№ 123(9), November, 2016
Date issued: 30.11.2016
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Classic quantitative measure of the reliability of the models: F-measure by van Rijsbergen is based on counting the total number of correctly and incorrectly classified and not classified objects in the training sample. In multiclass classification systems, the facility can simultaneously apply to multiple classes. Accordingly, when the synthesis of the model description is used for formation of generalized images of many of the classes it belongs to. When using the model for classification, it is determined by the degree of similarity or divergence of the object with all classes, and a true-positive decision may be the membership of the object to several classes. The result of this classification may be that the object is not just rightly or wrongly relates or does not relate to different classes, both in the classical F-measure, but rightly or wrongly relates or does not relate to them in varying degrees. However, the classic F-measure does not count the fact that the object may in fact simultaneously belongs to multiple classes (multicrossover) and the fact that the classification result can be obtained with a different degree of similarity-differences of object classes (blurring). In the numerical example, the author states that with true-positive and true-negative decisions, the module similarities-differences of the object classes are much higher than for false-positive and false-negative decisions. It would therefore be rational to the extent that the reliability of the model to take into account not just the fact of true or false positive or negative decisions, but also to take into account the degree of confidence of the classifier in these decisions. In the intellectual system called "Eidos", which is a software toolkit for the automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), we use initially proposed by its developers measure of the reliability of the models, which is essentially a fuzzy multiclass generalization of the classical F-measure (it is proposed to call it the L-measure). In this article, L-measure is mathematically described and its application is demonstrated on a simple numerical example
This article focuses on the mathematical modeling of
evaluation of financial and economic activities of a
company and on definition (based on this model) of
such balance settings (line F1 and F2) which would
make financial-economic indicators of the activities of
the organization optimal, and the total cumulative
score was the maximum. The knowledge and the use
of the optimal parameters of the balance will allow the
managers to plan strategy for the future development
of the company. The article analyzes the dependencies
of each of the 15 basic indicators (profitability,
turnover, financial stability, liquidity and solvency) of
financial and economic activity of the organization on
the balance parameters. The optimal values of the
parameters of the balance and the main indicators of
financial and economic activities of the organization
have been found. We have also built a mathematical
model of optimal control of financial and economic
indicators in the form of a problem of mathematical
programming. For example, for the company called "Nika" it is shown the possibility of improving
estimation of financial and economic condition of the
organization. Knowledge of the optimal parameters of
the balance will allow the managers to plan strategy
for the future development of the organization. To
solve this problem we have used the method of
generalized reduced gradient implemented in Excel,
with which there was found a maximum of the
objective function for the article restrictions. The
article describes the analysis algorithm of the
optimization problem. A common assessment was
carried out in stages, based on the calculation
algorithm of sequentially improved target functions
This article is a continuation of the previous works of
the authors [The influence of reaction dissociation /
recombination of molecules of water on transportation
of electrolyte 1:1 in the membrane systems in the
diffusion layer. Part 1. Mathematical model //
Scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University,
2016. No. 07(121) and The influence of the reaction of
dissociation / recombination of molecules of water on
transportation of electrolyte 1: 1 in membrane systems
in the diffusion layer. Part 2. Asymptotic analysis //
Scientific journal of Kuban State Agrarian University,
2016. – №08(122)] and devoted to assessing the
possibility of gravitational convection due to the
recombination of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions. The
article presents the solution of a boundary-value
problem, which is a mathematical model of
electrodiffusion for the four types of ions at the same
time (two ions of salts and hydrogen and hydroxyl
ions) in the diffusion layer in electro-membrane
systems with ideal selective membrane, with the heat
transfer equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. The
article shows the possibility of the emergence of
gravitational convection due to the exothermic reaction
of recombination of water molecules in the depth of
the solution. The article considered the reaction of
recombination of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl,
although the main results can be applied, after appropriate modifications, and to amfolit-containing
solutions, such as wine, juices, dairy products,
microbiological processing of biomass (amino acids,
anions of polybasic carboxylic acids), municipal
effluent (anions of phosphoric acid), etc.
This article discusses an economic game called
"The struggle for markets". We have generated a
mathematical model of quantum realization of this
game. For clarity, the algorithms are derived for
soft and hard quantum games for assessing the
impact of the degree of entanglement to work and
the result of the algorithm. There are step-by-step
instructions for the sequence of actions and
operations to create a quantum model of the game.
The aim is to assess the influence of the degree of
entanglement on work algorithms. Also, we
investigate the influence of quantum entanglement
on the win for two or more players. The article
gives a comparison with classical results
We consider an approach to the transition from
continuous to discrete scale which was defined by
means of step of quantization (i.e. interval of
grouping). Applied purpose is selecting the number
of gradations in sociological questionnaires. In
accordance with the methodology of the general
stability theory, we offer to choose a step so that the
errors, generated by the quantization, were of the
same order as the errors inherent in the answers of
respondents. At a finite length of interval of the
measured value change of the scale this step of
quantization uniquely determines the number of
gradations. It turns out that for many issues gated it
is enough to point 3 - 6 answers gradations (hints).
On the basis of the probabilistic model we have
proved three theorems of quantization. They are
allowed to develop recommendations on the choice
of the number of gradations in sociological
questionnaires. The idea of "quantization" has
applications not only in sociology. We have noted,
that it can be used not only to select the number of
gradations. So, there are two very interesting
applications of the idea of "quantization" in
inventory management theory - in the two-level
model and in the classical Wilson model taking into
account deviations from it (shows that
"quantization" can use as a way to improve
stability). For the two-level inventory management
model we proved three theorems. We have
abandoned the assumption of Poisson demand,
which is rarely carried out in practice, and we give
generally fairly simple formulas for finding the
optimal values of the control parameters,
simultaneously correcting the mistakes of
predecessors. Once again we see the interpenetration
of statistical methods that have arisen to analyze
data from a variety of subject areas, in this case,
from sociology and logistics. We have another proof
that the statistical methods - single scientificpractical
area that is inappropriate to share by areas
of applications
The article begins with the letter of the chief
engineer of chemical plant near Moscow. He
requests to analyze of data by means of modern
statistical methods and give an opinion on the
presence (or absence) of the relationship between
the two methods of determining the viscosity of the
mastic. For each of the batches of mastic It was
presented two numbers - the viscosity measurement
results of the two methods. These numbers form two
paired samples. We want to install, give whether
two specific methods similar results. The true values
of viscosity in different batches are not equal. Their
difference is not allows us to combine the results of
the first measurement method in first sample, the
results of the second method - in the second sample,
as we can do in the case of testing the homogeneity
of two independent samples. For solutions to this
problem we discuss four statistical criterions, based
on a study of the differences between corresponding
values in two paired samples. We test the hypothesis
of equality 0 of median of these differences (sign
test) and of equality 0 of the mathematical
expectation of these differences. Hypothesis of
testing of equality of the distribution functions of
two paired samples is reduced to the hypothesis of
symmetry of the distribution function of these
differences with respect to 0. In the alternative of the
shift is proposed to use the Wilcoxon signed rank
criterion. In the total alternative is proposed to use
criterion of the omega-square type which is
developed by the author of this article
An analysis of the experimental data obtained by the
authors, as well as reference books, allowed to
hypothesize about the essential role of gravitational
convection in electromembrane systems with
ampholytes even in underlimiting current regimes. The
article is devoted to the development of the
mathematical model of ion transport in a flow
elecrtomembrane system during electrodialysis of
ampholyte-containing solutions with taking into
account a possible appearance of gravitational
convection, in particular, due to nonisothermal
protonation–deprotonation reactions of ampholytes.
The article presents the boundary value problem that is
the new mathematical model for diffusion, convection
and electromigration of four components of the
solution (ions of sodium, dihydrogen phosphate and
hydrogen, as well as molecules of orthophosphoric
acid) in a half of an electrodialysis desalination
channel, adjacent to an anion-exchange membrane. The membrane is considered as ideally selective and
homogeneous. The system of partial differential
equations, that is the base of the model, also includes
equations of Navier-Stokes, material balance,
convective heat conduction and the electroneutrality
condition. The system of equations is supplemented by
a number of natural and original boundary conditions.
A distinctive feature of this study is the absence of
assumptions about the equilibrium of chemical
reactions in a diffusion layer. The results of the study
can be used for the development of environmentally
rational and resource saving membrane technologies
for a processing of products of agro-industrial complex
There is a 2D mathematical model of ion transport
binary salt with the main conjugate effects of
concentration polarization in the overlimiting current
mode: the bulk charge and the dissociation/
recombination of water, gravity and electroconvection
and Joule heating the solution in the form of a
boundary value problem for systems of differential
equations with partial derivatives in the article. This
system is presented in a form convenient for numerical
solution. We describe the necessary boundary
conditions. This article presents a theoretical study of
the interaction of forced, gravitational and
electroconvection, the dissociation / recombination of
water molecules, and Joule heating of the solution and
heat transport through membranes. We have
constructed a mathematical model of two-dimensional
non-stationary ion transport binary salt in a smooth
rectangular channel desalting electrodialysis device
using equations Nernst-Planck-Poisson, heat
conduction and Navier-Stokes equations and the
natural boundary conditions. For numerical solution
we use the finite element method, with the splitting of
task at each new time layer into three subtasks:
electrochemical, thermal conductivity, hydrodynamic.
Such approach to the development of numerical
methods is the original and can solve arising in
modeling boundary-value problems for a nonlinear system of partial differential equations
The creation of artificial intelligence systems is one
of important and perspective directions of
development of modern information technology.
Since there are many alternatives of mathematical
models of systems of artificial intelligence, there is a
need to assess the quality of these models, which
requires their comparison. To achieve this goal we
require free access to the source data and
methodology, which allows to convert these data
into a form needed for processing in artificial
intelligence. A good choice for these purposes is a
database of test problems for systems of artificial
intelligence of repository of UCI. In this work we
used the database "Iris Data Set" from the bank's
original task of artificial intelligence – UCI
repository, which solved the problem of
formalization of the subject area (development of
classification and descriptive dials and graduations
and the encoding of the source data, resulting
training sample, essentially representing a
normalized source data), synthesis and verification
statistical and system-cognitive models of the
subject area, identify colors with classes, which
serve varieties of Iris, as well as studies of the
subject area by studying its model. To solve these
problems we used the automated system-cognitive
analysis (ASC-analysis) and its programmatic
Toolkit – intellectual system called "Eidos"
Problem having elementary formulation makes us
look for its easier solution. So the combinatorial
method of positive integer’s factorization is an
attempt to do it. The combinatory method possesses
simple algorithm, leading immediately to finding out
all the factorizations and identification of all prime
numbers on any interval of the positive integers.
Prime numbers don’t carry any information except
their own magnitude. Composite numbers, possessing
divisibility properties provide possibility to discover
the law of their distribution. The achievement of this
purpose also completely solves the problem of
finding out the law of prime numbers’ distribution
Specially formed mixtures of isotopes of chemical
elements have better consumer properties than their
natural counterparts. Therefore, the development of
methods for increasing the efficiency of the known
methods for producing of isotope materials is relevant. It
is known that the chemical bond is formed only in the singlet state of the spins of valence electrons of the
reagents. On the basis of the known representations
about dispersion of spin projections on the coordinate
axes and the molecular-kinetic theory of gases was
obtained an expression for the constant of the chemical
reaction between the radicals occurring in the magnetic
field. This expression allows calculating the reactivity of
the isotopic modifications of radicals. Plasma allows to
transfer many of the compounds in the gas phase. It is
known that a significant part of particles in low
temperature plasma is in a radical form. The equations of
chemical kinetics for describing the process of oxidation
of the carbon isotopes in argon-oxygen plasma occurring
in an external permanent magnetic field were written in
the work. It was shown that the efficiency of plasma
process of isotopes separation can be increased only
under insufficient oxygen relative to the stoichiometric
value. These equations of chemical kinetics of processes
occurring in the plasma process of incomplete oxidation
of carbon isotopes needed to find experimental
conditions that provide the maximum isotope effect in a
magnetic field
In this article we consider the many-body problem in
general relativity in the case of the distribution of N
singularities on the circle. It specifies the exact solution
of the problem for an arbitrary distribution of
singularities. It is shown that the static metric of N
singularities corresponds to Newton's theory of N centers
of gravity, moving around the central body in a circular
orbit in a non-inertial frame of reference, rotating with a
period of bodies revolving. We consider the statement of
the problem of many bodies distributed at the initial time
on the circle. In numerical calculations, we studied the
properties of the gravitational potential in the problem of
establishing a static condition in which multiple
singularities retain the initial position on the circle. This
is achieved due to relativistic effects, which have no
analogues in Newton's theory of gravitation. Using the
properties of relativistic potentials justified transition
from the relativistic motion of the particles to the
dynamic equations in the classical theory. A system of
non-linear parabolic equations describing the evolution
of the metric in the Ricci flow proposed. The problem of
the calculation of the potentials in the Ricci flow
formulated. The application of the theory to describe the
ring galaxy, planetary rings and the asteroid belt
considered
In this work, we examine the dynamics of relativistic
particles in the ring or spiral galaxy metric in general
relativity. On the basis of the solution of Einstein's
equations we have derived metric having axial
symmetry, comprising N centers of gravity and a
logarithmic singularity. The application received metrics
to describe the motion of particles in a spiral and ring
galaxy. On the basis of Einstein's equations solutions for
vacuum we are explained rotation of matter in spiral
galaxies. An expression for gravitation potential in the
inner region of spiral galaxies in agreement with
experimental data on the rotation of the CO and
hydrogen is described. It is established that in the metric
with N centers of gravity which are distributed on the
circumference, exist as a local motion near the center of
gravity, and motion around N gravity center as well. The
transition from one mode of motion to another is
determined by the initial distance to the circle on which
the distributed centers of gravity. A system of non-linear
parabolic equations describing the evolution of the
metric in the Ricci flow proposed. The boundary
problem for the gravitational potentials in the Ricci flow
was formulated. There are applications of the theory to
describe a spiral and ring galaxy
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The present work describes the chemical synthesis of
poly-N,N-diallyl pyrrolidinium bromide and polyN,N-diallyl
morpholinium bromide - high-molecular
compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms,
which included in two five- and/or six-membered
heterocyclic rings. These polymers are perspective
modifiers for industrially produced anion-exchange
membranes, the use of which should significantly
improve the resistance to degradation of the
membranes at over-limiting current regimes. The
structure of obtained polymers was characterized by
FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The optimal
reaction conditions, which increase the yield of desired
products, were defined. It is shown that is preferable to
use 1-butanol as a solvent and benzoyl peroxide as an
initiator
Life Sciences
In this article we consider application of the automated systemic and cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis), its mathematical model – a systemic information theory and the program tools realizing them – the intellectual Eidos system, for input (digitization) of images from graphic files, synthesis of the generalized images of classes, their abstraction, classification of the generalized images of classes (clusters and constructs), comparison of concrete images with the generalized images (identification) of classes, comparisons of classes with each other and creations of the generalized images of genus of ground beetles on the basis of images of the types. The new approach to digitization of images of ground beetles based on use of a polar frame, the center of weight of the image and its external contour is offered. Before digitization of images, their transformations standardizing the provision of images, their sizes and an angle of rotation can be applied. Therefore, the results of digitization and the ASK-analysis of images can be invariant (are independent) concerning their situation, the sizes and turn. There is a successful experience of the solution of similar tasks in other subject domains. This article can be considered as a continuation of series of the works devoted to application of the automated systemic and cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its program tools – the Eidos system
The article presents the results on the effects of
Imazethapyr herbicide on aquatic organisms. The
chronic toxic effects have been studied of the
imidazolinone herbicide in a concentration range of
0.4 - 1150 mg/l to the representatives of various
groups of aquatic organisms: zoobenthos – great
ramshorn snail (Planorbarius corneus), zooplankton
- Daphnia (Daphnia magna Straus), phytoplankton -
protococcal alga (Scenedesmus guadrigauda) and
macrophytes - higher aquatic vegetation (Elodea
canadensis Michx). It is shown that the herbicide
does not have a pronounced lethal effect to aquatic
organisms tested. Their respective LC50 values are
> 1000, 680, 510 and 910. Elodea is shown to be
most sensitive to its sublethal effects (decreased
growth of lateral and main sprouts at a concentration
of 10 mg/l and more), reduced fertility was observed
in Daphnia at a concentration of 300 mg/l and
above, and as to the great ramshorn snail no
sublethal effects have been revealed for all the
concentrations studied
Clonal micro-multiplication – is this the basic method
of obtaining the qualitative virus-free planting
material. The high quality specificity of the explants
reaction of the grapes varieties to the composition of
nutrient medium requires the individual selection of
the medium components for the most successful multiplication
in vitro. In the article we present the results
of studies on the cultivation of the grapes apexes
in vitro the modified medium with the reduced
content of macrocells. As a result of conducted investigations
we have established that for the grapes varieties
of Academic Trubilin, Artemis, Gurman
Kraynova, Maria Kallas, Nizina, Petit Verdo and
Traminer Black the most effective introduction into
the in vitro culture (acclimatization of apexes 80-
100%) occurs on modified nutrient medium to
Murasige and Skoog (1962), by being differed in
terms of the content macro-elements (mG/l):
NH4NO3 – 1237; KNO3 – 1425; MgSO4 ·
7N2O – 277,5; KN2PO4 · H2O – 277,5, of the
vitamin Of v1 – 10,0 mG/l, nicotinic acid – 4 mG/l.
