Russian society. The findings suggest the preparation
of such tools for administrators, specialists of the
district; planning, workers in the management of
economic development that will not only provide
evidence - based information source, but also a
theoretical basis for the development of better
programs for the economic development of rural
areas; to adjust planned activities for improving the
lives. Now, in the agricultural economic entities,
existing conditions and problems, as well as factors
affecting the efficient use of resources, might be
identified only by a careful study of a relatively large
number of organizations in a homogeneous area of
agribusiness, which is what we tried to do
afterwards. In modern conditions it should be noted
that the value of agricultural potential along with
land, labor and capital affects a number of natural,
general economic, social and demographic
conditions specific to our region, and in turn, have a
significant impact on agriculture and the
reproduction classic factors of production
The article discusses the "analysis and consideration
of the final financial results of the organization"
issues. This problem largely contributes to the factor
analysis. Using factor analysis, we can assess any
specific amount of earnings, which has been changed
under the influence of factors. Models of factor
analysis of financial results reveal the reasons for the
decline of profit of the company and take prompt and
effective economic management decisions. The
article presents a model of factorial analysis of
financial results of the financial statements based on
materials of the agricultural companies of the
Krasnodar Region
Business risk is a result of the business operations like taxes. Concerning of the issues related to the development of a strategy functioning economic entity are becoming popular. This strategy considering the law brings to optimizing the value of the tax payments of the organization and reduces the risk of tax risks. In this situation, a special role should be given to the orientation of the accounting system for the risk of economic activity in the development of accounting and organizational aspects that ensure the formation of the tax base for various taxes, and use the special taxation regime. The system of risk-based accounting consists of risk-based accounting policy for taxation regime, verification of the rights of using UAT, foundation of deferred taxes, revision of tax risks which are based on public criteria of tax offenses, the method of distribution incomes and expenses between different taxation regimes, monitoring an agricultural production, the inspection of tax errors
The interrelation of efficiency of reproduction with rational structure of the organization and resource capacity of productive and technological processes is established. The need in imbalances of elimination for the organization of reproduction processes is caused. The main directions of efficiency increase of industrial fruit growing and vine growing are developed: the rational structural organization of productive and technological processes, the application of resource-saving technologies of crops cultivation, the decrease in level of chemical and technogenic impacts on agric cenosises. The criterions characterizing effective results and optimal resource capacity of technologies of long-term cultures cultivation are defined. The characteristic of decrease ways of resource capacity on the basis of new constructional decisions in the forming agric cenosises is given: in the industrial fruit growing is application of the unsupported cultivation of fruit plants providing the differentiated application of a wide range of rootstocks of the SK series which without influence on heredity of the grafted variety, reduce the force of plant growth, provide a fast fruitage and high productivity, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressor; in the industrial vine growing is the application of the formations of new type reducing the costs for the making of support-trellis construction, on the carrying out of agric and technological time-limits that is reflected in product cost and profitability of production of branch production. The main directions of resource-saving are systemically presented, the assessment of their efficiency in the industrial vine growing by the principle of a golden rule of economy" is carried out
The article is devoted to strategic management and
implementation of the strategy. Management strategy
is based on the management of strategic potential of
the enterprise. The strategic potential of the company
generates only those resources that can be changed
because of strategic decisions. Analysis of the
potential of the enterprise should cover almost all
spheres of its activity: the enterprise management,
production, marketing, finance, human resources. The
article has designed a system of strategic management
by the example of a construction company in the
information management system territorially -
distributed building complexes, thus improving the
competitiveness of the organization, to provide timely
and quality implementation of business plans
The reasons for the transformation of logistics systems of international trading companies are becoming the processes of integration of national economies into the world economy now, which contribute to the expansion of trading companies at the expense of the foreign markets development. In this regard, especially updated become theoretical developments in the field of commodity flows on an international caliber. The article analyzes the interpretations of scholars of various economic scientists of the concept of "commodity flow" explores theoretical approaches for building goods distribution management at the level of international companies. Particular attention is paid to the risks assessment in the process of changing the output of trading companies at the international level. The role of the international net brokers is determining in the logistic system of goods distribution. The front most methods of risk management of major trade companies are highly investigating. The authors conclude that in entering the international markets trading companies are often unable to develop an effective risk management system due to lack of information, difficulty adapting to the new business environment. Many aspects of international goods distribution require further study with the aim of improving the efficiency of inventory management and logistics network trade flows of businesses
Trade relations are one of the key areas of cooperation
between Russia and the European Union countries.
However, prospects of trade and economic cooperation
development between the countries in conditions of
geopolitical instability have been insufficiently studied,
which explains the relevance of the research topic. In
this work, there are analyzed changes in the structure
of exports and imports of the Russian Federation and
the EU within the period 2009-2014, revealed Russia's
dependence on supplies of food and high-tech
equipment, which are included in the sanctions list.
There was substantiated the expediency of the
accelerated modernization of domestic material base,
active development of innovative environment and
creation of conditions for enhancing public-private
partnership in the investment sphere. Calculation of the
economic and financial losses of the Russian
Federation and the EU because of the sanctions regime
and food embargo showed significant dependence of
the economies of each other. The analysis of the
development tendencies in trade relations between
Russia and the EU has identified the main challenges in
the development of foreign trade between countries:
restriction of opportunities to attract foreign
investment; curbing exports; devaluation of the
national currency and increasing inflation. The main
proposals that can strengthen trade relations between
the EU and Russia are highlighted: the abolition of the
bilateral restrictions; development of a new juridical
framework; establishment within the Federal Assembly
ad hoc committees on the regulation of relations with
the EU in order to specify the main goals and
objectives of the strategic partnership, creation of
conditions for their implementation; speeding up the
adjustment of the Russian legislation to international
standards in the framework of Russia's membership in
WTO
The article is devoted to the contemporary
development of the tourism industry in the Krasnodar
region in the post-Olympic period. We have
considered main directions of improving the
attractiveness of tourism sector for foreign tourists.
There were found the advantages of the touristrecreational
base of the Krasnodar region, providing its
tourist potential. Sanatorium, resort and tourist
complex of the Krasnodar region line with the
priorities of social-economic development of Russia
and determines the special status of the region in the
economy of the country. We have analyzed the
dynamics of entry of foreign nationals for the purpose
of tourism. There were identified the country with the
highest tourist arrivals. We have studied the
regulatory-legal framework, regulating tourist activity
in the region and considered one of the ways of state
regulation of the tourism industry by conducting
classification of hotels and other accommodation
facilities. The main economic effect from the
introduction of a system of classification of hotels is to
improve the quality of service, competitiveness and
legalization of small accommodation facilities. It
emphasizes the uniqueness of Sochi city as a key
tourist destination for international tourism promotion
not only in the region but also in the country. It
presents an overview of the modern state and use of
the sports of the Olympic Games, the infrastructure of
Sochi, identified tools for promoting inbound tourism.