Remaining varieties of Kishmish luchistiy, Preobrajenie,
Roshfor K and Yubiley Novocherkasska in the
same medium were developed slowly and in a different
way
This work considers the needs and methods of phage
therapy of two bacterial infections in poultry. The
review examines the use of bacteriophages, from the
moment of their discovery to the present day. We
discuss the relevance of such diseases as
compilobacteriosis and colibacteriosis transmitted
from birds to humans, we show how to use
bacteriophages and their efficacy in models of adult
birds and chickens, including information provided on
the pilot study of phage therapy at a poultry farm. The
reported study was partially supported by RFBR,
research projects No. 16-44-230855 and No. 13-04-
00991 and № 16-44-230855-р_а
The article presents the data on the chemical elements
content in soils, plant leaves and lichens of three
squares in Rostov-on-Don. The calculation of the total
index of soil contamination by chemical elements finds
that soils of the square are characterized by a low
degree of contamination
The article deals with the problem of eliminating
environmental pollution by oil-contaminated waste. It's
suggested modern ways of improving technologies for
oily waste utilization. The comparative characteristic
of the essence, advantages and disadvantages,
effectiveness of ways of waste recycling is described.
The basic utilization technologies of oil sludge of
various origins are emphasized taking into account the
aspects of their composition and properties. It's
represented the results of a patent search in this area to
ensure a high level of new developments. It's
characterized the developed technologies for
utilization and recycling of oily waste to produce
environmentally products of utilization – organic and
mineral additives which are suitable for use as
secondary material resources
An important element in the technology of growing
seed plants of onion is the use of physiologically active
substances to protect plants from frost in early spring
growing season. Damage to plants during this period
affects seed production. In the experiment we used
preparation called Epin-Extra R, with which the leaves
of plants were treated a day before expected frost. Test
results have shown high efficiency of preparation in the
field and in the film unheated greenhouse. Treatment
helps to balance the negative impact of low
temperatures and obtain an additional seeds yield 92-95
kg / ha more compared with the control, due to the
increase of seed of productivity of plants to 3.2 g
The research results on regeneration activity of
wilding cuttings of phylloxeraresistant varieties of
grapes influenced by heteroauxin treatment are
analysed in the article. The preliminary studies were
held in All-Russian research institute of viticulture
and wine-making of Ya.I. Potapenko using cuttings of
3 grape varieties – Berlandieri x Riparia Cober 5bb,
Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri x Riparia
CO-4. The cuttings were soaked during 48 hours in
0,005 % heteroauxin and were implanted in sand in
adjustable conditions of temperature, humidity and
aeration. In 2012-2013 experiments were continued in
Kuban State Agrarian University. The varieties
Gravesak, RSB and Berlandieri x Riparia Teleki 5C
were added to the experiment. Three-items buds were
shooted in damp steamed sawdust in a film hothouse.
In preliminary researches application of heteroauxin
has allowed to increase root-growing by 20,3-40,0 %.
The greatest increase of root-growing (40 %) was
observed on variety СО-4, that is characterized by the
weakest potential rhizogenesis activity, and the least
(20,3 %) on control variety Cober 5 bb. Next
researches show that treatment of cuttings basal ends
by 0,01 % heteroauxin activated their regeneration
process, that was expressed in: increase in sprouts
length – variety 5 C, 101-14 and Gravesak by 23,1-
157,6 %; increasing of cuttings root-growing from
16,7 % on variety 5C to 60,0 % on variety Cober 5 bb,
the quantity of cuttings with not fewer of 3 roots from
accordingly 13,0 % to 54,7 %; increasing of roots
from 0,7 on variety СО-4 to 2,7 on variety 101-14 or
in 1,7-2,7 times. The application of heteroauxin on
variety RSB did not show positive results, because of
the variety peculiarities
At present, the demand of producers and the market
determine the model of future varieties. Task for
breeders is to develop varieties having a set of
economic and biological traits fitting into the model
templates. The developed varieties and hybrids should
ensure for climatic conditions of the Krasnodar region
consistently high yields, better product quality and
maximum efficiency of crop industry. As a result of
breeding work there was developed a watermelon
variety called Yubilyar, belonging to medium-ripening
group, having high figures of economically valuable
traits. The variety has resistance to unfavorable factors
of growing conditions and stable yields. It is suitable
for cultivation in rainfed areas and practically does not
require protective measures against major diseases
prevalent in the southern regions. Fruits are large, of
wide elliptical shape, with bright crispy red flesh and a
thin crust. Determined by stable fruiting under
different weather conditions, friendly yield return,
commercial fruits – up to 92%. Potential yield – up to
25 t/ha. Good stored for 40-50 days, suitable for
transportation on a long distance. Passed preliminary
tests on the fields in the Krasnodar, Rostov regions and
the Republic of North Ossetia. According to results of
evaluation from producers the variety meets
requirements of the market and has a commercial
appeal
The phenomenon of fasciation on the example of higher
plants was considered. The effect of fasciation on the
various particularities of plants has been shown. The
numerous examples of the different groups of plants with
fasciation bodies are given. We have demonstrated that
the phenomenon of fasciation is more common for
cultivated plants than for wild. In most cases, fasciation
is considered as an exceptional phenomenon. A number
of authors have distinguished fasciation to inheritable
and non-inheritable. The first is caused by internal
reasons. The second is the influence of external factors
such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. The
number of regularities was installed: reproductive bodies
of plants fasciationing more often; thermophilic forms
are more likely to be fasciation. The images of different
cultures with fasciation parts are given. We discuss using
the introduction of the term ”connаtions” as
morphological abnormalities. Fasciation can be
considered as a marker trait for the cause of this
phenomenon with violation of ecological situation. The
plants with morphosis, including fasciation of the certain
parts of bodies, can act as indicators of environmental
pollution. The study of the phenomenon of fasciation in
higher plants can be regarded as a method of breeding for
large fruit size. From one side, to establish the adaptation
abilities of newly created genotypes. Thus, the
phenomenon of fasciation has affected many areas of
science. On the other side, it is proof of the violations
caused by environmental factors. On the other hand, it is
hereditary reasons, and can also serve as a model for
studying morphogenesis
The article presents the long-term data (2007-2015.)
biometric aboveground plant parts and the estimation of
the prospects of the three introduced botanical species
of juniper and recommendations for their use in
landscape design. We have established very promising,
promising and unpromising varieties for landscaping in
the conditions of the foothill zone of the Krasnodar
region out of 16 varieties of juniper species: China,
ordinary and rock
The review considers a present level of knowledge
of terrestrial gastropod olfactory system. Special
attention is given to data concerning presence of
electrical coupling on different levels of terrestrial
gastropods olfactory analyzer functioning. Analysis
of available literature leads to conclusion that
further study of neural gap junctions in terrestrial
gastropods olfactory system will provide a
significant development in its structure and function
modeling
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The article describes a possibility of obtaining food
pectin extracts of high purity form secondary raw
materials such as sunflower anthodiа. The relevance of
the use of pectin extracts as independent products or as
an ingredient in food products for therapeutic and
prophylactic purposes is determined by the high
complexing ability of pectin substances in the
dissolved form, in comparison with the commercial
powder pectin. The use of pectin extracts reduces the
cost of the final product by reducing the number of
technological procedures. As dried plant material is
mainly used for the production of pectin and pectin
extracts, the article presents the study of the swelling
process of dried and crushed sunflower anthodiа. It is
established that the inclusion of the swelling process as
a separate technological process for the production of
pectin extract from the sunflower anthodiа is
impracticable. The study on further processing of
vegetable raw materials by electroactivated water
system (EAWS) to reduce the content of ballast
substances in raw material in relation to pectin and
increase the purity of pectin extract is also presented.
Some processing options of sunflower anthodia with
EAWS of various рН were considered as well. The
decrease in the content of dry substances in the
processing of plant material that characterizes the
decrease in the number of ballast substances is shown.
We have also calculated the purity of the obtained
pectin extracts
The role of transport in agricultural production
is considerable. It is a connecting link in a
single technological chain of the agroindustrial
complex of the country (RF AIC). In
intraeconomic transportation in the RF AIC,
along with cars, we widely use tractors.
Rational application of wheeled tractors in
intraeconomic carriage substantiates the
possibility of their movements both on
asphalted and dirt roads. A specific share of
tractor transport in domestic agriculture
amounts 22-27% of the total transport
transportations and 50-60% of intraeconomic
carriage. There is a high level of the usage of
tractor transport in Western European countries
and in the United States. In farms of leading
Western European countries (Germany, Italy,
France and others.) there is about 70-90% of
intraeconomic carriage performed by tractor
transport. One of the most substantial and
difficult tasks is to fight with damage and losses
of agricultural production, in which a very
responsible role has been assigned to
automobile and tractor transport as an important
link in the AIC. According to the analysis of
materials for the preparation and use of potatoes and apples, more than 15-20% of the products
do not reach the consumer. Low quality of the
use of vehicles during transportation is a
problem. Transport costs in the prime cost of
produced products in rural areas reach 30-40%
or more. Lowering them will further influence
the development of the agroindustrial complex.
Thus, the creation of new of scientifically
grounded decisions in designs of vehicles for
intraeconomic carriage that enhance
preservation and performance of potato
harvesting and apples in the conditions of
Russia's AIC is the actual scientific and
technical task. Its solution makes a significant
contribution to the development of the country,
as well as it contributes to the implementation
of breakeven, competitive manufacture
In agriculture the issue of enhancing the
efficiency of operation of internal combustion
engines (ICE), reducing the costs of
maintenance (TO) and repairing (TP) fuel
supply apparatus (TA) using the improvement
of methods and means of diagnosis is a topical
in connection with the aging rolling stock
farming and lack of investment. Analysis of the
known TA diesel engine vehicles systems
showed that the most widespread system is the
divided type with multiplunger high pressure
fuel pump (fuel pump), while the methods of its
diagnosing are laborious, they require partial
disassembly and have insufficient accuracy.
The mathematical models that characterize the
work of a high-pressure fuel pump (fuel pump)
use a large number of parameters that
significantly affect the quality of dynamics of
the change of pressure values of diesel fuel.
However, in the materials of previously
published articles there were no issues
considered assessing the extent of the
quantitative impact, performance and features
change in the sensitivity settings of the
mathematical models on the simulation results,
there are no recommendations on the degree of
sensitivity and importance of each of the
parameters. For a more accurate diagnosis of
the fuel supply apparatus of a diesel engine it is
advisable to use several methods of diagnosing.
The article substantiates development of a
mathematical model of a high-pressure fuel
pump based on the analysis of modern methods
of diagnosing of fuel equipment for autotractor
diesel engines
The article describes realization of the software
module called "Department work plan". This module
is a part of the system of management decisions
support. The primary function of the system is the
process of generating documentation in higher
education institutions. This software system and its
additional software modules have been developed
and tested at the Department of Computer
Engineering of computer technologies and
information security Institute of Southern Federal
University (SFedU). The software module allows you
to generate the work plan for the university’s
subdivision, such as department. List of initial data
for the work of software module is described in this
article. The main algorithm distribution of
department's workload for the academic year was
described. The article describes the organization of
work of the software module. The main stages of the
generation of the work plan for the university
subdivision were enumerated. The described process
of generation of the work plan of the university
subdivision was supplemented by illustrative
material. The implemented software module has a
convenient and functional user interface, which
allows significantly facilitating the input and editing
of data. The generated data can be exported in
Microsoft Excel format. Considering the available
opportunity to customize the module to fit the
requirements of a particular user, it can be
implemented in subdivisions of various universities
Physical and chemical characteristics of the Stavropol
oil are provided. The found value of density of 853,6
kg/m3
is low and shows that oil mainly contains light
paraffin hydrocarbons. Distillation of test of oil is
carried out on the device of rectification of ARN-2 oil
to laboratories of the Tuapse oil refinery. On the basis
of experimental data, the curve of oil ITK is
constructed. The chromotographic analysis determined
a mass fraction of C1-C6 hydrocarbons in a model of
test of oil. The conclusion is drawn that according to
GOST 31378-2009 regulations the sample of oil can
be carried depending on a mass fraction of sulfur to the
2nd class ("sulphurous"); on density – to the 2nd type
("averages"); on content of chloride salts, waters,
mechanical impurity – to the 1st group; on a mass
fraction of hydrogen sulfide, marked - and
etilmerkaptan in the amount – to the 1st type. The
sample of oil is characterized by the low temperature
of hardening (minus 15 °C)
Our research aims at providing new effective control
methods for scientific and technical expertise to
organizations and foundations that fund research
projects on a competitive basis. These methods should
provide analytical decision support for group decision
making in a distributed environment. In this work, we
consider an integral model for knowledge
representation – a socio-semantic knowledge network
that combines social links and a semantic description
of knowledge into a mathematically formalized graph
theoretic structure. In terms of actor-network theory,
we consider a multimodal network with actors on one
of the levels and artefacts (i.e. contexts that express
network links) on the other level. In order to represent
knowledge domain based on a graph and hypergraph
paradigm and fuzzy sets theory, we provide a
sufficiently complete set of elements and relations
(either trustworthy or partially trustworthy) both
between multitype elements and their heterogeneous
groups. The formal representation allows applying the
model to solve numerous practical tasks such as expert
finding, formation of expert groups, expertise
refinement, reduction of subjectivity, analysis of an
expertise process, analysis of processes within expert
groups. Research methodology: social network
analysis (SNA), theory of graphs and hypergraphs,
fuzzy calculus and fuzzy logic
The article gives the analysis of the questions that
provide economic entities stable functioning in
extreme competitive interactions. The task of choosing
competitive stable behaviour strategy of the economic
entity on the basis of efficient use of a resource is
defined in maximine terms. To solve the problem it is
suggested to use the means of a multistage nonzero
attrition game and a negative-sum “gain”. The ways to
overcome major difficulties of a numerical solution of
the formulated extreme problem in connection with its
dimension and the kind of an optimizable function that
might be discontinuous, nondifferentiable and
multiextremal are found out. Due to its discrete
behaviour a criterial function is given in terms of
Taylor approximation. Derivatives in the direction are
calculated to find the pair of mixed strategies that is
the solution of the considered game. On the basis of
the suggested optimal solving algorithm by means of
successive approximation maximine value of the
efficiency criterion of the economic entity functioning
and optimal distributions of the strategies application
probabilities that provide its stable (balanced)
“survival” are evaluated. The application of
competitive stable behaviour strategies based on
maximum efficient use of resources allows economic
entities to remain viable and provides balanced
competitive environment in regional sectors of
economy
The aim of the research is analytical determination of
the middle speed of the corn seeds on the flat vibrating
sieve of finite width. The object of the study is the
process of sorting of seeds of corn on the flat vibrating
sieve. The mathematical modeling of the motion of the
separated layer of the cereal mixture on the sieve is
conditioned by the necessity of intensification of
division of grain-growing materials on a flat sieve.