Despite the positive results achieved in the
development of the tourism industry in the Krasnodar
region, it is necessary to solve a number of tasks to
increase the attractiveness of tourism in the region.
Thus, the priorities should include: creation of a competitive tourism product, leveling the seasonality
factor and provide year-round operation of sports
facilities and other infrastructure of Sochi in the postOlympic
period
In connection with that the degree of the responsibility for acceptance of the investment decision within the limits of this or that direction is various and when there is a speech about replacement of available capacities, the decision can be accepted quickly enough and without serious consequences because the manual of the organization clearly imagines, in what volume and with what characteristics new basic means are necessary. But the problem becomes complicated, if it is a question of the investments connected with expansion of industrial activity. The article has a research character, expressed that in it introduction and realization of investment projects from a position of the financial analysis is considered. The financial condition of Krasnodargazstroy company with the purpose of revealing of reserves for financial maintenance of realization of the offered investment project expanding a field of activity of the organization is analyzed. Analogues of counters of gas of industrial purpose based on the characteristics of already made prototypes of the organizations of gas branch of other regions of our country have been offered. Variants of realization of the investment project in view of the discounted monetary stream and without it are revealed. The estimation of the investment project by both variants with a choice of more optimum is presented and economic feasibility of its introduction is proved
In the article, we have carried out an analysis of theoretical and conceptual positions of financial tools of investment. During the research, the concept of “investment analysis” has been specified and ordering of classifications of financial tools has been performed. The article has a research character, because it suggests the basic approaches to estimation of the cost of financial investments and the models of estimation of the cost of financial tools of investment. One of the major factors defining appeal of the market for investors and efficiency of its functioning is the tools that were designed for fulfilling equitable interests of participants and allowing them to carry out the functions effectively. The analysis of a modern condition of the financial market of Russia is lead and it was revealed, that the part of transactions with the Russian actions is carried out at foreign stock exchanges for already more than decade. There of problems and directions on effective development of the national financial market are allocated. The potential of the market of financial tools in Russia is not opened yet completely and gives prospect for development of methods and ways of complex influence on its factors causing. In this connection the separate attention is deserved with the offered necessary conditions of its successful development
In the article it is proved that prompt entry of Russia
into the market caused a set of practical and theoretical
problems in various spheres of public life of the
country. The Russian economy endures the period of
deep system transformations that allows defining it as
the economy of transitional type characterized at the
microlevel by transformation of economic subjects,
conditions and the directions of their activity,
formation of essentially new control system of
enterprise structures, the system of marketing becomes
one of which rod elements. The innovative approaches
to segmentation of the markets and positioning of
goods which are based on reconstruction of market
space by means of application of a complex of the
unique decisions considering features of functioning of
the company, specifics of the market, and also specific
social and economic conditions of conducting
economic activity are investigated. The main
directions of search of unoccupied market niches are
revealed, the comparative characteristic of two
essentially excellent strategy of activity of the
company – is carried out when conducting competitive
fight and at refusal of this fight as a result of formation
of market zones, free from the competition. The
technique of formation of market zones, free from the
competition is offered. Use of technologies of
innovative marketing allows to reduce the risks
interfaced to development of innovations as these
technologies give the chance objectively to estimate a potential demand to reveal a target market segment
and to answer a question of expediency of continuation
of development or their inefficiency for enterprise
structures
The level and nature of the development of small agro-business in the modern Russian economy differs substantially depending on regional specifics. In this context, analysis and compilation of best practices is the development of farming will not only allow revealing the main factors of success, but will also give an opportunity both by farmers and the state authorities to effectively develop this sector. Russian experience in the development of small agro-business has not been well understood; in this context, the analysis of the practice of farming has both theoretical and practical interest. In the article, we present the analysis of management practices of small agricultural enterprises in the regions of Russia. Various forms of marketing of farm products, including the use of agro-franchise and with the use of IT-technologies have been shown
The optimization issues of governance and the
development of agriculture sector are particularly
relevant in times of financial sanctions,
implementation of the strategy of import
substitution. Integration is the one of these
mechanisms. In the article, we have discussed in
detail the historical aspect of the appearance agroindustrial
integration in Russia. The authors
highlighted the negative aspects constraining the
development of integration processes in the
industry. The agro-industrial complex is considered
as a set of regional and microcomplexes. The article
identified three main areas of the industry. Its
balance is able to provide dynamic and sustainable
development of agriculture. Dynamics of the share
of industry in the formation of the key indicators of
the Russian economy are presented. It demonstrates
the need to solve issues of increasing the efficiency
of all agrarian formations. The authors proposed
industrial and economic way out of the current crisis
on the results of the research. The Government
support of agriculture is the main instrument of
agrarian policy, especially in times of economic
crisis. The authors proposed a cluster approach to
economic development as a priority. It allows
reaching high competitiveness and stability of
economic systems of cluster. In the article the advantages of creating clusters in the regional
economic system are presented. We have summed
up the implementation of the previously developed
innovative, systemic management model
This article discusses the problems of using indicators
of material flow in the financial accounting
management accounting system. The authors have
created and described the classification of material
costs in building units. It allows solving the problems
of object of research specifying within a given material
flow and inventory control within a given logistics
systems. There are different approaches to the
valuation of material costs in the article. An important
aspect of measures for the integration development of
accounting systems is the adoption of uniform
valuation of building materials and structures. It is
proved that the most rational combination of these
types of records achieved by an adapted classification
and measurement of building materials and structures
to the conditions of formation of the budget for the
project volume of construction works and the
reflection of the actual volume of work in the financial
accounting system. On the basis of the accounting
policies and the organizational structure of the object
of investigation of "Kubanstroykompleks" we have
identified responsibility centers (sites) for costs related
to the material flow: Department of logistics and
packaging and warehousing, which consists of a
central and railroad warehouse
In the modern economic conditions, the housing and
communal sector is the most problematic as the
executive authorities’ opinion and Russian population
opinion. The reform aims are deprivatization of objects
the industry, transfer it in temporary managed by
private business. In such conditions, there is a need for
a new or upgrade existing mechanism of management
of sector housing and communal services economic
entities. One of the elements of innovation
management mechanism is controlling. The definitions
of this category madу by Russian and foreign scientists
are considered in the article. The author have been