Despite the significant progress in the development of
mathematical models of the motion of a mixture on
vibrated sieve, their further refinement remains an
actual task. In particular, in calculation practice, theory
in which the width of the flat sieve is considered
infinite is used, i.e. the impact on the process of the
moving frame of the sieve bed is not taken into
account. In connection with absence of estimations of
the error brought in by this assumption, the necessity
to develop a theory of the movement of the mixture on
a sieve of the finite width appeared. For the analysis,
the following assumptions were accepted: first, the
corn seeds were considered as balls of different
diameter, second – the layer of grain on a sieve was
considered as heterogeneous viscid liquid. Based on
undertaken study it is set that most rational for the
achievement of the put aim is application of method of
Bubnov-Galerkin. As a result of undertaken research
analytical dependences are received for the calculation
of flowrate of grain mixture on the vibrational sieve of
the final width taking into account separation of the
mixture into factions
This article discusses the principles of quantum
computing simulation using hardware approach. We
describe a general mathematical model of a quantum
computer; we show the method of mathematical
modeling of quantum computation with optimization
and a scheme of a hardware processing core in a
quantum computing accelerator. The article gives a
method of assessment of increasing productivity in the
simulation of quantum computations using computing
hardware core. The problems associated with the
parallelization of computations on a hardware
accelerator, simulating quantum computing were
analyzed. The work lists the results of comparison of
software and hardware simulation, as well as the
dependence of the temporal evaluation of the number
of qubits and parallel ALU in the computer-hardware
accelerator
The basis of Semantic Web technology is the
possibility of joint construction of ontology and the
formation of the dictionary without centralized control.
All the information and the knowledge encoded in the
ontology as semantic web-terms and the semantic
web-documents. Swoogle helps software agents and
knowledge engineers find Semantic Web knowledge
encoded in RDF and OWL documents on the Web.
Navigating such a Semantic Web on the Web is
difficult due to the paucity of explicit hyperlinks
beyond the namespaces in URIrefs and the few interdocument
links like rdfs:seeAlso and owl:imports. In
order to solve this issue, this paper proposes a novel
Semantic Web navigation model providing additional
navigation paths through Swoogle’s search services
such as the Ontology Dictionary. Using this model, we
have developed algorithms for ranking of Semantic
Web objects at three levels of granularity: documents,
terms and RDF graphs. The article focuses on the
ranking at the document level, based on a rational
search model, which emits the agent's behavior when
navigating at the document level, and ranking on level
terms, the value of which is determined by the number
of their references in all documents
One of the key areas of interdisciplinary research is to
ensure public safety. In order to solve a number of
problems within this area we can effectively use
information technology and, in particular, an
automated pattern recognition technology and
identification of objects on digital images. There are
addition problems in objects identifying process
besides eliminating the influence of ambient light,
angle, items of clothing and headgear. To ensure the
applicability of the recognition approach to public
security issues it must meet requirements of the high
processing speed, the replenishment capabilities onthe-fly
list of known images, and the low
computational complexity of algorithms. The article
deals with the main approaches to the recognition and
identification of objects on digital images based on
statistical approaches, as well as neural network
models. We have allocate their basic features and
principles, provided a brief description of each
method. Consideration has been made in terms of the
application for the problems of public safety, in which
there is importance of the speed of the identification of
the object, the ability of quickly learning for the
system to accept new images and simultaneously
process a plurality of input images. The analysis of the
existing approaches has shown that none of them
satisfy at least one or several needs, which are defined
by domain problems of public safety
The article shows the influence of pre-treatment
with a solution of sodium chloride and a solution of
succinic acid in various concentrations to clean the
baskets-of inflorescences of sunflower from the
ballast towards the pectin substances. The
application of these solutions helps to reduce
protein, coloring and aromatic substances contained
in baskets-inflorescences of sunflower, as well as
easing the connection of calcium ions with
protopectin in inflorescences of sunflower, in the
future, cleaned baskets-blossoms of the sunflower
are used as raw material for producing high-quality
pectin extract
The problem of environmental protection from toxic contamination, i.e. toxic products contained in exhaust gases, is one of the most pressing in the modern world.
Currently, internal combustion engines and vehicles of transport and technological machines rank first in power supply in the global energy balance. The total amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere by tank-automotive equipment exceeds more than three times the emissions released by industrial companies. Besides the vast majority of tracked and wheeled vehicles are equipped with diesel engines, which excel gasoline engines in harmful substances released together with exhaust gases. Therefore the problem of emission control becomes more and more urgent. The aim of this study is the analysis of modern means and methods of reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases released by diesel engines.
The existing methods of emission control can be divided into four groups: improving the design of the internal combustion engine; the accounting of operational factors affecting the toxicity of exhaust gases; the use of unconventional fuels; the exhaust gases cleaning in the exhaust pipe. Each method has several major ways to reduce the emission of toxic substances, which are often mutually complementary. We have cited the research date of influencing each of the methods on the emissions of toxic substances in exhaust gases. We have found that reducing the emission of toxic substances in compliance with Euro-6 requirements can only be obtained by the simultaneous use of several methods of reducing emissions.
We have proved the effectiveness and economic feasibility of using combined neutralizers to clean exhaust gases
In recent decades, Russia has increased the demand for
high oleic sunflower oil and, consequently, for the raw
material from which it is derived – high oleic sunflower
seeds. Currently existing methods of control of mass
fraction of oleic acid in the seed oil of sunflower, have
significant drawbacks, due to which sharply raises the
question of the development of the Express methods of
control of mass fraction of oleic acid. The study presents
the results of determining the mass fraction of oleic acid
in the oil of sunflower seeds, obtained by known
methods (GC and ri), and developed a method based on
NMR. The developed method of determining the mass
fraction of oleic acid in sunflower seed oil has a number
of advantages compared with the known: is not
destructive (does not require the extraction of oil from
seeds), does not require special sample preparation
excludes the use of toxic chemicals, the analysis duration is 5 minutes, ensuring high representativeness of the
sample, and the simplicity and automation of the analysis
process reduces the requirements for qualifications of
laboratory personnel. The developed method of
determining the mass fraction of oleic acid in the oil of
sunflower seeds can be carried out simultaneously with
the determination of oil and moisture content of seeds on
commercially available analyzers, but I hope it 1006М,
which is currently applied at more than 250 companies of
oil and fat industry
From a review of the literary sources it is revealed that the existing vibration exciters are classified into mechanical, electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic. One of the most promising areas of development and use of sources of vibrations for tillage tools are electrical exciters of mechanical vibrations namely solenoid with a metal core inside. Based on the analysis of existing technical means for soil cultivation we are proposed a new technical mean of vibration exposure for tilting the soil without or before ploughing. Theoretical regularities of change of draft resistance depending on the vibration amplitude and the mass of the vibration exciter were received in the studies. A structurally - technological scheme of the combined tillage combine with electric vibration exciter and a device for automatic regulation of the technological process of the work of tillage machine was developed. The proposed vibration tool will supposedly reduce the soil resistance force acting on the working bodies, which will reduce energy costs up to 20% for the technology process of soil cultivation; harmful emissions from the combustion of diesel fuel into the atmosphere were reduced. The proposed technical mean can be used for soil cultivation in different soil fertility under different soil density
In the study of the processes of growing, harvesting,
post-harvesting processing and delivery of fruit and vegetables it seems to be rational to have generalized
control of the "product – environment – packaging –
transport - storage" in general, as well as providing
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for fruit
and vegetable products depending on its condition.
The basis of ensuring product integrity at all stages of
production is a system approach with application of
modern information technologies. Optimization of
logistic processes in the agro-industrial complex
(AIC), in addition to cost, market influences many
important indicators of the final product of this
complex: quality, timing and reliability of supply, the
size of the delivered batches, etc. The quality of fruits
and vegetables begins to change dramatically
immediately after harvesting. Being in a stressful and
unfavorable conditions, fruit, vegetables, root crops
intensively lose moisture and consume nutrients,
secrete aromatic substances, carry out the breathing
process. These losses are caused by biological factors
fit fruit and vegetable products to the changed
conditions. Thus, the main indicators of the quality of
products to control rationally in the process of
harvesting and subsequent production phases take
into account the data obtained to optimize process
parameters to reduce losses and damage products.
The article discusses the prospects of applying the
system-information approach to the formation of
quality of fruits and vegetables during transportation
and storage. The proposed embodiment of a
generalized control of the "product – environment –
packaging – transport - storage", aimed at ensuring
the possibility of creating optimal conditions for
easy-to-sell agricultural products (fruits, vegetables,
root crops) depending on its condition. We have
established that rational technology of production and
sales of products must have the ability to control and
operational adjustments depending on the level of
quality input products from the stage of harvest
In the article we consider questions of use of gearless electric drives with the linear asynchronous engines. Constructions of engines, their features and the principle of action in the electric drives of difficult oscillating motion executed on system the frequency converter – the asynchronous engine, deprived of shortcomings inherent in geared electric drives are described. Recommendations for a choice of an optimal variant of the drive of a working organ of the technological machine which is carried out on the basis of determination of value of the gained technical and economic effect are made. Methods of technical and economic project evaluation are offered: a method of a maximum of economic effect and a method of a minimum of the given expenses, their assessment is given. On the example of the grain-cleaning machine Petkus K531A and the roller-deck machine SGR-400 determination of technical and economic effect is made and an economic assessment of upgrade is given. The conclusion is drawn on validity of use of gearless electric drives from linear asynchronous engines in a technology equipment of agrarian and industrial complex due to lowering of energy capacity of technological processes because of an exception of gears and transformers of a type of movement; in some cases increase in an output of the final product due to increase in efficiency of technological process is watched; implementation of difficult oscillating motion allows to look at execution of a row of technological operations with development of new technological machines in a new way
Disc tools are designed for the surface treatment of the
soil, as well as for loosening and preparing the soil for
planting, weed control and grinding residue, for
seedbed preparation without preliminary plowing in
the system of minimum tillage technology and after
thick stem row crops harvesting. It implements a disk
type implements include a disc mounted on the
individual rack. Classical instruments of this type are
made with a rigid stand mounting the cutter body to
the frame. In the classical working body attachment
scheme has a number of disadvantages. One of them is
the lack of a safety element. The proposed version of
the working body of the fastening using a spring strut
has the following advantages. When zooming in on the
disc obstacles (dense soil, bump, pit, stone), flexible
disk drives backward, up, down or to the side (left,
right) by the spring property (elasticity) of the curved
rack. This design reduces the shock load on the
bearing assembly, wherein the disc is returned to the
original position by passing earth and crop residues
without blockage. The purpose of structural changes
was to reduce the energy intensity of the surface
treatment process of the soil while improving
reliability
In the article we have reflected a relationship between
the parameters of the research activities of scientific
and pedagogical collectives and the characteristics of
the educational environment in higher education. It is
known that the research activities of scientific and
pedagogical workers and teams - an integral part
functioning of the higher education institution (and
improving its efficiency is one of the most important
problems). The authors proved that parameters
reflecting research activity of scientific and
pedagogical higher education of institution employees
characterize the aspects of the educational
environment as its latitude, intensity, social activity,
coherence, mobility, stability, reliability and
efficiency. It is caused by the fact that the research
activities of scientific and pedagogical workers - a
multifaceted social and cultural phenomenon. The idea
of the diagnosis of the educational environment of a higher educational institution and its structural units,
based on an assessment of scientometric indicators
(criteria for research productivity), can be completely
suitable for international and Russian requirements:
the well-known Shanghai procedure shifts the
emphasis on the evaluation of various aspects of the
research activities in higher education; serious
attention to assessing the research activity focuses and
Russian technique diagnostic efficiency of higher
education institutions. This is logical and soundly: if
the educational environment of a higher educational
institution is not a center of science, then it cannot
have effectively and competitive graduates, because
Research and pedagogical staff - the governing factor
in the educational process. Based on previously
developed models of research activities in scientific
and pedagogical collectives, as well as on generally
accepted models of educational environments, the
authors have proposed a method for the diagnosis of
the educational environment, based on an assessment
of scientometric indicators - parameters reflecting the
impact of the research activities of scientific and
pedagogical workers. Obtained results may be the
theoretical basis for further scientific understanding of
the problem of increasing the productivity of research
activities in higher education, as well as problems -
increasing the competitiveness of educational
environments. The practical significance of the results
of this study - the possibility of their use in the system
of socio-pedagogical monitoring - monitoring of
productivity the research activities and effectiveness of
educational environments. Methods of investigation:
modeling, methods of the theory of sets and relations,
methods of probability theory and mathematical
statistics, methods of the theory of limits, methods of
linear algebra and analytic geometry, multi-parameter
analysis of the systems and methods of quality control
(latent variables theory). Methodological bases of
research: a systematic, metasystem, qualimetric,
sociological and probabilistic and statistical
approaches
While shopping, everyone is at risk of processing, use,
and, as a consequence, dissemination of their personal
data. We pay with a credit card, sometimes leaving our
contact information, making the discount card and
subscribing to various events, connecting and using a
public Wi-Fi network in places where it is provided.
Even our chaotic movement through the Mall is
monitored, with the aim of creating logistics customer
flow. Here, to help managers and executives of
shopping centers, high technologies come. The
companies already go beyond standard video recording
devices and sensors invoice on the front door, letting
your eyes for our phones. At the moment some
companies are implementing monitoring smartphones
using a Wi-Fi signal. This service will allow you to
track the attendance of site, conversion of the people
who pass by the object and its visitors, distribution of
visitors for the facility, directions to consider regular
and new visitors, the amount of time that visitors
spend in the shopping center, but also to determine the
hours of flows and downs of attendance during the
day, in other words, to build a complete statistical
report
There is always an abrupt variable schedule of cooling
consumption in processing enterprises with seasonal
supply of raw materials. This causes peak heat load on
the refrigeration unit. The introduction of cold
accumulators (CA) in refrigeration units is one of the
modern ways of reducing the cost of refrigeration. The
use of cold accumulators allows you to smooth out
uneven thermal load on refrigeration, reduce the
cooling capacity of the installed equipment and
technical equipment. The night season experiences
minimum heat leakage and power consumption of
frozen ice water (coolant or refrigerant) but the
refrigeration capacity is used during the daytime at
peak heat load of cold consumption at peak electricity
consumption. The major cost of electricity to generate
refrigeration to compensate for heat loss coincides
with the period of high electricity tariffs as shown
from the analysis of cold consumption. The
development of refrigeration systems with cold
accumulation in “night” period of low electricity tariffs
is an important issue based on the forgoing
In the article we consider the questions of modeling of
temperature changes in the composting process, the
changes of oxygen concentration and temperature with
the air from the environment, produced the effect of
composting heat exchange mass with the environment,
the selected state variables and the control bioreactor, the
dependence of the coefficients of the system equations of
motion from the variable state of the object. This article
was prepared in the framework of the scientific project
16-48-230441 a(R) "Mathematical modeling of the
processes occurring in the automated installation for
year-round production of organic fertilizers in the
conditions of the Krasnodar region", financed by RFBR
and the administration of the Krasnodar region
The article presents the results of studies on the
preparation of inflorescences of sunflower for
production of food pectin extract. The authors study
the influence of enzyme preparations on the
organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters
of hydropectin and the optimum parameters of
enzymatic treatment, such as concentration of the
used enzyme preparations, temperature and
duration of treatment
The development of agro-industrial integration is an objective economic process involving, on the one hand, with the social division of labor and specialization, on the other - with the necessity of interaction between specialized sectors and modes of agricultural production. Agrarian enterprises come into this unification movement, seeking to reduce the risk, the occurrence of which is associated with the production depends on climatic conditions, natural agricultural products market, the dictates of the processing enterprises, the need to improve the competitiveness of production. Processing and service companies are also seeking to secure a stable income thanks to the raw material base, better use of raw materials, improving the quality of its products, decreasing the price and conquering markets. In most cases, the object is to integrate agriculture, and direct or indirect initiators often are non-agricultural plants and firms that concentrate the bulk of production and sales of AIC final product. As a result, the concentration of production results in savings on its scale, so-called technical-technological economy. Increased production expands beyond the optimal use of machinery and equipment. The more spread out are agricultural producers, so it is more difficult to realize their interests for scaling up. In the Russian practice we have developed a variety of organizational forms of integration differ in the nature of economic relations between the parties, the degree of independence of members of the business combination, the combination of centralization and decentralization. Conventionally, they are divided into associative - "soft" and corporate - "hard". By "soft" forms of association include associations, unions, non-profit partnership and a strategic alliance. They can function effectively at the interregional level. Hard type of integration ties characteristic of plants, corporations, trusts, holding companies. Agricultural credit consumer cooperatives (ACCC) is a voluntary association of individuals and legal entities residing or conducting their business activities in certain rural areas, on the basis of membership and monetary union shares in order to meet the needs of the members in the credit and other banking services
The article analyzes reasons that prevent the formation of stable and effective AIC associations of commodity businesses and processors of raw materials. Unbalanced process of the relationship between agricultural producers and processing plants have a negative impact on the economic situation of the organizations partners. Dictating low purchasing prices for raw materials by processing enterprises hinders profitability of agricultural producers. Purchase prices set by the processing enterprises of the dairy industry for milk, do not compensate for not only the production costs but also the losses from inflation. The rate of growth in energy prices is significantly higher than for livestock products, bringing its cost grew faster than sales prices. This leads to a dramatic reduction in milk production profitability. A paradoxical situation: on the one hand, dairies are facing an acute shortage of raw materials, on the other - exacerbated the problem of the sale of its milk producers at a reasonable price for them. The disparity between the purchasing prices for milk and retail prices for dairy products caused agricultural companies to seek alternative markets. Sharply increased sales of milk in the bottling of milk tankers, while many farms began to create their own recycling system
It is necessary to know exact value of the full
dispersion of waveguides, which leads to broadening
and reduction of pulse amplitude for modeling laser
radiation passage in quantum cryptography systems.