summarizes the theoretical principles, practical
experience. The model of housing and communal
services financial controlling is designed. It contains
the following elements: goals, objectives, subjects,
object, function, types. Each element was described in
detail and classified by type. In addition, the external
and internal factors affecting the construction of
controlling system in economic entities of the industry
of housing and communal services are designated and
marked. The advantages of introducing a system of
controlling the activities of organizations in the
utilities are described. The authors have identified and
described in detail the difficulties of controlling
introduction in the economic agents of industries
management system
The article deals with problems and possibilities in agriculture import substitution conditions and considers the significant role of small agrarian forms in this economy processes. The article notes that the main aim of import substitution is improving the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products through greater motivation of technological, modernization and innovation policy in production, through the development of new innovative, more competitive food products with higher consumer parameters. Practice shows that the most effective substitution is carried out in the agricultural sector and the food industry. The Krasnodar region has the most efficient developed agriculture production structure with the best natural and investment climate in the country, with enlarged of crop rotation fields, excessive and relatively low labor cost with the best experience in agricultural production. The author discusses about the detail problems of import substitution with participation of small businesses in the areas of grain production, sugar beet, about the difficulties in material and technical equipment, provision of seed and other problems. The problems of the financial component in large and small businesses specifically mentions, also in the field of cost management processing, pricing, formation of gross profit. The article emphasizes the importance of recovering the lost possibilities of breeding in animal husbandry, especially in pig and cattle. The most difficult situation is with lending, where the author recommends the reduction of rates for farmers in the short and medium term lending to the level of 3-5%. The author considers a changes in the mechanism of redistribution of public support in favor of livestock very important, where there are large risks, difficulties of long-term credits, problems of technological discipline observance and more
The article represents an author's look how
character and sources of threats to national interests
of Russia from the world financial market have
changed in new geoeconomical and geopolitical
conditions. The main objective of research is, on
the one hand, justification of methodological
approach to studying of influence of the world
financial market on finance and economic system
of the state. The second subtask is studying the new
threats to national economy caused by the external
economic and foreign policy instability. For
achievement of the specified tasks authors
investigated the scientific approaches to definition
of "economic security" presented in works of the
Russian and foreign scientists. It allowed to prove
their own interpretation of this category, and to
formulate why there are different approaches to
definition of "economic security". The authors offer
the system called "economic security – the financial
market". It is presented in the form of the flowchart
opening elements of this system. On a plan of
authors, it has to serve as methodological basis
when the analysis of character, the directions and
extents of influence of changes of the world
financial market on economic security of the state is
carried out. As an illustration of this theoretical
position, there is an assessment of external threats
to Russia's national interests related to political
events and economic transformation in 2014-2015
The food supply has a great influence on the development of animal husbandry. It is its basis. Health of animals, quality and quantity of the made production are dependent not only on the amount of the prepared forages, but also to a greater extent on their quality and balance. The quality of the prepared forages has an impact on their consumption and digestibility. Therefore, the more qualitative the forages are, the higher the level of the productivity of animals is. High level of the organization of the balanced diets reduces costs of forages per unit of production by 1,5-2 times in comparison with unbalanced diets. This fact once again proves the importance and necessity of biologically full-fledged diet of feeding animals. The full-fledged diet should contain the optimal quantity of digestible protein, fodder units and other nutrients. Indeed, owing to full feeding, the productivity of animals increases and the body weight increases as well that, in turn, has a positive impact on the economic condition of the subject. However, rational use of forages requires determination of their quality and energetic and protein nutritiousness. To produce optimum diets in which all above-named criteria are considered, special programs for optimization of diets can be used that allow to provide animals with forages containing all the necessary nutrients at minimum expenses. These programs are based on the methods of linear programming, which lie in finding optimum plans for the problems with linear structure. For the solution of linear programming problems the simplex method is usually used which in a general view means that with the help of a complex of consecutive procedures the solution of a problem that meets an optimality condition is found. In this article, the problem of minimizing the cost of a diet for bulls will be solved with the use of the program named Optim V 2.0
The article describes the historical approach to the
use of sampling, both in Russia and abroad. The
above classification of the main stages in the
development of the sampling method in science
made it possible to determine the practical
significance of the use of this method in the audit
practice
Grain production is a major sector of agriculture. The
article discusses the factors that influence the
development of grain production in the Krasnodar
region. These include favorable natural and climatic
conditions, the need of the population in crop
production, quality of organizational and technical
activities and other agricultural enterprises. The
current situation in the country is poor economic
situation, including the importation of imported food,
when agricultural companies require the search of
internal reserves to increase production. The
performed statistical analysis of the economic-yield
crops helped to identify factors affecting the
productivity of crops, material and technical base of
agriculture, as well as the need to use chemicals used
to fertilize soil. The article suggests ways to optimize
the impact of economic factors on the yield of
grain in the Krasnodar region. Consider the
correlation and regression analysis to determine the
relationship between the studied parameters and
effective sign that clearly shows the evolution of the
yield of crops
The article is devoted to the use of game theory in the
educational process. Subject of research is the
educational process. The authors have studied the
game in normal form where participants are the
teacher and the student of the university. Different
treatment of the student and the teacher to pass the
test are strategies of the players. Construction of a
matrix is based on the base of sequence preference on
multitude of outcomes. The solution of this task is
implemented in two stages: formulation of the
problem and solution. As an interim solution the
authors considered the winnings of players 1 (the
student) and 2 (the teacher). As a final solution is
considered the situation satisfying both of players:
player 1 (the student) and player 2 (the teacher). The
results obtained in this research will help to find
ways to improve the educational activity. The
actuality of the research is explained with the fact
that the institutions of the highest education are
trying to participate actively in the development of
personality of students nowadays. While effective
teaching in the university, there is a paying more
attention to this problem. Focusing on the forming of
personality in the process of education makes the
generation of an orientation mission of every student
at the university one of the most important advances
The Krasnodar region is a major producer and
supplier of agricultural products. Livestock
development in the Krasnodar region has been
supported by the following factors: favorable climate,
the intensive development of crop production, the
need of the population in livestock production and
others. Recently, however, there is a decline in
livestock production, which is due to the influence of
negative factors. Industry analysis showed the
problems that hinder the development: high costs for
the purchase of feed for livestock and poultry, low
purchase price of products, pedigree cattle deficit,
lack of foreign investment, low level of
modernization of production. The development of the
livestock industry of Krasnodar region must be
associated with the use of optimal feed rations of
cows, implementation of new methods of genetics
and selection, implementation of strict accounting
and control of livestock, improvement of livestock
veterinary support. This will increase the milk
production and improve the efficiency of the
industry. The article provides the optimal parameters
of the diet of cows, calculated by the authors and
based on the use of methods of optimization and
simulation. It is based on economic and mathematical
model developed by the staff of the Department of
Economic Cybernetics of Kuban State Agrarian
University
This article is devoted to evaluation and analysis of
basic trends, that revealing modern situation and
current level of the development of social sphere in
rural areas in the Krasnodar region. We have carried
out a theoretical view to current problems in
gasification, water supply, and development
infrastructure objects in rural areas of the region. The
authors have considered main attention is a social
standards when developing targeted programs for the
social development of rural areas. The article provides
a specific list of normative values still indicators as the
presence of a central gas supply, the central and the
local water supply (hot and cold), the length of the
street and objects known telephone. We have
explained the mechanism of government regulations
aimed at social infrastructure in rural areas of the
Krasnodar region and the organization work of
municipal institutions to protect and maintenance local
roads. Based on the above authors’ suggestions, it is
planned to achieve more definable and justifiable
opinion in the implementation of municipal regulation
social development rural areas designed on the basis
targeted programs in the subject area. Actual and
significant to readers are measures of gap consumer
budget and the level of monetary income between
urban and rural areas presented in the article
The article describes the characteristics of modern
management and problems of formation of national
corporate governance, adaptive requirements increase
the innovative capacity of business entities. On the
basis of generalization of foreign experience in the
development of industrial democracy we have
objectively justified the need for more active
implementation of self government in intra-control
mechanism as a key factor in the integration of the
interests of the company and its employees, to increase
their activity in innovation
One of the important problems in the field of agriculture is
soil contamination by pesticides due to excessive and
unbalanced use of pesticides. The harmful effects of
pesticides on the environment and human health is
manifested in the contamination of water, soil, food, the
development of chronic diseases and acute poisoning,
malignant diseases, congenital malformations, infant
mortality. An alternative to the use of chemical remedies
are organic methods and techniques of cultivation of
agricultural land. One of such technologies is the laser
technology of cultivation of agricultural crops, the
application of which makes it possible to not only produce
organically clean, useful agricultural products, but also
reduce the cost of crop production and increase their
productivity. In the article, the Russian experience in the
production of organic products, to analyze the market of
organic agriculture and related infrastructure: the regulatory
framework, the existing non-profit education, the legal
framework, the system of environmental certification and
standardization of organic agricultural products, support
organic agricultural markets, as well as programs to
promote organic producers products
The article presents aspects of the efficiency of the
international financial reporting standards (IFRS) in
the accounting practice of agricultural enterprises by
basic organizational components, defines stages of the
application of certain IFRS elements in the preparation
of reporting of the agricultural sector enterprises.
First of all, agricultural enterprises will face problems
of the transition to IFRS. This is associated with
peculiarities of the agricultural production, which are
determined by the natural and social factors and affect
the organization of accounting: agricultural production
is seasonal, this is why the production cycle doesn’t
coincide with the calendar year; the land is the basic
means of production, animals and plants act as a
specific means of production; timescales of plant
ripening and animal breeding determine the obtainment
of the end product. Analysis of the difficulties of the
agricultural organizations’ transition to IFRS showed
different views in the scientific and professional
community regarding the valuation of assets and
liabilities and biological assets accounting.
Choice of experts responsible for the preparation of
reporting according to IFRS is an important issue that
requires additional expenses for hiring highly qualified
specialists or the creation of a special department,
which is fully agreeable to international standards.
Success of the reporting preparation according to IFRS
requires the process optimization with the usage of
modern information technologies. Introduction of IFRS
to the accounting practices of agricultural enterprises
implies changes of the national regulatory framework
of accounting, reporting and taxation
The demographic situation in the Krasnodar region, as
a whole, reflects the general trend of development in
the Russian Federation and is characterized by
significant changes in the demographic dynamics.
Assessment of the level of life is of paramount
importance for the analysis of the economy.
Significant contribution to the study of the category
«standard of living» and the development of systems
of socio-economic indicators has made such
international organizations as the UN. The UN
working group prepared a report on the principles for
the determination and measurement of living standards
in the world in 1960. This was the first attempt to
create a comprehensive system of indicators of living
standards. In accordance with the Convention of the
International labour organization (ILO) «About the
basic aims and standards of social policy» man has the
right to a standard of living necessary for the health
and well-being of himself and of his family, the right
to security in the event of loss of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control. On this basis, to
individual countries and regions is the variety of tasks,
one of which is the analysis of the demographic
situation. The article examines the changes in the
demographic foundations of the formation of human
resources of Krasnodar region for the period 2010 –
2014. The author compares the processes occurring in
urban and rural areas. When preparing article the
author makes extensive use of statistical data for the
Krasnodar region
The presented article is devoted to solving problems
using the simplex method with artificial basis.
Simplex method with artificial basis is used when
quite difficult to find initial support program of the
initial problem of linear programming, written in
canonical form. The presented method is used in the
presence of solutions to the system of restrictions and
conditions, equations, inequalities and conditions, as
well as a transformation table method. The
calculation of the system is carried out by introducing
artificial variables Ri with the sign of which depends
on the type of the optimum, to remove from the basis
of these variables are introduced in the last objective
function with negative coefficients M that are
"mulct" for putting artificial variables. Simplex table,
which is made in the process of decision, using the
method of artificial basis, called extended. It differs
from the conventional in that it comprises two lines
of the objective function. In minimization problems -
with positive M. Hence, from the original one we
have already obtained the new M -problem. If in the
optimal solution M-problem has no artificial
variables, this decision will be the optimal solution of
the original problem. But, if in the optimal solution
M-tasks at least one dummy variable is different from
zero, the system of constraints of this problem and
have inconsistent problem is unsolvable
The article presents the decision of the task of the
linear programming. The basic methods of decision
of this type of tasks are considered in the article.
Every method has been characterized. Modern
practice shows that this type of tasks and methods of
his decision are widespread. The problem of decision
of this type of tasks remains very actual and
presently, although development of methods of
decision of tasks of optimization got most
development in the middle of the twentieth century.