The operation purpose was obtaining of dependences
on a wavelength of various dispersion types according
to the Sellmeier’ sequationand optical pulse radiation
modelling in quantum communication systems.
Dependences of the material, waveguide and
chromatic dispersions on length of a wave according to
the Sellmeier’s equation which allows to consider an
optical fiber’s material are received. Distribution of a
cryptographic impulse through fiber-optical
communication lines of various extent is simulated
In 2016, the game of rugby for the first time included in the program Olympic Games with a team of seven players. It is well known that achieving significant results in speed-strength sports, which include rugby, is impossible without a high physical, psychological and neuro-psychic loads, which are always subject to the athletes during training and competition. Nutrition should occupy an important place in the training of highly-skilled athletes, rugby players. It is known that the decisive factor in Rugby is an adequate supply of carbohydrates (glycogen, muscle and liver, blood glucose). Prolonged exercise leads to a depletion of glycogen, thus may slow down growth meristematic tissue and worsen the body's recovery after the event. In view of the fact that rugby belongs to the speed-strength sports mind, there are additional requirements for carbohydrates with different chain lengths, easily digestible proteins and basic micronutrients. In the daily diet can not provide the athlete a sufficient amount of protein and carbohydrates, as well as the need to sustain their relationship. To solve this problem, we have to include specialized protein-carbohydrate foods that have high nutritional and biological value in the diet of athletes, rugby players, which are able to quickly restore glycogen stores and protein to prevent loss of muscle when intensive training. Thus, the development and practical implementation of specialized technology of the protein-carbohydrate foods for athletes, rugby players is actual and up-to-date
Fruit shell - a waste of food and technical products. Only in rare cases they are used adequately to their rich chemical composition. Number of pectin substances in the structural components of the cell walls of fruit shells rather high. We investigated the quantity and quality of fruit shells contained soy pectin. The result of these studies was the proposed method for producing pectin extract from this kind of raw material. It describes how to work on the creation of a method for producing pectin extract from the leaf of soybeans. It's possible to extract pectin from the raw material, not previously used and pectin extract standard quality by applying advanced parameters of the process of conducting the hydrolysis-extraction. Valves soybeans washed with cold drinking water, dried and then pulverized. Then the purification is carried out by impurities. After that hydrolysis-extraction is carried out with a solution of succinic acid with heating. Separation of the liquid phase is carried out after completion of the hydrolease-extraction. We have developed and implemented as described above, the method solves the problem of soybean seed production waste
There has been developed the design of the single disc centrifugal apparatus with the feed of the granular material along the blades. The scattering disc consists of blades, on the top shelf there is a flat disc with air intake windows (deflector). The purpose of the deflector is to eliminate the reflection of particles at the moment of contact with the blade and create a passing air flow to increase the range of flight of the particles. The analysis of the constructive scheme of the scattering disk showed that the amount of air coming inside the scattering disk is affected by the width of the window and the tilt angle of the deflector body. There was determined the dependence of the window width from the angle of the deflector body and height. Based on the analysis of the design there have been determined the limits of setting the window width and the tilt angle of the deflector body. The angle of the deflector body changes in the rate of 90 to 320 . Increasing the tilt angle of the deflector body leads to a proportional reduction of the window width. There have been set the intervals of variation of factors. There have been chosen the symmetrical composite plan of the second order and have been made a matrix of the experimental design. As a function of the response factor there have been taken a relative accuracy coefficient. The implementation of the experiment allowed us to determine the value of the regression coefficients. The adequacy of the regression equation to the equation obtained was performed by the Fisher test. It was determined that the equation adequately describes the technological process. For the analysis of this equation it was turned to the canonical form by moving the origin to a new point and turning at a certain angle of 14,950. The analysis of the canonical equations allowed the authors to determine the optimal values of the studied factors. The window width of the deflector is 22 - 25 mm, the angle of the body of the deflector is 8 - 120
The best predecessors for sowing grain are grains and legumes, tilled cultures and perennial grasses. The precursor also determines the choice of the tillage type. The imperfection of the working bodies of the machines for soil treatment is the main reason for the increase in the complexity of preparing soil for sowing. In recent years, domestic manufacturers have been producing combined working machines that perform several technological operations in one pass. To prepare soil for sowing grain there have been selected disk units and working machines which were tested on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station. They fit well with the existing technology. It is rational to conduct tillage of soil for tall crops and perennial grasses by the disc cutter BDM-4×4. The disc cutter efficiently prepares the soil for seed bed cultivation on tilled precursors in one pass or two passes. It is efficient to conduct tillage on grain precursors by the stubble cultivator KSP-6, by the disc combined unit AKD-3 or DCN - 3.3. After grain predecessors the disc guns prepare soil for seed bed cultivation in two passes, and after perennial grass in a single pass. According to the results of the trials on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station the stubble cultivator KSP-6 efficiently prepares soil for sowing in one pass of the unit. The block-module cultivator MSC provides high quality pre-sowing cultivation simultaneously with sowing. There was proposed the method of equipping the unit so that it would provide usage of the data and technical characteristics of the tractor and physico-mechanical properties of the soil for which the technological operation is to be done. The proposed method determines the transmission ratio for which the amount of slipping does not exceed the permissible values in agro requirements. The value of the theoretical speed is calculated for the given transmission. Operating speed is determined taking into account the slip values
Minimum tillage technology (mini till) is based on soil preparation for sowing by disk working organs. The spherical disc serves as a ploughshare and a blade and provides soil crumbling. There are two options for placement discs: a battery one on the X-axis with an individual bar. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of the battery attack. The distance between the tracks of the spherical discs on the common axis is 220 mm. In processing the soil with plant residues there is winding of stems on the axis which causes the disc jamming. The structural layout of the spherical disk on the individual axis with individual counter has none of these shortcomings. Spherical discs on the individual pole are placed on the frame in parallel rows. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of attack of each series. The number of rows on the harrow ranges from two to four. In the three-row harrow the front row is divided into two equal parts, with the working bodies being installed with the opposite direction of the bulge. The recommended working speed of the harrow is up to 12 km / h. The non-standard location of the disk of the mulcher on the spiral rack makes it possible to perform the following functions: crushing and incorporation of crop residues into soil, mulching. The number of rows of the mulcher is two or four, and the speed is of 15 - 18 km / h. The analysis of the data specifications of the harrows and mulchers with a different number of rows and different needs for the engine power of the tractor has been made. There has been determined the empirical dependence of the total number of disks upon the working width of the harrow and the mulcher. Dependence of the minimum power of the tractor upon the working width with different number of rows of the harrow and the mulcher was determined. It was found that at the same working widths, the double row harrow has the smallest value of the minimum power. At the fixed width, the double row mulcher has the highest value of the minimum power
The article investigates the issues of recognition of
public rooms with defects, behavioral analysis of
situations and designing intelligent access system
objects geographically - distributed systems
Life Sciences
The created hybrids with new lines and testers
were studied in 2014-2015, in the conditions of
the central zone of the Krasnodar region and the
Central Black Earth Region (Voronezh and
Belgorod regions). As a parent forms for
selection of early ripening and Medium early
corn hybrids there were used lines of various
groups of ripeness of the ident heterosis group:
Kr 714 Kr 740 Kr 757 Kr 651 Kr and 602. All of
these lines had high combining ability, and the
line 602 Cr was used as a donor for a quick return
of moisture from the grain when ripening. With
the participation of the lines from the collection
of the Institute and the donor line, we have
created four hybrid combinations on the basis of
which, the selection was received by the five-year
selection of new source material for breeding new
hybrids of corn. The assessment of comutiny
capacity of new lines was performed using a linetesters
of the genetic institute collections of
721MV Cr, Cr 801MV, Kr 654 Kr 244MV, Cr
602MV, Kr and Kr 802MV 752. Lines testers
were represented by a heterosis group of
Lancaster, Stiff Stalk Synthetic and wide lines
with a genetic basis. According to the guidelines
of the State strain testing of crops, and as a result
of the field experiment, we have calculated the
energy savings for new early maturing corn
hybrids in comparison with the standard ones.
Saving energy for equivalent fuel from new
hybrids of corn comparing to the standard for 1
ha of crop was due to their grain productivity and
varied depending on the conditions of the
Voronezh region from 81.4 to 101.5 kg, in the
Krasnodar region it was 79,0-97,9 kg
One of the limiting factors to obtain high yields of
grape plantations in Anapa-Taman subzones with good
quality is moisture. Grape plant adapts well to a
limited amount of moisture in the soil. The penetration
of roots deep into the soil horizons may reach 5-6
meters, provided with a moderate density of the soil
and the lack of limiting factors such as the presence of
ground water and limiting the content of toxic soluble
salts. In the course of mathematical data processing we
have established a trend of increasing average annual
rate of precipitation in the period from 1932 to 2015.
In the years when the amount of precipitation for the
year exceeds the average long-term performance, the
key amount of precipitation in the summer months in a
downpour and in a limited area. Average annual
amount of precipitation in the period from 1932 to
2015 was 519 mm, the minimum was recorded in 2002
(324 mm), the maximum - in 1981 (800 mm). Despite
the general trend of increasing average annual rainfall
over the years, moisture deficit is in the soil.
Accounting of moisture saving dynamics in the soil in
the 2015-2016's indicates the absence of moisture
reserves. Optimal soil moisture values were observed
only in May and June, and only half meter layer of
soil. In the phase of growth and ripening berries (July,
August, September) soil moisture content was much
lower than the permissible value, which is comparable
with the level of wilting point. For the stable-quality
grape raw materials it is necessary to pay more
attention to the water and the air regime of the soil
Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and
forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area
of about 60 million hectares. A major region of
barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the
Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the
main factors determining the demand for crop. To
use the varieties effectively we must have a
complex of economically valuable traits such as
hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest
resistance. These traits make it possible to generate
the harvest high and stable from year to year. The
article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley
varieties, created in the south of Russia from
ancient times to the present day. The main
achievements of the leading Russian breeding
facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set
out in chronological order. The article describes the
methods and principles of selection (from
individual selection to mutagenesis and complex
selective breeding) used to breeding the new
varieties of winter barley. The most attention is
given to the outstanding varieties included to the
mating program today
The gaining of maximum amount of daily young
animals in a greater extent depends on disinfection of
incubation eggs which in complex of veterinarysanitary
arrangements held in poultry factories on
prevention and elimination of poultry infectious
diseases takes an important part. The perspective of
ozone application in industrial poultry breeding is
conditioned with its advantages which it
characterizes in comparison with other chemical
substances. It was settled that ozone has a special
ability to detain the growth of fungi on biological
substrates, also the process of mould appearance on
the surface of eggs’ shell even at 90% of relative
moisture. At substantiation of parameters and
regimes of electro-technological process of egg
storehouse ozonation there were implemented the
experimental researches. The general bacterial
semination of eggs’ shell decreased on 94,1% after
disinfection of incubaion eggs with ozone.
The relative faults of experimental values from
theoretical ones are 7%. In the result of production
trials there were set the parameters of quality of the
worked out electrotechnological process of egg
poultry factory storehouse ozonation: time of
regulation ‒ 8 minutes, dynamic fault ‒ 0,9,
coefficient of overcorrection ‒ 4,5%, generalized
integral mean-square index ‒ 10,6%. Obtained data
testify against the qualitative regulation of allocation
of concentration of ozone in a egg storehouse
Sorghum is a source of concentrated, succulent and
coarse forage. Its grain is used for making the mixed
fodder and as the concentrated forage for swine, cows,
sheep, horses and poultry. Sweet sorghum is successfully
used for silage and haylage. Green chop of Sudan grass
is used as fresh food for domestic animals and it’s used
for making hay and silage. The nutritional value of the
fodder is the way to meet the animal needs in nutrients,
necessary for living. To determine the nutritional value
of the fodder, oat fodder units and energy fodder units or
exchange energy are used. At present the assessment of
nutritional value according to fodder units is being
revised, because it doesn’t give the true picture of the
value of fodder nutrition and animal needs in nutrients.
The general energetic nutritional value of fodder is
considered as contents of all organic substances, supplied
with fodder or with its energy. The nutritional value of
fodder is valued according to the characteristics of its
chemical composition, digestion of nutrients and general
(energetic) nutritional value. The purpose of the work is
to assess the nutritional value of fodder, obtained from
the best sorghum varieties, as the food for different kinds
of agricultural animals. Sorghum, used as fodder for
poultry possesses the largest nutritional value. Among
the grain sorghum varieties, the variety ‘Zernogradskoe
88’ has got the biggest value of fodder units. The green
chop of Sudan grass and green fodder for silage of sweet
sorghum possess the greatest nutritional value for swine.
The varieties of Sudan grass ‘Krasava’ and ‘Arkadiya’
and the variety of sweet sorghum ‘Listvenit’ are the best
varieties according to the contents of fodder units
The article analyzes the possibility of complex
processing of one of the most important secondary raw
materials of Krasnodar region – sugar beet pulp with
the aim of obtaining a food product and enriched feed
additives. Meanwhile, the use of environmentally
safety technologies that cause minimal harm to the
environment and human health is provided. One of the
most valuable components of sugar beet pulp after
extraction of sugar is pectin substance. Sugar beet
pectin substances have high complexing ability and are
used not only in food industry, but also in medicine.
They are natural detoxifiers and antioxidants.
Currently, only dry powder pectin is produced from
sugar beet pulp and only by foreign producers. Making
food pectin extracts from sugar beet pulp will not only
reduce the number of processing steps, but also
significantly reduce the cost of the final product. Food
pectin extracts can be used not only as a standalone
product in treatment and prophylactic nutrition, but
also as an ingredient in the manufacture of soft drinks,
confectionery and bakery, meat and dairy products,
etc. The technology of producing a valuable
component of feed bioproduct based on spent sugar
beet pulp and a microscopic fungus of the genus
Trichoderma is described
EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF DIFFERENT WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WEST CAUCASUS
The influence of the crop rotation type, predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of two winter wheat cultivars (Lira and Krasnodar 99) was investigated. The investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two five-crops: grain tillage and grain - grass tillage rotation of prolonged stationary experience. The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content, depending on the power of nutrition backgrounds in the arable (0-30sm) soil layer is 3,95-4,00%, of mineral nitrogen is 5,9-8,3 mg / kg of soil, of exchangeable potassium is 330-360 mg / kg of soil. It was found that the maximum value of the winter wheat crop structure elements is noticed in the fertilizer systems with complete mineral fertilizer, and the minimum value - with PK and NK. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. Grain quality was generally determined by the dose of fertilizer. High and higher doses of fertilizers contributed to the protein content from 11.7 to 12.3% and fibrin content - 23,5-24,0%. A strong correlation between yield and agronomic methods was determined
Results of researches on studying of various doses of
mineral fertilizers on efficiency of hybrids of sunflower
Vulcan, the Arena, the Brio and the Signal are given
in article. Researches showed that depending on formation
of biological mass of sunflower reserves of
productive moisture decreased that was a major factor
in productivity formation
The research purpose was estimate of the red oak
growing suitability in Mari El Republic. To achieve
this goal we investigated experienced 44-year-old red
oak plantation at the Botanical garden-Institute,
determined acorns morphological characteristics of red
and English oaks and seedlings grown from them. The
evaluation of red oak plantings identified excess of
average height and tree diameter in comparison with
English oak, but the sanitary condition of both oaks
forests was weakened due to the influence of the
complex of unfavorable factors. Morphological acorns
evaluation showed that the shape factor of acorns of
English oak is equal to 1.64, while the red oak is 1.1.