This question is important for not only major and
shallow concerns and organizations, in industrial
situations, but, as well, for all the members of social
and economical relations. The example of decision of
task of the linear programming is examined in the
article; actuality of the studied problem is grounded.
Description of each of the applied methods of
decision was presented. In connection with wide
development of information technologies, a lot of
attention has been paid to the decision of task by
means of computer calculations. The brought task
and the charts illustrate all the importance of the
studied problem evidently, on the example of small
workshop possessing limited resources. On the basis
of the obtained data, we have drawn a conclusion
To improve the efficiency of using receivable accounts at the enterprise, there is an objective need to perform its constant control. The management of the accounts receivable allows to consider the issues arising during the execution of payments from the debtors of the enterprise in due time and to take essential measures to overcome such situations. This will ultimately have a favorable effect on the financial condition of the company. This article reviews the possibility of using information technologies for the management of the accounts receivable of the enterprise through the implementation of a balanced credit policy. The presented software tool makes it possible to calculate the final credit rating of each enterprise’s debtor by determining the sum of the weighted estimates of all risk factors, to determine the credit limit of each debtor, based on the total debt limit of the company, or on the basis of average monthly receipt from the funds of the debtor. Furthermore, the program helps to calculate the sum of discounts given to the debtor for the timely merchandise payment, or the sum of the fine for breach of the payment discipline. The use of information technology to automate processes of the accounts receivable management of enterprises can significantly reduce economist’s time of work spent on this issue, define emerging problems in this sphere in due time and help to make justified management decisions to overcome such problems
The article describes basic principles and the results of
modeling the business architecture of the company on
the example of the subsystem sales of integrated
corporate structures. As the object of investigation we
have chosen the company called Dinskoy Meatprocessing
complex, which is part of Southern
diversified Corporation. The main artifacts of the
conducted research are: graphical layout of business
processes of a subsystem of the sales made in the
instrumental environment of All Fusion Process
Modeler (BPWin) and developed a model of
decomposition of business processes, a model of
business event, a model for the location of functions
and integration model, and to evaluate the relationship
between the business processes with the strategic
direction of the organization. The source data for the
study were collected by conducting a special survey of
the organization within which the surveys were
conducted, and interviewing of managers and
employees of relevant structures of the research object,
the study of local normative documents, regulations on
departments, job descriptions, etc. The resulting set of
artifacts of business architecture can be used further in
the process of re-engineering business processes,
developing indicators for the effectiveness functions,
business processes, organization, and development of
requirements for the application systems that automate
the processing of data and development of subsequent
domains of enterprise architecture
The aim of the article is investigation of the
Economics of knowledge and the identification of
influencing factors on the evolution of markets of
educational services and labor. The article analyzes
the basic theories that comprise the modern paradigm
of the knowledge economy. We have studied the
influence of the service sector and knowledge at the
level of GDP. It is shown that the development of
corporations in the knowledge economy depends on
financial, human, and institutional capital
The article presents the architecture of decision
support system for the adequacy of the level of lending
to small agricultural companies, which implements in
its functionality the complex of models: the
optimization of selling price of products, the efficiency
mark for using of credit funds of single-product and
multi-product companies by determined and fuzzy
methods, assessment of the system stability of the
enterprise. The system has the ability to work remotely
using cloud computing, in which computing resources
provided by the Internet users in the form of "online
service". The article substantiates the need for the
development of decision support systems for the
adequacy of the level of lending to small agricultural
enterprises. We have compiled requirements for the
development of an appropriate system and identified a
set of models to be implemented in the DSS ,
described the relationship between them and the
technique of working with them. We have also defined
names of the input and output data at various stages of
working with the DSS as well as the generalized
algorithm of the system. Based on the above, the
article proposes and describes the architecture of
decision support system. It is concluded, that the DSS
is an interactive automated system that uses a model of
decision-making, providing users with efficient access
to data and provides them with a variety of
opportunities to display information
This article describes the opportunities and prospects
for the deployment of decision support system for the
adequacy of the level of lending to small agricultural
enterprises in the cloud environment. It reveals the
shortcomings in the existing automation of small
businesses, and therefore the necessity of developing a
system to enable managers to quickly and correctly
calculate the amount of required loan funds. The
developed system has the ability to work remotely due
to the lack of binding the user to a specific personal
computer. It is implemented through the development
of a DSS using cloud computing, in which computer
resources are provided to the Internet users in the form
of "online service". The article describes the
architecture of popular models and cloud Webapplications;
after that, it was concluded to use the
Saas model with Multi-Tenant-mode support in the
model development. The study provides an overview
of the DSS functioning in the cloud. It has noted the
main features of the software implementation of the
system relating to the use of cloud technologies. We
have calculated the cost of placing an application in
the cloud via the online cost calculator called
Microsoft Azure. We have also performed a
preliminary assessment of the payback period of the
project implementation of DSS. It is concluded, that
this technology would be competitive at the software
market
The article represents the author's view on the issue of
formation of innovative environment in the oil and gas
industry through clustering. The main task of the
author is, on the one hand, clusters’ role justification in
optimization of organizational structure of regional
fuel and energy complex. On the other hand, it is a
justification of the state's functions in ensuring the
intensification of innovation. To solve this complex
problem the author explores the approaches to the
definition of "cluster", adapting existing theories to
clustering of the regional to the oil and gas sector.
There are the structural-logic "Competitive diamond"
Russian oil cluster "and" Competitive diamond "oil
cluster Russia." The author 'classification of
innovations in the energy sector is developed. The
question of revitalization of the state’s efforts to build
a favorable innovation environment was considered
based on several logical promises. The first, public
policy objectives to stimulate investment in innovation
are substantiated. Second, we studied directions of
transformation of the global energy market and their
impact on the economic security of Russia as oil
exporters. Separately, the emphasis is placed on fiscal
policy in the energy sector
The analysis of social and economic development of
countries in the conditions of the globalization of the
world economy which is carried out with the use of
thermo-dynamical model showed that interaction of the
open economic systems standing on different levels of
development can lead to absorption or destruction of
one systems by others that finally will lead to "thermal
death" in economy (stagnation). The closed economic
systems can communicate with other countries by
means of international trade. Less developed countries
can't compete with industrially developed states and
will inevitably get under their influence. The isolated
economic systems can develop only in the presence of
domestic market, resources and rigid social structure.