Biometrics parameters of red oak bareroote seedlings
in the field were higher than English oak bareroote
seedlings. In greenhouse biometric parameters of red oak container seedlings had not excess. According to
this research, red oak is recommended for use in
landscape construction in Mari El Republic
Early-ripening white cabbage has a special place
among the vegetables cultivated in the Kuban region.
It opens the pipeline of vegetables from the open
ground and is supplied to other regions at a time
when shortage of vegetables of domestic production
is felt the most. Modern producer requirements to
domestic hybrids are the highest - product quality,
uniformity and productivity should not concede to
foreign analogues. Ways to improve the quality of
early ripening hybrids: development of lines based on
modern foreign hybrids, high uniformity of lines by
morphological and economic traits. Development of
male sterile lines and dihaploid lines in culturein
vitro can more successfully solve the problem of
quality of early ripening hybrids. The use of the
above methods and approaches helped develop series
of inbred lines - gene sources for complex agronomic
traits. On the vase of obtained lines promising earlyripening
hybrids were developed. One of the hybrids,
Ritsa F1, entered the State register of breeding
achievements. Advantages of the hybrid: earliness,
uniformity and high marketability of heads, high
productivity. According to results of contest trial new
hybrid Milana F1 is passed for State trial, this hybrid
has high productivity potential for growing in sale
cropping. Both hybrids were produced with the
participation of male sterile line Dt46f, resistant to
fusarium. High quality seeds of these hybrids were
produced in a greenhouse in direct crop for a wide
industrial and environmental testing
The article presents the results of a study to determine
changes in indicators of fertility in typical chernozem
of the Belgorod region and the productivity of corn
using different agricultural technologies, including
with elements of biologization
The article contains the summarized information on
the activity of a farm having a sector of
“Agrotourism”. There was revealed the positive
dynamics of development of agricultural tourism in
the Krasnodar region, the extension of offered
services in this direction; there was set the obstacles
restraining the development of the present sector.
There were named the reserves to increase the
profitability: (domestic milk production and
participation in programs of state support
Introduction of new elements of fruit cultivation
technology into production is one of the elements
of intensification of the branch. The problem of
providing plants with moisture is the key in
modern technology. The purpose of the research
is a development and manufacturing of
innovative methods of water supply of modern
fruit plantations. Researches were conducted in
two fruiting zones of the Krasnodar region
(Northern and Kuban) with the aim of
assessment of influence of different ways of
water supply on the growth and productivity of
apple-tree varieties: Idared and Gala Schniga
grafted on the stock М9 and planted in 2012 due
to the scheme 3,5x0,8 m. There was determined
that the application of the absorbent Aqua Life
and absorbents with the addition of
recommended elements (Ecogel-1; Ecogel-2)
increase the acclimation rate of seedlings on 2-
6%. The presence of proper conducting system to
supply with the moisture and nutrients the
overhead part (roots-leaves) and a large number
of photosynthezing apparatus promoted to obtain
the high-quality fruit productivity, accumulation
of phytomass and increase of fruit quality.
We have found, that complexes of
hydroabsorbents on the basis “Aqua Life”,
“Ecogel-1” and “Ecogel-2” in conditions of
Kuban in fruiting apple-tree plantations on dwarf
stocks showed the high effectiveness on water
supply, for the first time
From 2011 to 2015 in the laboratory conditions there
were studied the physical properties of absorbents in the
controlled environment. There was defined that in the
variant of the "soil+water" the usual colloidal mass is
formed and in variants "soil+absorbents+water" - a
mixture of soil and gel. There was determined that the
least diurnal evaporation was fixed at the use of the
mixture: soil+ preparation “Ecogel-1”. In the control
variant of the experiment the full water evaporation was
marked on 31st day after beginning of the experiment, in
the variant with the use of the absorbent Aqua Life the
whole water evaporated on 48th day, and at the use of
preparations Ecogel-1 and Ecogel-2 the duration of
evaporation of the same amount of water supply at
temperature 22-24оС and air moisture in 55-60%
continued 57-65 days. In the result of five-year
laboratory researches there was determined the
possibility of development of water-saving technology
for fruit plantations. When we used absorbents
(granules, powders) in planting process and watering
resulting the gel-like mass completely collapses the root
system of fruit plants and the operation of the system
"soil-roots-leaves" will not depend on the physical
condition of soil and environment due to water
consumption for transpiration
Protected soil of Russia which has been stagnant
for a long time began to expand actively and to
modernize. The State Program of protected soil
development for 2015-2016 promotes it, according
to which every year it is planned to introduce 200 –
215 ha of modern industrial greenhouses. There
was set the task of production of 1 mln. tons of
greenhouse vegetables by the Ministry of
Agriculture of Russia to 2020. Existing
greenhouses of the IV generation of the type
"Venlo" takes about 2.2 hectares in the country and
are successfully used by producers of vegetables,
obtaining in a year-round period 700 – 720
thousand tons of vitamin production. At present
time the special attention of greenhouse owners is
paid to greenhouses of the V generation of the
system UltraClima, ModulAIR, in which we
modernized the system of microclimate parameter
management allowing to eliminate the critical
periods of management by thermal isolation in the
second part of May to the end of summer. The
offered systems allow essentially economizing
energy expenses, considerably to increase the
profitability of vegetable production at the expense
of management by growth’s processes and plant
development. The innovation solutions in a
greenhouse construction on the example of the first
Russian greenhouse with the system UltraClima
constructed in the Lipetsk region are discussed in
this article. There was shown the characteristic of a
new analogous development of Russian engineers
having a number of advantages in comparison with
UltraClima
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article deals with actual problems of the national
structure of Kalmyk people in 1930-s years based on
legislative documents and also problems of
development and the adoption of the first Constitution
of Kalmyk USDA (1937). The article focuses on the
main features of this research. The adoption of the
basic law of the Kalmyk republic was a big step in the
social and political life in Kalmykia and in its
constitutional history. This document included
fundamental principles of the «constitution of
proletariat government», peculiarities of Russian social
class development, aims and objectives of national
political structure in the Russian Federation. The basic
law of the Kalmyk USDA was created on the basis of
principles of the Constitution of the USSR and the
Constitution of the RSFSR. The law secured social and
government order of the Soviet Kalmykia. The
procedure of governing and composition, the
competence and authorities are disclosed and the work
of the Supreme council of the Kalmyk USDA as the
highest representative and legislative body in the
context of the basic law of the Kalmyk republic. In the
Constitution of the republic rights and freedom of
nationals are fully reflected in accordance with the
constitutional principles of the USSR. Finally the
author concludes that in the administrative command
system the basic features of rights and freedom of the
peoples of the USSR in practice were not respected
The offered article considers one of key problems of
the Soviet history. It is an activity of governing
bodies of the national economy in the period of the
New Economic Policy in separately taken region —
the Republic of Kalmykia. As a result of a research it
is shown how archival materials and separate types of
sources are used in studying of the designated
problems, how the revealed sources interact between
themselves in research works. The publication of new
archival documents and their variety demonstrate that
the new milestone begins in studying problems of
governing bodies. It is connected not so much with
specific updating of documents as with change of a
technique of the analysis. The main attention begins
to be paid to subjective factors and circumstances. In
this regard further development of source base in
studying of system of governing bodies in Kalmykia
will be defined by modern ideas of the place and a
role of the historical document in understanding of
the past
This article reviews the summary of the annual reports
of the Horde branch of the Astrakhan chamber for state
property and Management of the Kalmyk people,
1848-1892. The Author gave a detailed analysis of the
serving duties of the Kalmyks who had the power de
jure, on the basis of extensive factual material. It
contains data on payment of taxes charged by the
administration and established by the following
legislative acts: by regulations on the management of
the Kalmyk people dated 1834 and regulations for the
management of the Kalmyk people dated April 23,
1847. The difference between these legislative acts
was in determining the size of the duties. The
administration was primarily interested in the total
amount of salary collections and arrears for each type
of individual duty and also as a whole across the
steppe. Due to the specificity the analysis doesn’t show
the whole picture of the duties which came under the
control of the administration, not to mention those who
were outside its competence. The reports represent
accounts for the annual collection of arrears for each of
the duties individually and also in the aggregate. The
so-called statistics of the okladnoy and neokladnoy
taxable estate is conditional in nature
Occupation of the Soviet territory by German fascist
invaders during the Great Patriotic War caused
considerable damage. The Soviet Government
developed legal and regulatory framework for the
methods of assessment of damage. The purpose of this
article is to analyze the legal framework, by the
example of a regulatory act according to which
calculation of damage to the collective farms in the
occupied territories during World War II was made.
The NKVD instruction "On the procedure of
collecting, recording and storage of documentary
materials relating to the atrocities, destruction, looting
and violence of the German authorities in the
occupied Soviet areas" was adopted in May 1942.
Based on the instruction, and under orders of the
NKVD in Elista, events to identify and collect
materials that characterize the crimes of Hitler's
government were carried out. According to these
instructions, materials reflecting Nazi atrocities were
subjected to the mandatory deposit of the State
Archives. The paper gives summary quantitative data
on the results of assessment of damage caused during
the occupation period in August 8, 1942 to January
20, 1943
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article deals with the current deoffshorization
problem of Russian business in the conditions of
macroeconomic instability. The main incentives of
business and private persons determining the
national assets exports to the tax-exempt or low-tax
jurisdictions are given. The dynamics of national
capital outflow by the means of corporate and state
sectors of the Russian economy is analyzed. Also
the list of the offshore states which are considered
as the most attractive to the Russian business is
considered. Possible solutions to the national
economy deoffshorization problem and key laws
adopted by the Russian legislation for the solution
to the specified problem are analyzed. In the
conclusion the authors propose a national capital
outflow forecast for the middle-term period
The article discusses the prospect of the use of
parallel budgeting with open multi-agent decision
support systems. It defines the place of decision
support systems among enterprise information
systems. The existing decision support systems are
briefly reviewed. It describes the shortcomings of
classical budgeting schemes in companies. It is
proposed to take into account the probability of the
budget. This should allow timely response in terms
of operational data in budgeting group of
companies
Today we have built a successfully operated current
management system for modern agriculture in the
Russian Federation, which includes governance at all
levels of government - federal, regional and local.
Now there is an objective need for the transformation
of rural territories and, in this regard, it is necessary to
consider the effect of the potential of public-private
partnership for the development of the managerial
system. The priority is new approaches to the
mechanism of management for villages, the need for
public-private partnership as well as its impact on
sustainable development of rural territories.
The article describes the basics of management
systems for rural territories based on a public-private
partnership. We have analyzed the next concepts:
managerial system, public-private partnership,
program-targeted management, sustainable
development оf rural territories. We have also studied
a program-targeted management, which is a common
and famous in the world, it has a major impact on the
agricultural sector and rural territories development.
The analysis results can be used in the processes of
development and implementation of modern policies
for the effective functioning of agriculture in the
country and development of rural territories
We have developed dashboards of monitoring of the
main socio-economic indexes of city districts and
municipal districts of the Stavropol region in 2011-
2015 by means of platforms of business analytics of
Tableau Public and Power BI for joint free use. The
article presents a cluster analysis of administrative
areas of the Stavropol region with the most important
socio-economic indexes in 2015 for the purpose of
identification of problem areas and acceptance of
management decisions for their development
The article examines and summarizes the approaches to the study of innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses. It gives substantiation of the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses, along with big business. Three groups of studies aimed at understanding the conditions and substance of innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses are identified. The first group consists of empirical studies of small innovative business practices and its support in certain regions. The second group of studies analyzes the infrastructure of innovative activities of small and medium-sized businesses as a prerequisite for its development. The third group of studies examines the institutional constraints of innovative activities of small and medium-sized businesses. The analysis of the development of domestic and foreign authors is carried out. It was revealed that the institutional approach gives the modern tools for the analysis of the conditions of innovation activities of small and medium-sized businesses, namely the institutional constraints, entrepreneurship support institutions. The role of taxation as one of the key factors shaping the institutional environment of entrepreneurial activity is noted. Thus, article systematizes approaches to the analysis of innovative activities of small and medium-sized businesses, highlights the role of institutional conditions and restrictions. The results are useful for the formation of the strategy of development of small and medium entrepreneurship in order to enhance its innovative activities
The article deals with the demand of infrastructure
of the innovative ecosystem for management
service; the urgent problem of ensuring
effectiveness, efficiency and quality of
infrastructure management of an innovative
ecosystem of university of the agrarian and
industrial region on the basis of forming of the
problem - oriented management system, the core of
which are controlling and knowledge management,
is formed; the feature of content of research
approach which consists in consideration of new
factors of development of management and
methods of management in relation to an
unstructured object – the innovative ecosystem of
university (IESU) possessing many stages of
freedom and informal communication channels and
movements of an intellectual human capital is
described. It is noted that all the elements of
management (goals, measurement of result of
management, system, process and mechanisms of
management) are subjects to change in synthesis of
systemic, evolutionary, reproductive, resourcebased
approaches and the concept of dynamic
abilities to the solution of the problem under study.
Two key components of a problem are allocated:
infrastructure of IESU and management by
infrastructure with the use of modern technologies for the purpose of ensuring of effectiveness of
innovative activities. It is noted that the researcher
does not need to the management, but good service
from the infrastructure. Such service of
infrastructure in the majority of IES is absent.
Modern practices, theories, technologies, methods
and instruments of management of the developing
infrastructure of IES remain out of sight of
scientific and expert community.
Controlling of environmental systems, risks and
costs of the innovative process is the essence of the
information – analytical, methodical and
instrumental support of the process of management
by infrastructure of IES. Controlling as a part of the
problem - oriented concept treats the management
as the service aimed at creation of conditions for
the functioning and development of infrastructure
of IES and it is considered as a part of management
system and it is intended with the information and
analytical, methodical and instrumental side to
facilitate of implementation of management by IES
of the university oriented to result of innovative
activities
The article deals with the evolution of content of
innovative systems from the traditional to the
innovative ecosystems (IES). It is noted that this
transformation of terminology is not mechanistic,
and describes changes of essence. Problems of IES
and problems of management of medium systems
are formulated. System - integration - reproduction
approach in regional innovative policy and the
principles of its implementation are offered.
Classification of infrastructure facilities of regional
IES is presented. Necessary conditions of forming
of innovation ecosystems are allocated: awareness
by society the need of innovative development, the
choice of strategic priorities, high level of science
funding, the high (global) level of education, the
relevant legislation in the field of financing, the
taxation, create of the innovative organizations, and
also decrease in bureaucratic procedures in the
sphere of innovative business, commercialization
and a transfer of technologies. The stages of
forming are allocated in the organization of IES:
inventory, purpose saving and concentration of
tangible, intangible, investment and human capitals
(resources) which are adequate to the features of the chosen megatrend of development of the macro
region; transformations of region economy, forming
of regional sector of knowledge economy and
innovative regional ecosystem; scientific and
innovation - technological breakthrough; the
maturity of regional scientific centers and
innovation ecosystem; development of the technoeconomic
paradigms
In modern conditions of quantitative and qualitative
degradation of science in general and economics in
particular, especially in our country, the scientific
direction of "Controlling" stands out not only for its
activity, but also the rapid intensive and extensive
growth. This work is the summary of the main
publications of scientific results on controlling
obtained at the Laboratory of economicmathematical
methods in controlling of Scientific
and Educational Center "Controlling and
management innovations" of Bauman Moscow State
Technical University. We discuss the concept of
"method", "tool", "mechanism", "algorithm" in
relation to the Controlling. Adequate use of these
terms is necessary for the formulation of sound
scientific results, and to provide their perception of
the scientific community. Innovations in the field of
management in industry and other sectors of the
economy based, in particular, on the use of new
adequate organizational and economic methods.
Controlling in this area - it is the development of
relevant management procedures used and the newly
established (implanted) organizational and economic
methods to the task. Development, systematization
and application of modern mathematical tools of
controlling are the main theme of our work. We
have considered the problems of controlling new
areas - controlling risks, quality controlling,
controlling organizational and economic support for
control tasks in the aerospace industry, controlling
research activities. We have also obtained new
scientific results in controlling personnel and
ecological safety controlling
In this work we consider criteria determining the
amount of a payment, and also the Rule of content of a
common property in the apartment house; the article
contains recommendations promoting to increase
quality of management of a housing stock; the possible
actions promoting system change of the principles of
improvement and forming of the public environment
are provided
The topic of harmonization of tax systems of member countries of Economic and Monetary Union is currently very relevant. In the article we examine in detail the point of view of scientists of various economic schools on the feasibility of a coordinated fiscal policy in the framework of integration associations. Assess the role and the possibility of using tax instruments in the formation and functioning of the economic union. The reasons of increased competition within the EU are reviled. We analyze the EU experience in the field of regulation of taxation assess-member countries, as well as the formation of the general budget. The causes of the EU budget redistribution in favor of the troubled countries and new EU members are investigated. The causes of the EU budget redistribution in favor of the troubled countries and new EU members. The effect of the fiscal component of the state of the economies of Member States' economic unions. Particular attention is paid to the need of harmonization the legislation of member countries of integration associations in the field of indirect taxation. Authors conclude that the restrictions on currency and monetary control capabilities of Member States economic unions actually preserve certain independence in the conduct of fiscal policy. At the same time the negative effects of exchange rates regimes fixing or replacing the National currencies single collective may be partially offset by the competent fiscal policy
The article deals with problems in the field of
automation of legislative activity of ZSK and contains
offers on their decision. Public authorities and local
governments are faced by tasks of creation of
conditions for improvement of quality of the state and
municipal services, cost reductions on content of the
state machine and increase of efficiency of its
activities with use of modern information
technologies. Implementation of the automated
execution of processes, electronic templates of
documents, electronic drafts of the agenda — all this
can give the chance to move to qualitatively new level
of overall performance
In our country there is a system of compulsory employees’ insurance functions. First attempts to establish the responsibility of employers were taken over a hundred years ago, since then there have been significant changes. The current system of contributions to pension, social and health insurance funds has existed for about thirty years, but it constantly changes. Since 1990, the insurance functions have been shifted from the state budget to established extra-budgetary funds formed at the expense of deductions of employers. Since this system has not brought the expected results, it is repeatedly reformed. To legalize the payment of salaries and additional contributions the Unified social tax was developed in 2001, which lasted until 2010. Its purpose was to accumulate cash to realize citizens' rights for state pension, social insurance, and medical care. Its establishment did not lead to the increase of pensions and social benefits either. Nowadays, after the abolition of the Unified social tax every employer and sole proprietor in Russia has to pay insurance contributions to the Pension Fund, the Social Insurance Fund and the Health Insurance Fund. Throughout the studied period the contribution rates changed, introduced and abolished preferential tariffs. New turn of events in this sphere, specifically the introduction of Chapter 34 of the tax code, was the cause of attempt to systematize all the changes concerning payments to extra-budgetary funds for the past 26 years
Nowadays forming an image of a conscientious
taxpayer is a strategic trend of development of plenty
of agricultural organizations as it provides the market
value and stability of business. However, methods of
fiscal regulation require accurate and actual
information concerning management of tax risks and
ensuring transparency of implementation of the
taxation. While paying a unified agricultural tax
(UAT), organizations face certain inconveniences and
complications of calculation of taxable base. In this
article, we consider benefits and shortcomings of a
unified agricultural tax, and propose an option of
decreasing in tax risks by integration of a new
developed tax register
The submitted article is devoted to adaptation of the
enterprise to crisis environmental conditions. Crisis
management includes a complex of the methods applied
in different functional subsystems of management.
Social technologies, methods of the economic analysis,
forecasting, development of difficult investment projects
and anti-recessionary programs, plans of restructuring
and reorganization — are applied in a complex to the
timely prevention and overcoming of crises. Crisis
management includes set of knowledge and results of
the analysis of practical experience which are directed to
optimization of mechanisms of regulation of systems,
identifications of the hidden resources, and development
potential at a difficult stage of development. Specifics of
crisis management are connected with need of adoption
of difficult administrative decisions in the conditions of
limited financial means, big degree of uncertainty and
risk. The problem of establishing effective crisis
management at the enterprises is difficult in the practical
relation and demands the most serious study in the
methodical plan. During system transformation in
Russia this problem became almost vital, defining a real
survival of a manufacturing sector our economy. In this
regard, studying of features of crisis management in
Russia in modern conditions is not only is actual, but
also essential for survival and functioning of enterprises
and organizations
The article deals with the problem of increasing the
efficiency of managing agricultural business in
modern conditions of implementation of the federal
target program for the conservation and restoration of
soil. The article presents an analysis of trends in the
growth rates of the main indicators of agribusiness
management and evaluation of land use
ecologization. Assessment of the dynamics of
production and economic performance of
agribusiness management and ecologization and their
relationships
The article deals with tendencies of development of
the Russian market of telecommunication services.
Measure calculation of the monopoly power of the
organization and concentration in the industry market
is carried out. The factors of influence on creation of
system of controlling in Rostelecom allowing to
provide conditions for long-term prospects of the
organization and expectations of all concerned parties
are determined. Implementation of system of
controlling in the organization is offered
The article deals with the research of methodological
principles of tax audit development. In particular there
is analyzed one of the most important methodological
issues - the selection and classification of the basic
principles of tax audit. The basic methodological
approaches to the classification of principles of various
economic phenomena including audit allocated to
various domestic researchers are analyzed. The
possibility of development of tax audit methodology
on the basis of the audit and management methodology
is explained. By the analysis results the classification
criteria of the principles of tax audit are highlighted.
Relying on the provisions of international audit
standards, Code of ethics for professional accountants,
Independence rules of auditors and audit organizations,
scientific economic literature addressed the issues of
selection and justification of principles of auditing and
principles of tax audit, taking into account the selected
criteria the author offers a classification of principles
of tax audit. A brief description of each selected group
is given. The proposed approach to classification of
principles of tax audit deepens the methodological
framework of the study area and thus its use
contributes to the quality of inspections undertaken. In
the research process the author used the General
scientific methods and various special teaching
methods aimed at the discovery and scientific
justification of key issues raised in this article:
methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and
deduction, comparison and generalization, grouping
and systematization, classification
In the era of economy globalization it is needed to find
the new integration ways. Tax partnership reflects
these new realities of integration processes in the
territory of former Soviet Union, and it can become
one of these new concepts. Tax partnership is offered
to consider at the example of Russia and Kazakhstan,
as the most initiative members of integration
processes. In the article sufficient and necessary
information base is offered at the initial stage of tax
partnership. Information base requirements for the tax
partnership level assessment are extended. The article
provides the tax partnership level assessment
scorecard, which includes two blocks – quality
characteristics, and quantitative indicators. Method of
tax partnership level assessment scorecard is
developed, which allows estimating the reliable level
of tax partnerization. Quality characteristics include
similarity level of the taxation systems, certain taxes
similarity level and tax partnership productivity.
Quantitative indicators include the distance between
coordinates and variation indicators regarding tax
revenues and tax authorities’ examination. There is a
great potential for further development and expansion
of the scorecard. By the results of this scorecard it is
possible to offer a measure package directed to
increase tax revenue in the EEU countries and to
improve their tax authorities’ examination
The state of milk production of companies in Russia and the Krasnodar region is analyzed. Reserves of increase of economic efficiency of the investigated industry on the basis of intensification of production and technological processes are revealed. Determinants of the promising directions of improving the milk production and processing with the use of resource-saving technologies in milk processing enterprises and agricultural farms in the region are assessed. Results of evaluation of the effectiveness and risk of investment are provided to the organization of vertically integrated complex, which is oriented to industrial on-farm processing of milk and production of compound feed for dairy cattle, allows to increase profitability due to use of the balanced food supply and also development of new technologies. The model of definition of economic effect and the required investments for technological equipment of milk processing units, which function as a part of the structure of the industry, depending on production volumes of dairy products is offered. Feasibility of the organization of farm industrial milk processing on the example of agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar region in the conditions of a competition in the regional agricultural food market and significant disparity of the prices is proved. Improving the interrelationship between the chain of "production – processing – realization" allows producers to react to external competition quickly and to create and implement strategic decisions for the best use of available resources
Subsidizing part of the costs associated with the
implementation of individual activities of small and
medium-sized enterprises, it is part of the public
financial support to small and medium-sized
Russian market structures at the federal and regional
levels. Forms and conditions of subsidizing small
and medium-sized businesses are largely dependent
on the mechanism of formation and distribution of
subsidiary assets, operating in a particular region.
The article examines the key aspects of the
mechanism of subsidizing small and medium-sized
businesses in the economic system of the Krasnodar
Territory. It presents the entities involved in
accepting applications and granting subsidies,
describes the main types and characteristics of the
conditions for granting subsidies in that region. The
study found that most of the subsidies for small and
medium-sized businesses provide newly registered
firms in the initial stages of their work. The authors
conclude that in today's difficult economic
conditions, direct subsidies to small and mediumsized
businesses should act as the primary measure
of government financial support for entrepreneurs.
The article proposed measures aimed at improving
the existing mechanism of subsidizing small and
medium-sized businesses in the region, which
include the extension of the list of subsidies,
including on different branches, the simplification
of documentary about registration of applications
for subsidies, the establishment of information and
advisory centers for the provision of assistance to
entrepreneurs in the design documentation
This article discusses the development of agrotourism
and its benefits for the modern urbanized
man. In the study, it appears that this type of activity
has a wide range of targets in different countries.
However, in Russia - it is not only a way of
familiarizing travelers to rural life, but also an
opportunity to create new jobs and new employment
areas of the rural population, which is especially
important in the current economic climate. The
authors believe actual activation of this sphere of
activity in the Yeisk district of the Krasnodar
region, which is characterized by a diversified
orientation of peasant and private farms, and which
has a high agricultural potential. On the basis of the
available resources of LTD "JASENSKIE ZORI" it
is proposed to organize two options eco tours,
designed for different times of the year (for the
season June - September and October - May). Tours
various programs planned, enabling and enjoy
outdoor activities, and participate in the harvest, and
get acquainted with the peculiarities of the region,
its flavor and attractions. The features of this type of
holiday are its democratic value, because it does not
require large capital costs for the farmer, and the life
of a rest close to the realities of rural life
Need of carrying out tax audit for economic entities is proved in article. Difficulties which auditing organizations in case of implementation of tax audit face, regarding classification of this service as a part of general audit or the accompanying service are provided. It will allow performing differentiation of services in tax expenses according to the purpose and level of confidence which needs to be provided to the auditor when rendering auditor and not auditor services. Thus, forms of confidence will have an appearance: positive reasonable confidence, negative confidence, without ensuring confidence. Toughening of the responsibility provided by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation for violations in the organization of business and tax accounting, once again confirm need of the organization of tax audit within an internal control system. In the course of the research it is determined that transaction of the taxation of a financial result and value added of property are subject to high financial risks, and therefore are under close attention not only state control bodies, but also department of internal control of the economic actor. Based on the specific examples provided according to the organization of the sanatorium-resort sphere the order of correction of the revealed violations was offered and the possible financial sanctions established by the tax legislation are calculated
The analysis and assessment of risk at the macrolevel
in this context is understood as assessment of extent
of influence of the external environment (macro
environment) on activity of the integrated production
system. In the article the model and the technique of
calculation of an integrated indicator of risk of an
adverse effect of the external environment of the
agro-industrial integrated production system is
offered. All stages of creation of the model which
include representation of basic risk factors of
macrolevel in the form of linguistic variables are
described, each of basic risk factors is a compound
linguistic variable. For obtaining total value of a
basic factor the matrix scheme of aggregation of
compound factors to basic level is used. The
equation of model of an integrated indicator of risk
of an adverse effect of the external environment on
the integrated production system is presented. The
principle of recognition and interpretation of result
on the basis of standard fuzzy 01-classificators is
shown. Also in this article the interrelation of an
integrated indicator with the choice of the strategy of
development for business system by definition of a
condition of the external environment is shown, and
depending on it the strategic scenario of development
of business system is offered
In this article the model and a calculation procedure of
an integrated indicator of risk of the internal
environment of the integrated production system are
described. Then the steps of creation of triangular
fuzzy number for expected value of profit are given.
At creation of this fuzzy number the concept of an
indicator of risk of the internal environment of the
integrated production system was used. Further on the
basis of the developed model of internal risk the
interval model of efficiency of the integrated
production system is developed and described. In this
article the structure of a production chain of the
integrated production system of agroindustrial
complex was considered. In technologically complete
production chain, as a rule, allocate three stages – raw
materials production, storage and conversion, sale of
finished goods. Each subsequent stage depends from
previous stage, and at each stage various situations of
risk are shown. Also the process of risk identification
of the internal environment of the integrated
production system was considered in this article.
Process decomposition is executed, the description of subprocesses is given. For a risk assessment of the
internal environment it is necessary to know quantity
of production chains, and also to calculate value of risk
for each production chain on the enclosed algorithm.
Also in the article the principle of recognition and
interpretation of results of calculation of an integrated
indicator of risk of the internal environment of the
agro-industrial integrated production system on the
basis of Harrington's scale and standard indistinct 01
classificators is shown
In the article we consider modern investment realities of the Russian scientific sphere of researches and developments. The introduction in business knowledge-intensive productions, by means of attraction of investment resources, characterizes position of the states within world community. Cumulative investment in fundamental and applied science in the Russian Federation in comparison with other regions of the world is estimated. Growth of global investment in research and development was promoted by geopolitical tendencies, climatic changes, and also the ecological crisis connected with an anthropogenous factor. The numerical characteristic of professional staff of the Russian sphere of research and development is given. The amount and dynamics of financing of the Russian science by budget funds of the Russian Federation is analyzed. The investment activity of the Russian business in the sphere of financing of scientific projects is estimated. The analysis of the most perspective spheres of scientific research for venture investment is provided. In the article slow rates of development of the Russian science are revealed, it is because of public financing is concentrated generally on the strategic directions of research and development for ensuring national security. At the same time private business is skeptical about financing of research and development due to the lack of obviously profitable result. In the conclusion the main obstacles in the way of development of the sphere of research and development in Russia are called, and also the ways of possible solution of mentioned problems are given
In the article the investments are the fundamental part of development of the economy of different countries as developed, and developing. The investment activity defines a basis of safe development of world economy, and also promotes determination of prospects for carrying out modernization and diversification of economy of various countries of the world. The value of foreign investments comes down to the international division of the capital, and also to searches of more favorable ways of receiving profit on economic activity abroad, than in the country of the investor. The role of foreign investments comes down to development of national economy, generally, and, in particular, recipients of these investments (the enterprises, productions, etc.). It is very favorable to a country to receive from abroad foreign investments as they develop their productions, new innovative productions appear, and also taxes come to the national budget. In this article an assessment of the world market of investments in 2015 is given. The system analysis of prospects and tendencies of development of the world market of investments in the conditions of cyclic fluctuations of world economy is carried out. The dynamics of annual streams of foreign investments into economy of Russia is considered. The consequences of sanctions of the USA and Europe entered in 2014 are reflected and their influence on investment climate of Russia is designated. The tendencies of reduction of foreign investments in the Russian economy are designated. The main problems in the production and social sphere are also revealed. Necessary terms on improvement of investment appeal of the Russian Federation are offered
In the article the investment policy pursued in China, defining high rates of economic growth and social changes in the country is considered. It is proved that the investment policy of China was directed to inflow of volumes of foreign investments which create benefit for export growth, modernization of technologies and skills, without negative consequences. As on the volume of foreign investments China takes the leading positions, the main reasons for appeal of this country for foreign investors are considered. Dynamics of volume changes of foreign investments of China is traced, changes of volumes of the Russian investments into the Chinese economy are compared. Positive and negative sides of investment policy of China are shown. In the article three key sectors of economy in China in which foreign investments are encouraged are described. The first sector of economy will promote increase in export subsequently. The second sector is earlier limited or closed sectors of economy, investments into which began to be encouraged since 2005 in connection with the entry of China into the WTO. And as the last key sector of the economy in China expensive energy, infrastructure and ecological projects are selected. Primary branches of the Russian-Chinese bilateral investment cooperation are considered. The examples for improvement of the investment policy of Russia followed from experience of investment policy of China are given
One effective way of monitoring the most important
economic indicators is the determination of limit
values of parametric estimation of economic
security at the meso level, taking into account
modern specifics of the development of the Russian
economy, the excess of which can negatively affect
not only a particular sphere of social life or industry,
but also on the economy as a whole. The article is
devoted to solution of actual problems of formation
of parametric estimation, allowing assessing the
economic security of the region taking into account
modern trends of development of the Russian
economy, which makes it possible to determine the
position and functions of each region in the system
of coordinates of economic space of the Russian
Federation. The article presents the review of
foreign and domestic experience in the development
and use of the indicative system of economic
security of the region. It is revealed that the problem
of formation parameters and assessment criteria for
the functioning and development of the region is
systemic, because it involves the presence of factors of macro - and micro-level that have a permanent
impact on the variability of these indicators over
time. The work proves the practical use of the
potential of indicative planning as an effective
instrument of economic regulation of
competitiveness at the macro and micro level as an
information base for a quantitative justification of
the strategic development plans of the region's
economy
METHODS OF MULTICRITERIAL COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY FOR GROWING CROPS
Production and processing of grains have formed a number of cereals-governmental sectors in the national economic system of the country, such as grain production, grain elevator industry, flour, cereals and mixed fodder production, which constitute the grain complex country. The significance and the role of the grain as a commodity in the state economy can not be overestimated. This product, which is totally liquid, has a constant, steady demand at any time of the year, in any region. Ongoing measures to increase grain production and improve its implementation did not have a complex character, therefore, insignificant effect on the efficiency of the industry and the competitiveness of grain production. The shortage was covered by imports.According to the characteristics of management in agriculture, it should be emphasized that the absence of objective and timely information at all stages of production of the plant-breeding, and as a result, non-optimal choice of technology of cultivation of agricultural crops, might result in the fact that the cost of labor and material resources increases significantly, the company does not receive profits, and sometimes suffers losses. When selecting cultivation technology for agricultural crops, an agronomist has a database of more than a hundred times-personal of alternative technologies for each crop. It is up to the decision-maker (DMP) to find specific criteria to select the most suitable (for the owners and the climatic zone) technology of cultivating for the culture. These circumstances explain the relevance of in-depth research of economic and mathematical models and methods of analysis and evaluation of the economic efficiency of technologies of cultivation agricultural crops. The article discusses the methodology of multicriteria comprehensive evaluation of technology cultivation crops
The article considers methodological approaches to
assessing the effectiveness of the municipal
administration of the Krasnodar Region. The
effectiveness of the administration can be considered
as quantitative and qualitative indicators – is an
integral index. The advantage of this approach is,
firstly, the number of indicators using for evaluation
may be varied depending on the needs assessment,
secondly, the indicators may be of different
dimensions, that in normal circumstances is often
difficult to assess, thirdly, evaluation is carried out on
the basis of publicly available information posted on
the Internet, including on the portal of the Federal
State Statistics Service. Methodological approaches
to assessing the effectiveness of the administration of
the municipality consists of the following steps:
definition of the objectives and evaluation criteria;
time period; substantiation of system parameters and
indicators; bringing them into a comparable form -
standardization of indicators; calculation of integral
indicators of the parameters by the additive
convolution, or the method of distances;
Differentiation of municipalities and their ranking.