Introduction of the anti-Russian sanctions and other
external factors led to restriction of the influence of the
foreign capital. Innovative activity in economy and
strengthening of government institutions might be
observed as a result. The thermo-dynamical model
shows that partial isolation of the developing economic
system possessing sufficient production and scientific
potential leads to stabilization of its structure and
growth of the innovative activity
Influence of a foreign factor on innovative development
of the countries isn't unambiguous, for Russia the
foreign capital was rather limiting factor, than incentive
to development. The analysis of historical experience of
development of domestic science and equipment
showed that the maximum innovative activity of
economy was noted during the centralized science
funding and education. The most important for the
invention and opening which found the application in
domestic economy, were made times of the state control
of processes of development and introduction of new
types of production and technologies. As a result of the
retrospective analysis, it was revealed that innovative
processes in domestic economy in the period of
economic sanctions and restrictions especially become
more active. In this work, it is shown that the market
mechanisms providing free movement of technologies,
knowledge, scientists and experts have negative impact
on the developing national innovative system. Foreign
investments by means of which foreign corporations
exercise control over the domestic enterprises have
special impact on development and promote capital
outflow abroad. It is offered to toughen control of the
foreign capital within the current legislation and to
promote activation of an exchange of scientific and
technical information at the international level
To improve the efficiency of using receivable accounts at the enterprise, there is an objective need to perform its constant control. The management of the accounts receivable allows to consider the issues arising during the execution of payments from the debtors of the enterprise in due time and to take essential measures to overcome such situations. This will ultimately have a favorable effect on the financial condition of the company. This article reviews the possibility of using information technologies for the management of the accounts receivable of the enterprise through the implementation of a balanced credit policy. The presented software tool makes it possible to calculate the final credit rating of each enterprise’s debtor by determining the sum of the weighted estimates of all risk factors, to determine the credit limit of each debtor, based on the total debt limit of the company, or on the basis of average monthly receipt from the funds of the debtor. Furthermore, the program helps to calculate the sum of discounts given to the debtor for the timely merchandise payment, or the sum of the fine for breach of the payment discipline. The use of information technology to automate processes of the accounts receivable management of enterprises can significantly reduce economist’s time of work spent on this issue, define emerging problems in this sphere in due time and help to make justified management decisions to overcome such problems
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article explores the critics of pedagogical
discourse within activity theory. This critical approach
is provided explicitly in contemporary Russian
philosophy by I.A. Karavaeva. Within activity theory,
the idea of objectivity serves as a main criterion of an
educational process, whereas a teacher and a student
are losing their subjectivity. While a teacher is
reproducing the learning material by means of the
method, both of which are determined not by himself,
a student should be reproducing the provided material
as close to the original as possible. The learning
process resembles the reflection in the mirror. The
article raises the question of how to return the
subjectivity back to pedagogical discourse. The article
states that we should take into account the classical
German philosophy by F.W.J. Shelling (concept of
“un-grounding” of knowledge) as well as the
contemporary continental philosophy by J. Deleuze
(identity of thinking and learning). These theories help
to understand how a teacher and a student can think
and learn together. The dialogue between a teacher and
a student produces a unique and contingent learning
situation, when thinking is provoked by the necessity
of interpreting signs and making them meaningful. In
terms of didactics, this results in abandoning the
illusion of primordial knowledge as well as in
transition towards the post-methodological approach in
education
The author deals with problems of substitution of
senses and notions in the science and in the social life.
Such processes result not only in distortion of the
scientific worldview but also in absolutely undesirable
social cataclysms. However, this scientific problem
has not been yet worked out to sufficient extent, which
hampers preventing the mentioned distortions of the
real worldview and brings to unwanted consequences
requiring correlation and corrections. The question of
senses and notions substitution is not new in the
science but it has not been yet sufficiently studied. We
know that strictness of thinking must be dearly paid
for in loss of flexibility in revaluation of senses, which
makes you easily slip into dogmatism. It should be
noted that this keeps taking place both in the science
itself and in the life of society any science is called to
serve. So the science can be hardly imagined without
schools of thought. They ensure preservation of certain
knowledge, vision, approach and, finally, of a certain
school – they are traditions and authority of the
science. However, having passed their golden age,
when the founder used to be followed after several
generations by dogmatists whose genius and talent
were far from being so great, a school begins to
degrade producing scholasticism by substitution and
emasculation of senses and notions and finally
destructs itself. The collectivization in the USSR in the
30ies of the 20th century and so-called “extremes”
associated with it being that very substitution of sense
platforms in its pure form constitutes a rather
illustrative example of social manipulation based on
the substitution of sense platforms. These activities
relating to detection of senses and notions substitution
will also be developed in the future. The truth will be
approached as before through cleaning the knowledge
of the myth, through searching for the original sense or
the archetype separated from lie and fabrication,
cleaned of scientific dishonesty and political order
In the recent past, class-consciousness was considered
one of the expression forms of social consciousness
and acted as its main form due to close interaction with
interests of people. The class-consciousness and the
consciousness of classes were two separate matters of
consideration. It was supposed that the essence of
class-consciousness and of the class-psychology
concomitant with it could only be comprehended in
consideration of structure of the social consciousness
as a whole. The correlation and interconnection of
social psychology and structural units of social
consciousness and ideology was a topical issue.
However, it should be noted that any consideration of
the social consciousness and psychology is just a
naked abstraction when it is made in any of their
interpretations with no account taken of the material
bearer, i.e. the human who is a living organism, and of
population, genetic and environmental circumstances.
Therefore, talking about the class-consciousness and
revolutionary nature of consciousness of the working
class, we meet the following expected question: how
can we talk about any progress if everything comes to
destruction and further formation of an allegedly
classless society with bloodshed and death of a
significant part of population? At the same time, we
can observe reemergence of the thesis of human
heterogeneity that the humankind is not a single
species but a biological genus. The species this genus
consists of have their own genus-consciousness, which
is also aggravated by race features and race
consciousness. That is why there is actually no sense
in talking about peculiarity of the class-consciousness
and social consciousness regardless of certain society
encased in some geographical shell. Research in this
field is worth being developed after moving to the
level of biosphere
During the times of the Soviet Union, it was believed
that the collective farm peasants were a class of the
soviet society that formatted its social basis together
with the working class and the people’s intellectuals.
There was also an opinion that the collective farm
peasants took an active part in construction of the
communism and in ever more intensive development
of productive forces in the agricultural sector.
Evolution of the peasants was interpreted as follows:
in course of preparation and actual realization of the
social revolution along with subsequent reforms, the
poorest peasants acting as ally of the proletariat
became stronger in their revolutionary mood and
gradually mastered certain elements of the proletarian
ideology. Revolutionary enthusiasm and mood of the
poorest peasants changed the consciousness of most
working peasants for the benefit of collectivization.