As a result of this methodical approach to the
evaluation of the municipal administrations will get
the value and parameters, whose analysis will reveal
"narrow" places in their efforts to develop ways to
address them, and to monitor the socio-economic
state of the municipality
Crop production is one of the main branches of agriculture. Its development considerably affects the nutritional needs, as well as the impact on the livestock.
In the work of the crop industry was analyzed for example JSC "Rodina". The authors of the article reviewed the resources possessed by the Organization: average annual number of employees, total land area, the average annual cost of fixed and circulating assets, costs of production, power, presence technology, livestock. There are the results of the company for 3 years. The article analyses the sales prices of main plant products, revealed the most profitable crops: cereals and legumes, sugar beet, sunflower. Priority crops for cultivation, in the organization are winter cereals. Spring cereals are not cultivated during the year, because these sorts of crop industry's most capricious climate, that does not meet the production cycle, investigated the organization.
The study has identified factors that have influence on the gross harvest of products. Such factors are: productivity, acreage and harvested area, as well as losses during harvesting. In an opinion article disclosed reserves increase the collection of crop production, and recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the production industry
Organization of urban movement should be viewed
as a continuous process of forecasting - planning -
design - building. Equipment of traffic management
system on the road network has to be done with
modern methods of regulation. The definition of
"acceptable system of urban traffic" depends on how
busy the traffic lane is. In the organization of traffic
public passenger transport should be considered as a
priority, as an alternative to cars, even with a
discrimination against the latter. Direction
optimization of traffic in the city is conducted in
order to objectively-conditioned transportation needs
of citizens, ensuring their comfort and the time spent
on transportation. The main questions of the article
are caused by the difficult traffic situation in the
Krasnodar city. The algorithms alleged to solve the
traffic problems based on a mathematical Dijkstra’s
algorithm, allows to calculate the shortest way
between the graphs. Steps of solution of the tasks
based on modern technological needs of the
population - using internet services. Therefore to
implement a software product as claimed in the
article, we use the development environment, based
on the latest innovations in the field of web-based
technologies
This article reviews the activities of OOO "Gazprom Transgaz Krasnodar". The authors have examined brief economic characteristics, performed the cash flow analysis, considered the organization of accounting of money resources of the economic entity. Money resources play an important role in supplying the financial and economic activity. This is due to the fact that these assets perform such functions as a measure of value, a way of sharing, capital accumulation. Their ability to quickly and easily transform into any kind of wealth has created a need to organize continuous and timely accounting of funds and their movement. Continuous process of cash flow represents the cash flow, which is usually compared with the system of "financial blood circulation", providing viability of the organization. From the completeness and timeliness of supplying the process of supply, production and distribution with money resources, there is a dependence of the results of main activities of the enterprise, the measure of financial stability and solvency, the advantages required for current and future development. Thus, the modern accountant, financial manager needs to know the modern methods of analysis of cash flows used by native and foreign practice. The solvency and liquidity of the company depend From the volume and velocity of money circulation and its efficient management. Therefore, analysis of cash flow provides the basis for evaluating and forecasting the company's solvency, allows to evaluate the financial condition more objectively
We have analyzed the system of state regulation of regional food security and substantiated the main directions of its software under the sanctions regime, presented the scheme of the constituent elements of regional food security, including the purpose and the main task. We have revealed the features of the modern food problems of Russia and its regions, systematized the negative effects of international sanctions, assessed the obstacles to implementation of the accelerated import substitution policy. An analysis of exports and imports of basic foodstuffs in the Krasnodar region for 2011-2015 has been shown. We have also presented the dynamics of the average per capita consumption of food among the population of Russia and the Krasnodar region. The work substantiates the necessity to diversify trade relations and the search for potential investors for the implementation of pilot innovative projects in the real sector of the economy of the region. It substantiates the actual directions of optimization tools of state regulation of the food security of the Krasnodar region in the conditions of modern economic realities. It is proved that the effective implementation of the regional agricultural policy requires a development strategy for the agricultural sector, which expresses the priority of the state in relation to agriculture and includes the presence of a real agrarian protectionism
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article discusses the problem of constructing a
General scientific theory. This examines the theoretical
foundations of science and scientific criteria; the study
considers the current situation in science in the context
of the problem of constructing a General scientific
theory
A clarification and interpretation of the philosophical
meaning of the "learned ignorance" doctrine, viewed
from an aspect of a history of philosophy, involves a
necessity to educe a genetic and essential relationship
between the "learned ignorance" principle and the
apophatic tradition of thought. The article describes
the genesis of the "docta ignorantia" principle: it
appeared in a context of theology as a method for
attaining of the knowledge of God. It is this concept
that often forces researchers to restrict the epistemic
potential of the "learned ignorance" principle, leaving
it in limits of negative theology and mystics. However
after investigating the difference between the
philosophical and the religious understanding of
theology the authors of the article interpret the
paradigm of the "learned ignorance" to be a
fundamental philosophic principle of thought and
cognition. Nowadays it is widely accepted, that the
paradigm of the "learned ignorance" in it's classical
form originates from the apophatic tradition. The
article points out, that the representative examples of
apophaticism, which could be found in the christian
theology, on the one hand, were based on a solid
philosophic tradition (predominantly platonic and
neoplatonic), and on the other hand, did not complete a
spread in a world philosophic thought of a definite
(apophatic) tradition, which had an intimate
connection with the paradigm of the "learned
ignorance", postulating as it's main intention a
seemingly paradoxical comprehension of the Absolute,
supposed to be absolutely incomprehensible.
The results of the scientific research in a field, thus
defined, are presented briefly in this article
Social Sciences and Humanities
Political newspaper communication has been
researched and it is pointed out that the
communication between communicators is carried out
at the inner mental dialogical level. Questions of text
comprehension are analyzed. It is emphasized that
behind the political newspaper text there is a language
system and without knowledge of this system
communication based on text activity is impossible
This article conveys J. Donn’s poetry from the point of
view of archetype “Height”, namely the Sun. The Sun
as an object of the material world, always attracts
people’s attention. At all times it has energy and
power, tenderness and endearment. The Sun has been
in the focus of interest both for primitive men and our
contemporaries. The Sun is depicted in literature,
works of art, folklore, architecture. In the poems by J.
Donn the Sun is personificated, the author gives Him
human beings’ features, the hero is equal to Him, he
asks the Sun questions and even tries to reign over
Him. The Sun rays can be compared with passion, high
feelings, gladness; love is associated with sunrise,
zenith and sunset. Partly this article compares barocco
and modern literature. The archetype “Height” is
connected with the Sun image in the Medieval
literature. So, it may be concluded that the Sun, its
image and archetype is the key point of J. Donn’s
creative work
PR-journalism today has become an integral part of
modern life. We are faced with it not only in the
media. It enters into all spheres of human activity, and
has a serious impact on the public consciousness.
Indeed, today this genre in print media is multifaceted,
ubiquitous and diverse. In Russia he became not only a
part of the economy, but also a part of the mass
culture. Interest is due to the fact that the text is one of
the most complex in semiotic terms of information and
impact models. Thus, we can say that the absolute
involvement of each of us in its sphere of influence
can determine the place that genre occupies today,
including the field of humanitarian studies
The article deals with the problem of author
identification in the early autobiographical prose of
Boris Pasternak. In his early autobiography "Safe
Conduct" the poet searches for artistic and personal
self-identification. Unlike the traditional genre of
autobiography, "Safe Conduct" is based not on
memory of real facts but on sensual feelings from
them. It means that autobiographical prose created by
the poet reduces the real biographical facts, filling
gaps with emotions and feelings. This feature coupled
with fragmentariness of narrative fragmentation tends
“challenge to biographism”. Indulging in memories,
searching for artistic self-identification the poet
defines his own identity. Search for himself Pasternak
associates with biography of "other" people, who have
played a great role in formation of his personality.
“Safe Conduct” is tractate on someone else's creative
genius. Meanwhile the author puts himself aside and
takes a reset position towards “other” talents. These
relationships have a repeated temper. Firstly, the
author admires someone’s talent, coming closer to it,
and then breaks up with it, and finds his own way. The
final goal of self-identification is poetry; the author
closes to it through philosophy and music, overcomes
their attractiveness and leaves them. The fundamental
feature of Pasternak’s poetry and biography is the
necessity to identify and understand himself through
"alien", "other" things
The article analyzes "Notebooks" by one of the most
prominent playwrights of the 20th century Aleksandr
Vampilov. "Notebooks" are considered as an example
of ironic discourse in this genre. The study of irony
nature in Vampilov’s “Notebooks” reveals the patterns
of ironic discourse, which manifest themselves in the
ironic light of serious domestic, moral, and professional
problems. We perceive it today as intellectual and
moral impetus, a special mood allowing us to survive,
as self-protection of the individual from the pressure of
reality. The irony in Vampilov’s "Notebooks" is
achieved by the desire of getting away from the
stereotypes of consciousness, obsolete dogmas. The
irony "disallows" the eternal oppositions "new—old",
"temporary—eternal", "subjective—objective", "art—
life". The ironic game with terms, cliché expressions,
denoting compromised political and ideological
phenomena, with the concept of a name; the ironic
interpretation of moon image as a leitmotif in
Vampilov’s work reflect dominant ironic pathos of
notebooks. The analysis of “Notebooks” by A.
Vampilov allows us to understand the irony not only as
a consequence of painful antinomicity, personal
spiritual contradictions inherent to the artist of that
time, but as a way of world vision: the ability to
overcome the deadlock of crisis period, and aspiration
of the creative personality to the desired integrity
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article deals with the complex and important
problem related to the investigation of extortion. From
a legal point of view, extortion is the demand of a
transfer of someone’s property, rights to the property
or some other actions connected with the property,
which is accompanied by various threats of violence,
destruction of property or spreading of information
defaming the victim or his relatives. Extortion refers to
latent crimes. Investigation of extortion is complicated
because of the high level of professionalism and
thorough preparation of the accused. The number of
criminal groups using extortion as the main source of
their income is increasing. To select the best way of
obtaining information concerning past events, an
investigator develops crime investigation procedure.
The article analyzes the concepts of "investigation
procedure" and "programming", the stages of the
criminalistic routine development are pointed out.
Dealing with extortion classification of preliminary
investigation procedures is an important condition for
their development, which allows to distinguish
homogeneous groups and to develop criminalistic
routine. Based on the typical investigative situations at
the initial stage of investigation of extortion we have
proposed some investigation procedures. The set of all
procedural actions and recommendations that need to
be implemented in the course of the investigation,
forms investigation program
Relevance of the chosen topic is caused by
existence of disputable issues in the practice of
application of norms regulating institute of
necessary defense in the Russian criminal
legislation. In the present article the analysis of the
current state of this institute of criminal law and a
brief overview of the judicial practice of its
application is made. Process of formation and
development of institute of necessary defense in
ancient foreign and Russian sources of law and
sacred books is considered. The questions of limits
of legitimacy of necessary defense and
consequences of their excess are raised. The
authors of the article have paid special attention to
the analysis of conditions of legitimacy of
necessary defense. Such conditions are traditionally
divided into three groups: the conditions relating to
protection; the conditions relating to encroachment;
the conditions relating to the harm. The different
points of view concerning improvement of system
of conditions of legitimacy of necessary defense are
considered. The authors give examples from
modern court practice which allowed revealing
obvious gaps of the criminal law in this sphere.
They also formulated the proposals for improving
the legislation. The authors consider important
extension of the list of factors, which, together with
the unexpectedness of encroachment, can be the
basis for recognition of actions of the defending
person legitimate
The article describes the content of an investigative
inspection, a search, a seizure in the investigation of
crimes against the family and minors. There were
described the objects and the targets of these
investigative actions in various types of crime, as well
as trafficking in children
The article deals with the causes of the motivation
growth among the population to commit fraud in
lending. The article covers the problem of
differentiation of a special type of fraud in the area
of lending to the general composition of fraud
under Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian
Federation. Particular attention is paid to the
analysis of the sanctions of Art. 159.1 of the
Criminal Code. The author considers the problem
of differentiation of criminal punishment for fraud
in lending, which is stipulated by a special
regulation in relation to Art. 159 of the Criminal
Code. There is a proposed calculation of the fine,
which should be based on the amount of the
damage, and must be proportionate to it. The
problem of distinguishing Art. 159.1 of the
Criminal Code from the related elements of a crime
under Art. 176 of the Criminal Code has been
considered
The present article considers the problems of criminal proceedings in respect of foreign citizens and individuals without citizenship in the aspect of the Federal Act 375-FZ, dated 06 July 2016, which made additions to the part 3 of article 12 of the criminal code and article 3 of the code of criminal procedure. The author substantiates the need to include in Section XVI of the code of criminal procedure of a separate Chapter: "peculiarities of proceedings on separate categories of criminal cases", which is devoted the peculiarities of proceedings of criminal cases in respect of foreign citizens and individuals without citizenship who is not living constantly in the Russian Federation, who also is calling to account for criminal prosecution for crimes committed outside the Russian Federation against interests of the Russian Federation or the citizen of the Russian Federation or constantly living in the Russian Federation individuals without citizenship, as well as the definition in the criminal code the list of crimes directed against the interests of the Russian Federation
Social Sciences and Humanities
The subject of the article is a scientific and
educational potential of a modern University. From
the standpoint of the essential ontological approach,
the author identifies the conditions for capacity
building, discusses the complex of measures on
increase of its capacity, and describes the conditions
of its further diversification. The inductive-deductive
method allows one to grasp the essence of innovative
proposals for capacity development, which is the
reengineering that is treated as an important factor of
socio-economic development of modern society.
Reengineering helps to actualize the partnerships, to
reevaluate the social mission of the University,
namely to improve the provision of scientific work
force, strengthening competitiveness on the world
market of knowledge. As an innovative technology
reengineering contributing to the successful
development of scientific-educational potential as a
radical change of the information model, as a radical
redesign of the critical processes in the system of
classical education
The article analyses the difficulties brought about by
the introduction into the curricula of many Russian
universities a new educational practice – Academic
Writing in English. The difficulties are grouped into
the following categories: the ones which are rooted in
the old Soviet-Russian lingua - didactic tradition of
teaching foreign languages; the ones which are
connected with a low level of prestige of research
work among students and some of their teachers; the
ones which are specific to a particular educational
establishment, and as the survey reveals, they are
mostly caused by the complicated nature of the
subject Academic Writing. The algorithm of action
suggested for the syllabus design includes the
analysis of objective and subjective difficulties;
analysis of the needs of the target audience; and the
introduction into the teaching process specifically
designed for the course materials. Survey results
prove that following the algorithm has significantly
raised the students’ level of satisfaction with the
difficult course. The measures, aiming to improve the
course, have facilitated the attainment of the course
goal, saving time and effort for students and their
teachers
In modern conditions there is a particularly acute
problem of activization of the human factor, the
maximum use of human abilities to achieve higher
results of professional activity. The solution to this
problem is vested in the vocational education system,
whose main objective is to provide training and
education a qualified professional of the appropriate
level and profile, competitive on the labor market,
ready for professional growth, social and professional
mobility. It is directly connected with the problem of
further improving the management of the process of
formation of personality of a future marine technician,
a factor which is a professional orientation. According
to the authors, the current practice of training
specialists of Maritime transport requires the presence
of the model of software and diagnostic support of the
process of formation of professional orientation. The
article proposes this model, which is built from the
position of system-activity, competence, software
design and diagnostic approaches, and includes:
conceptual-target block (the wording of the goal,
objectives, fundamental contradictions of concepts and
ideas); content and process unit (design target of the
program "Orientation and professionalism"; the
definition of pedagogical conditions); procedure block
(teaching in the target program; methods of learning;
stages of learning (input, intermediate, final);
monitoring of the level of formation of professional
orientation); productive unit (criteria, indicators, levels)
The success of communication in the learning
environment is provided by the organization of
educational process in such a way, when it is most
comfortable for students to demonstrate their
knowledge and for teachers to control this knowledge.
Semiotic approach allows taking into account the
diversity of individual intelligence profiles within a
particular educational system. Such an approach
includes the selection of the content, the organization
of students’ activities and the system of assessment.
The development of cognitive competencies allows
teachers to eliminate the difficulties which can be
caused by the large amount of information, its
comprehension and the ability of students to express
their opinion by means of complex linguistic
structures. The semiotic approach involves the use of
variant and invariant tasks that can ensure the success
of the situation for students with different levels of
training. The assessment technology is based on the
principle of semiotic result. It is realized through the
use of score-rating system, which is applied within the
current, intermediate and final control. This system
enables the students to receive a total positive rating
for a certain period of training. As a result, such a
student avoids taking the exam. It creates a positive
motivation for students to learn foreign languages
without a stressful component of assessment, which
results in a high efficiency of the educational process
One of the main trends of the modern education
modernization is its aim to develop the students'
individuality. The development of the students'
individuality assumes implementation of an
individualization principle in teaching. In this work, on
the basis of the analysis of main historical and modern
definitions of a concept «individualization in teaching»
we have identified the following functions: adaptation,
developing, realization. Based on these functions the
maintenance of the concept of individualization in
teaching is specified in modern conditions. The
development of the individualization in teaching issues
is particularly relevant at a higher degree of basic
education, because the individualization of learning at
the senior high school is consistent with the age
peculiarities of senior high school students. Because of
the identified functions, purposes of individualization
in teaching at a higher degree of basic education are
specified
The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation
process of moral and combat cadets’ qualities and
specific features of training for active service in
peacetime or in times of conflict. Cadets’ moral
qualities are presented as special moral orientation of
personality inherent in soldiers’ moral character traits,
as well as their worldview, ideals and other socially
beneficial interests, their sense of duty, patriotism,
internationalism, hatred for external and internal
enemies, self-sacrifice, personal responsibility for their
Homeland. An attempt has been made to investigate
the moral and psychological development of cadets, to
study the process of cadets’ upbringing by their direct
and superior commanders
Health Sciences
Isolation of fetal cells from the blood of a pregnant
woman is more relevant for receiving the information
of the genome of a fetus and implementation in clinical
practice, non-invasive screening methods for prenatal
diagnosis. The work proposes efficient ways of sorting
trophoblasts circulating in maternal blood for the
diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy in early gestation by
analyzing microsatellite marker of the chromosomes
that most prone to numerical aberrations (13, 18, 21, X
and Y). A set of microsatellite markers allowed to
reveal aneuploidy in three pregnant women, and also
to exclude mosaicism and contamination of samples
with maternal cells. A retrospective analysis of data on
invasive cytogenetic studies (chorionic villus
sampling) confirmed the results of the study
Health Sciences
The authors were conducting researches on 36 unhealthy cats in a veterinary clinic in Orenburg, from 2014 till 2016, and they were diagnosed the urolithiasis. By the results of the researches, the influence of a season of year, age and breed on distribution and development of an urolithiasis disease in cats has been studied. At the same time, it is established that the urolithiasis disease usually occurs at cats from 2 up to 6 years, which makes 45,0% of all the studied animals. A disease outbreak at cats was observed during summer and autumn periods, generally, not purebred animals - 75% are subject to the disease, the rest 25% is such breeds as the British, Persian, Bengalese, Scottish; in addition, the influence of an unbalanced diet, non-compliance with the norms and the mode of feeding is noted
In the article data on spread of chronic endometritises
at cows are provided. The microflora range, being in
genitals of patients with a chronic endometritis of
cows is determined. We have developed a new drug
called Florinazol and we also determined his
antimicrobic and fungicide activity. Researches on
determination of acute and chronic toxicity, and also
irritant action on a mucous membrane of a uterus and a
vagina are conducted. Researches on studying of
influence of Florinazol on blood biochemistry at
rabbits are conducted. The optimum therapeutic dose
and frequency rate of its introduction is determined.
By results of researches it is established that 24,8% of
the cows containing on a farm with loose housing
content and 10,6% of cows on a farm with fastened
content have a chronic endometritis. At the same time
in uterus content in 84,3% of cases isolated
associations of bacteria and mushrooms in 65,2%, in
34,8% - monocultures of microorganisms. Offered by
us means the danger class belongs to substances lowdangerous
by the 4th. Doesn't possess irritant action,
doesn't exert a negative impact on blood biochemistry,
and also has outstanding therapeutic performance of
90% in case of its application in a dose of 100 ml
intra-vaginal at an interval of 48 hours
According to the veterinary reporting on 01.01.2016,
presence of a bird in the agricultural organizations and
poultry farms makes 13 million 440 thousand heads, in
the private sector (hens, geese, ducks, etc.) - 6 million
287 thousand heads. In 2015 in the Krasnodar region 3
million 337 thousand 127 heads were subjected to
bacterination against smallpox and a diphtheria. Data
on registration of outbreak of smallpox of birds in a
private farmstead of the Krasnodar region are
presented in article. The case rate and a mortality at
hens of breeds of Kulanga and Bramah and pigeons of
the Andijan breed are studied. The dermal, diphtheroid
and admixed forms of clinical implication of smallpox
at hens of different breeds and pigeons in this
farmstead are studied. Pathoanathomical features of
implication of smallpox of birds are studied. The
biological test on chickens of 3-4-month age and a
microscopy of the painted smears prints on Pashena is
carried out. In smears Pashen's little bodies are found.
The events for elimination of a disease in this LTD
including rejection of a sick bird, the compelled
bacterination at an acquisitive bird, mechanical
cleaning and disinfection in a hen house and a dovecot,
isolation and a symptomatic treatment of breeding
birds are developed and held
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article tells about St. Petersburg distinctive
watercolor painter, Oleg I. Pomerantsev (1949-2012).
Master's career is inseparably linked with Russian
realism. The artist acts as a successor of fundamental
high artistic traditions of realistic art. Working in a
landscape genre, Pomerantsev managed to create more
than 500 paintings deep in a content and meaning. In his
spare time Master developed his own techniques of
watercolor art. The entire artist’s works were performed
under his impression. He received inspiration on
fishing trips, in woods and then at home master
reproduced what he saw from memory. Most of his
works are in private collections and galleries all around
the world. Romantic landscapes of Oleg I. Pomerantsev
affect by their transparency, complex color techniques
and inexpressible atmosphere, full of air and light.
Complex colour manners and inexpressible atmosphere
full of air and light. Graphic works by the artist,
executed in pencil on paper are very interesting too.
Sometimes master was fond of drawing in details, so
such works were not suitable for watercolors. In his
watercolor works Pomerantsev did only hardly visible
pencil drawing. The artist did not specialized in graphics
so he ruled out his pencil sketches as unsuitable, but the
wife of the artist has kept them. Watercolorist Oleg I.
Pomerantsev is unknown to Russian art-critics. In
view of that, the article was tasked to give for the first
time an art rating to the artist’s creation, to make an art
analysis of his works from the cycle "The Karelian
isthmus" dedicated to the settlement of Kirillovskoe in
Vyborg district. The study of creativity of Oleg
Pomerantsev by professional critics will allow to
expand qualitatively the history of watercolor painting
of Russia
A Karelian stage in the life of the great Russian artist,
Nicholas Roerich, is relatively well-known. However,
researchers have not been practically studied the
period of residence of the Roerich family in Vyborg. It
is known that N. Roerich was friends with the Finnish
artist A. Gallen-Kallela, who helped him to remain in
Finnish Vyborg in the period of revolutionary events
in Russia. From October 1918 to May 1919 the
Roerich family lived in Viborg in Ladaunkatu (now
Turgenev St.), №8. The painting «Autumn» (1919)
was written by the artist during the Vyborg’s period.
The painting was created in a fantastic manner which
was usual for the artist. Unfortunately, at the moment
nothing is known about his other works with views of
Vyborg. However, in the catalog of his works,
published in the USA in the 1920-es , under the name
of each picture is given information about where and
when it was created. Thus, under some of the works of
the artist is the mark: «Painted in Viborg». So, today
we can say about some works of master, which he
wrote in Vyborg. In the first place, there are famous
paintings of the artist: «Repentance», «Call of the bell.
Old Pskov», «Sons of the Heavens», «The heat of the
Earth», «Autumn – Vyborg», «Les Miserables
(Outcast)», «Treasure» and others. As well, in 1918 at
the time of staying the family in Vyborg a number of
sketches in "Vyborg Notebook" were made by his
son, Svetoslav Roerich, who was then 16 years old.
Probably, inexhaustible diligence of Roerich gave a
rise to other works with the theme of Vyborg, which
scientists do not know because this topic has not been
investigated
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article describes a scientific hypothesis about
architectural and spatial identity of a medieval fortress
at the mouth of the river Godlih and of the Humara
settlement on the Kuban river. It is revealed that the
planning structure and spatial organization of these
medieval monuments are similar and consist of three
parts each: the citadel, the fortress and the open
settlement. The citadel was a monumental multi-tiered
tower surrounded by a courtyard and a defensive wall.
The fortress perimeter was surrounded by a defensive
wall fortified with square towers. The open settlement
had no artificial fortifications, and was located in a
remote place in the vicinity of the citadel and the
fortress. The architecture and construction of the walls
and towers of both castles are made in the tradition of
the Byzantine building culture. Stone setting of the
walls and towers of the fortresses represent a veneer
made with armored rows of stones with the backing
made with crushed stone in lime-stone mortar between
them. Because the fortress at the mouth of the river
Godlih was badly damaged during the construction of
the Tuapse-Adler railway, we can, basing on the
analogy revealed, carry out a hypothetical
reconstruction, that will serve as a theoretical
justification for its restoration and museums
The specificity of the Byzantining direction in
architecture of Romania at the end of XIX- the first
half of XX is determined by the presence of two lines:
indirect using of Byzantine elements in secular
architecture and the "pure" Byzantine style in the
architecture of temples. The article is devoted to
identifying the particularities of stylistic evolution of
Byzantining direction of Romanian architecture in the
way of the church construction. Romanian researchers
follow to the division of national style into three
stages (1886-1906; 1906-1918; 1918- the beginning
of 1940)based on socio-political events of 1906-1918
years. Recognizing the certainty of this view the
author offers to define it in relation tot he Byzantining
direction of the church construction and highlight in
its stylistic evolution the following stages: the last
third of XIX century is the late historicism; the end of
XIX- the end of 1910 s –modern; 1920 s-the first half
of 1930s-the interaction of the trends of late
historicism, art Deco and partly of functionalism,mid-
1930s - early 1940s-functionalism;the influence of
expressionism. In the article the peculiarities of the
development of the Byzantine heritage in the temple
architecture of Romania have been seen, the medieval
prototypes of voluminous and spatial compositions
and décor have revealed. The Byzantine style in the
architecture of Romania, formed in the tideway of
European trends on the base of the Byzantine
components of medieval Romanian architecture,
became one of the way of solving the problem of
national self-identification and leading due to its
supranational empire character in expressing the idea
of state unity by means of architecture
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article gives a psychological analysis of credit
activity as a process of social exchange between the
lender and the borrower. As a result of credit provision
as exchange the borrower receives access to resource
objects and resource relations. One of credit
situations is a situation of borrower's personal default.
It is introduced analysis of "personal default" concept
in this article and is proposed
its operational psychological definition. It is also
substantiated its connection with other concepts
(difficult life situation, economic stress, crisis of
employment, etc). It has been studied motivational
component of attitude toward credits by means of
questionnaire related to credits attitude. During the
study differences in motivation and purposes of
crediting of potential and actual young and middle age
borrowers have been found out. It has been revealed
that typical motives of taking on credit are credit rigor
and altruism for young people. The motive of altruistic
behavior refuse is expressed by middle age persons.
We have studied out connections between motives of
crediting. We have found out negative connections
between the motive of altruism and investment,
intended use of borrowed funds, as well as between the fear of crediting and hedonism, dreaminess and
conformability in crediting. Significant differences in
credit purposes of young and middle-age respondents
have been detected. Persons from 18 to 25 years took
credit oftener for the purchase of luxury items (phone,
furniture, PCs, TVs, home appliances). For borrowers
from 35 to 45 years is typical to take on credits for
purchase of real estate, investment in business,
immediate needs – payment of medical services, repair
of apartments, repayment of credit
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article deals with influence of the institution of
family on the transgressing experience in its various
forms. The problem is quite relevant in view of the fact
that the society gets out of structural limitations.
Increasingly, social actors step over the border, which
for many ordinary people are considered immutable,
violate generally accepted course of events, the
established norms of behavior and morality. In this
regard, the authors discuss the phenomenon of
transgression as an integral part of modern society,
which is understood as a strategy to overcome social
taboos, violation of cultural traditions, moral and
religious regulators. In addition, the transgression may
be regarded as a manifestation of freedom. Freedom
from rules, regulations, prohibitions, including
religious ones. And then it is quite possible the
emergence of such a phenomenon as a religious
transgression. The authors give a definition of
religious transgression, which is the process overstep
religious prohibitions designed to separate the man
from his immersion in faith, radical overcoming taboos
of religion, the transition from one religion to another.
The article presents the results conducted in 2016 a
search of sociological research on the basis of
Astrakhan State University. Based on these studies, the
authors conclude that it is the family becomes the
unifying factor that helps in keeping the values in the
course of religious transgression
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article examines the political changes that have
taken place in Ukraine in 1990-2000. There were
analyzed the threats to the Russian Federation due to
the growth of anti-Russian sentiments in Ukraine, as
well as the coup d'etat of 2014 in Kiev, as a result of
what the nationalists came to power and the UkrainianDonbass
war began. There were suggested the possible
options to reduce the Russophobia and to preserve the
historical memory and humanitarian cooperation
between the two countries