The latter created in its turn an objective basis of all
peasants’ transformation to a quite new social class
and formation of its socialist psychology. At the same
time, the peasants were always under suspicion, which
related to their petty-bourgeois nature. It should be
mentioned that there was not any voluntary move of
peasants from individualistic sentiments to
collectivism. The transition to industrial methods in
agriculture and to integration of peasants to collective
farms was not caused by some abstract class feeling of
the peasants but by the economic necessity and
expedience for the country. Therefore, we can observe
a substitution of sense platforms regarding this matter,
which is ascertained and reasoned in this publication
The conceptualization of the phenomenon of a man in Economics is one of the key problems of a modern science. Interdisciplinary investigations devoted to the models of «homo economicus», have found their acceptance in the second half of the twentieth century. So, Jean Baudrillard considered the «homo economicus» as part of the postmodern trends. Baudrillard’s man is a consumer living in a society of abundance. The author considers the main features of modern man, presented in the works of Baudrillard. The article analyzes the characteristics of the consumer society that emerged in the twentieth century after the revolution of well-being, defined are the criteria and procedures of selection of the human wealth, and also their further consumption. Special attention is paid to the nature of consumption as a process and an end in itself, the transformation of the credit system, the credit perception of the Human. Individual ceases to be a key agent of the economy. Demand is subjected to an action from the supply side, it is becoming a function of production, under the influence of which the structure of demand is being changed. The author has also addressed to the problem of rationality as the basis of economic modeling and detects the Baudrillard’s negation of rationality as the characteristics of a person consuming. In conclusion, the article has presented the basic concepts of Jean Baudrillard about human behavior in the modern economic environment
Social Sciences and Humanities
The modern xeno-olexis function (analyzing foreign
words in the modern Russian language in the XX and
XXI centuries) in the speech behaviour of a language
personality group of a high school student. The study
was conducted on the online communication material
texts. The group formed the main feature of the high
school's student language identity. The basic
structural and substantial components of student
Internet subdiscourse: temporality, locative, event,
problem, authorship. The model of the conceptual
field of student Internet sub discourse was nominated
the latest (new) xeno-lexis. It highlights the core
concept of the field, near, far and extreme periphery.
The Initial Internet research corps of sub discourse
group linguistic personality of high school students
on the lexical level allows the simulation of sub
discourse to identify main thematic areas and to
structure them on the basis of the conceptual field
What is the thing under the philosophical
interpretation? The thing is a subject of the material
reality, which existence is relatively independent and
stable. Everything has its place in space. The material
world consists of the totality of things, and that is why,
concerning the image of “the thing” in a literary work,
we address to all the objects created by men, which
enter the world of the plot. It can be a costume of a
character, an interior of his house, utensils, personal
items and many other things which compose the usual
sphere of cultural life. In the course of the
development of the society people withdraw
themselves from the natural environment; their
environment becomes man-made. The world of things
is naturally reflected in the literature, and in the course
of time its importance increases. We can explore some
features of an author’s worldview through the analysis
of his ideological and topical works. The study proves
that the material world is fully and equally represented
in the author’s stories. Therefore, the vision of the
material world is a deeper property of the author's
consciousness than the ideological and thematic
occupancy of the works. The material world is one of
the main problems of Leskov's worldview. Leskov is a
realist. The filling of the material world can be either
religious or social. In the spiritual stories «the thing»
must be pushed to the sidelines and become a religious
symbol. But Leskov breaks this system and remains
temporal
The article presents the experience of creating Englishspeaking
environment in Kazan Federal University,
analyses the relevance of the problem, describes its
basic aspects and offers ways of its solving
The transformation of the model of the characters
system organization in the anti-utopian novel by A.
Starobinets "Living" has been analyzed in this article.
The typical anti-utopia identifies three types of
personages: a tyrant, a rebel and a victim. The
evolution of this classical trinity in contemporary antiutopian
literature has been investigated by the example
of the analysis of the image of the main characters of
the novel
Social Sciences and Humanities
The main goal of this article is to pinpoint some main
to our mind problems of tourism in the Krasnodar
region and in Russia in general, such as charter
programs to the Krasnodar region and Russia absence,
visa application difficulties for foreign tourists
The main goal of this article is to study tourists
transport service cost optimization possibility
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article is devoted to the analysis of the historical
event which was signing the Manifesto of 15 March,
1917 about abdication by the Nicolas II. We have
considered the place, the role and the importance of
the Russian emperor abdication in the decline of the
Russian state system and the influence on declining of
morality of Russian society in connection with the
ensuing historical events. Using of the foundations of
the constitutional system allocated by modern science
of constitutional law, the authors conducted a
comparative analysis of changes in the constitutional
system of the Russian Empire, related to abdication of
Nicolas II. The authors deliberately equated the
concept of «the constitutional system» and «the state
system» for evidence of existing state. As a result of
the analysis, the authors concluded that the Russian
Empire was characterized by signs of the state system,
rather than the constitutional system in its modern
sense. The signs allocated by authors are important
for application of experience of the events occurring in
the state during the reign of Nicolas II for their use and
practical implementation at the present stage of
development of the state. The authors do not agree
with the point of view prevailing in historical science,
defining Nicolas II as emperor, who preserved the
remains of statehood in a difficult time for the Russian
Empire and saved society from destruction. On the
contrary, the authors consider that inconsistent
destructive actions of Nicolas II caused the collapse of
Russian Empire
The article deals with the analysis of the role and place
of court practice in the system of civil-law sources.
The author introduces a debatable matter of the
possibility to acknowledge the Russian law as case
law; analyses significance of the judicial practice in
the system of sources of the Russian law; outlines
positions of experts on this matter and draws her own
conclusions. The article provides a review of opinions
of Russian law academics' and practitioners' on the
topic of acknowledgement of judicial practice as a
source of Russian law. The author debates and further
concludes that assigning courts with the law-making
function would benefit the efficiency of current
legislation refinement. The author draws a conclusion
that in the continental legal family court practice,
which earlier wasn't considered a civil-law source,
started gradually to turn into a secondary after civil
legislation law source. The reason for it is because of
more complicated social relations civil legislation
failed to cope efficiently with the detailed legal
regulation which is needed in property relations
reglamentation. The author reveals the difference
between the notions of "court practice" and "judicial
precedent" and concludes that vesting courts with law
making power can facilitate the improvement of the
legislation in force, as well as the development of the
civil law regulation. The final conclusion is that the
litigation irrespective of the form of expression cannot
be the independent source of law
Level analysis of law enforcement cooperation
between private legal and public legal origins was
conducted in the aspect of dual nature of dispositivity
in court jurisdictional process. On the basis of
legislation’s investigation it is found that the
apprehension of dispositivity on doctrinal level as the
principle of judicial process, restricted by private legal
aspect, doesn’t correspond to its legal dual-nature. It is
showed that cohesive perception of dispositivity in
court jurisdictional process is possible under the
condition of its binary perception based on
investigation of its private legal and public legal
origins, providing their harmonic unanimity in the
framework of dualistic approach. It the article it has
been stated that even under the conditions of court
process’ parties’ interests’ contradiction their
warrants may be realized only under their cooperation
with each other, which needs court’s contribution in
the providing of their rights’ realization on equal
terms. It is educed by researches that the cooperation
of private legal and public legal origins of dispositivity
is conducted on two (horizontal and vertical) levels of
their law enforcement connections. Herewith the
coordination of court process’ parties between each
other occurs on horizontal level of cooperation, while
the subordination of parties’ collaboration with the
court occurs on the vertical level. The analysis of
procedural legislation has educed general regularities
of private legal and public legal origins of dispositivity
in court jurisdictional process for different types of
judicial proceedings. These regularities are: the
realization of private legal origin, represented by the
parties, with the relevancy stipulates the demand for
public legal origin of dispositivity, represented by the
court; the realization of public legal origin of
dispositivity, represented by the court, with the
relevancy stipulates the demand for private legal origin
of dispositivity, represented by the parties of judicial
process
The article is devoted to the investigation of the
problems that may face law enforcement official in the
case of regulation transboundary relations between
private law subjects. In that case, the law of the
country with the several legal systems is applied. It is
considered the classification of the legal systems'
plurality in the same state. The proposals concerning
supplements to the Art. 1188 of the Civil Code are
conducted in the following article. In particular, it is
offered to put an addition to the Art. 1188. The
addition would allow to apply the norm to the both:
whether the domestic conflict norm sends to the right
of the foreign state or the right of the internal
collisions itself, i.e. - to extend its action to the
situations, in the cases when the state has substantial
collisions, hierarchical collisions, temporal collisions.
In that way, it is possible to fix the rule in the Art.
1188 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation
which would maintain the case when the domestic
conflict norm sends to the foreign right, and in this
foreign right there are internal collisions, they have to
be resolved, proceeding from rules of the state law to
the conflict norm which was sent by the Russian norm
This artiсlе is dеvоtеd tо thе еvоlutiоn оf thе mаrriаgе
institutе, tо thе sоurсеs аnd tеndеnсiеs оf fаmily
dеvеlоpmеnt. Thе аnаlysis оf thе fаmily rеlаtiоns in
аnсiеnt Bаbylоn ассоrding tо lаws оf Hаmmurаpi is
prеsеntеd in thе аrtiсlе. In Hаmmurаpi соdе thе fаmily
is prеsеntеd аs bаsis nоt оnly fоr есоnоmiс, mаtеriаl
pоwеr оf thе stаtе, but аlsо аs its pоlitiсаl stаbility аnd
sаfеty. Thе rights аnd dutiеs оf spоusеs аrеn't еquаl,
but thеy аrе еquаlly, thоugh еvеryоnе in оwn wаy,
pаrtiсipаtе in асhiеvеmеnt оf а mаin gоаl оf thе
mаtrimоniаl uniоn – thе birth аnd еduсаtiоn оf
сhildrеn. Institutе оf mаrriаgе is оnе оf thе mаin
institutе оf thе fаmily lаw. It is соnsidеrеd in thе
аrtiсlе thе оrdеr аnd соnditiоns оf gеtting mаrriеd, thе
оbstасlеs fоr thе еngаgеmеnt аt vаriоus histоriсаl
stаgеs. It is соnduсtеd thе lеgаl аnаlysis оf thе
mаintеnаnсе оf thе mаrriаgе rеlаtiоns. Thе аttеntiоn is
pаid tо thе quеstiоn оf thе pеrsоnаl аnd prоpеrty
rеlаtiоns bеtwееn spоusеs, pаrеnts аnd сhildrеn;
rеlаtiоnship tо thе mаrriаgе is соnsidеrеd аs а sосiаl
аnd есоnоmiс dеаl аnd lаtеr аs а vоluntаry will оf а
wоmаn аnd а mаn tо gеt mаrriеd. Rеligiоus mоdеls оf
а fаmily аrе соnsidеrеd in thе аrtiсlе. hаngеs whiсh
hаppеnеd during сulturаl histоriсаl dеvеlоpmеnt
соnсеrning thе fоrms оf thе fаmily аnd mаrriаgе
rеlаtiоns аrе аlsо соnсеrnеd thе mаintеnаnсе оf thеsе
rеlаtiоns, in pаrtiсulаr, bеtwееn husbаnd аnd wifе. Thе
сhаngеs hаd mоrе quаlitаtivе сhаrасtеr within thе
еmеrgеnсе оf fаmily mоnоgаmy. Thе соnsidеrаtiоn оf
thе еmеrgеnсе оf thеsе оr thоsе fоrms оf mаrriаgе
prеsеnt thе intеrеst tо thе сulturаl and histоriсаl
аnаlysis аnd thе rеаsоns оf сrisis in thе fаmiliеs
nоwdаys
The authors analyze the question of the legal
problems of protection of the rights of members of
housing co-operative. The article shows the history
of the development of this institution in the Russian
Federation and its status. Of interest is the historical
analysis of the legal institution, as well as the issue of
protecting the rights of members of housing cooperatives
throughout the history of their existence in
our country. The author concludes that there is a need
to improve existing legislation on housing cooperatives.
In particular, the authors propose
amendments to the Housing Code of the Russian
Federation and other federal laws governing these
legal relationships. The article provides the change of
certain provisions of existing legislation that would
allow better quality approach to the protection of the
rights of members of housing co-operatives, as well
as their regulation in general. As well, the authors
indicated some legal problems that occur in practice
arising from members of housing co-operative in
their defense. The analysis of the legal practice of
various courts of the Russian Federation has been
carried out. Following consideration of the practical
problems has been offered for both theoretical and
practical ways to address them in order to prevent
violations of the rights of members of housing cooperatives
in the future