№ 128(4), April, 2017
Date issued: 28.04.2017
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Statistical methods are widely used in domestic
feasibility studies. However, for most managers,
economists and engineers, they are exotic. This is
due to the fact that modern statistical methods are
not taught in the universities. We discuss the
situation, focusing on the statistical methods for
economic and feasibility studies, ie, econometrics.
In the world of science, econometrics has a rightful
place. There are scientific journals in econometrics,
Nobel Prizes in Economics are given to series of
researches in econometrics. The situation in the field
of scientific and practical work and especially the
teaching of econometrics in Russia is disadvantaged.
Often, individual particular constructions replace
econometrics in general, such as those related to
regression analysis. The article is devoted to
econometrics as an academic discipline. Our course
begins with a discussion of the structure of modern
econometrics, the connections between applied
statistics and econometric methods. We consider
sample researches (analysis of surveys results), the
elements of econometrics numbers, and methods of
testing of statistical hypothesis about homogeneity.
We have given the concepts of regression analysis,
econometric classification methods, modern
measurement theory. The important places are
occupied by the statistics of non-numerical data
(including fuzzy sets and their links with random
sets) and the statistics of interval data. The problem
of the stability of statistical procedures with respect
to the tolerances of input data and model
prerequisites is discussed. The representations of the
econometric methods of expert research and quality
control, analysis and forecasting of time series,
econometrics of forecasting and risks are given
In this work, we develop a model describing the
propagation and branching of a streamer in a conducting
medium in external electric field. To describe the
contribution of the conductivity currents, we modified
the standard electrostatic equation taking into account
the vortex component of the electric field. As a result of
this generalization, the streamer model is formulated in
the form of nonlinear equations of parabolic type. In the
framework of the proposed model, the problem of the
propagation of a streamer in the form of a traveling wave
is considered, which leads to the emergence of SaffmanTaylor
streamers. For streamers of this type, the
branching problem is formulated, which has a unique
solution. The dependence of the branch point on the
parameters of the problem-the speed of the streamer, the
diffusion coefficient of the electrons and the strength of
the external electric field, is found. The branching
mechanism of the streamer head by dividing it into two
parts has been well studied and several alternative
models have been formulated for its description. The
novelty of the problem in question is that the streamer
splits into two three-dimensional channels that are
symmetric with respect to the given plane. Numerical
experiments also revealed the mechanism of branching
of the streamer in the cathode region, connected with the
separation of the main channel into several lateral
branches. It is noted, that in nature both branching
mechanisms are realized, whereas in theory the
instability of the surface of the streamer head is
investigated
Life Sciences
The article presents data on the growth of an
assimilation apparatus of Scots pine, silver birch and
pedunculate oak in the conditions of the Lipetsk
industrial center. It is established that the growth
dynamics of annual and biennial needles of Scots pine
under pollution is higher compared to the control,
while absolute values of length and mass of needles
less. Starting from the second year, in the conditions of
contamination noted stunted pine needle growth,
which increases by the third year. It is shown that the
linear dimensions of the lamina of birch in the
conditions of pollution are not changing much
compared to the control, whereas the linear dimensions
of the lamina of pedunculate oak in the conditions of
pollution is less than the control
The article presents the data about flora and vegetation of
the territory of the Yakut Botanical garden, where an
ecological trail will be; there is a characteristic of plant
communities and their classification. Preliminary, the
flora of the ecological path includes 310 species of
higher vascular plants belonging to 54 families and 172
genera
The article provides information about phytochemical
investigation, medical and nutritional importance of
fruits of Capparisherbacea L. including
CapparaceaeJuss. family in the area of the Nakhchıvan
Autonomous Republic. Some solvents had been applied,
fruit and leave extracts had been bought. The
purification and identification of content of plant
extracts had been investigated with spectroscopic and
chromotographic methods. The saponins, carotinoids,
chlorophyll pigments and flavonoids had been revealed
in the content of extracts. The extracts have been
acquired from fruits of this species by use of polar and
nonpolar solvents and the composition of extracts have
been studied with different applied methods. The
column and thin layer chromatography carried out in
order to purification of contents and extracts were
fractionation and Rf values were calculated
The review examines research unusual properties of
RNA. RNA has the ability to act as both genes and
enzymes (ribozymes). This property could offer a
way around the «chicken-and-egg» problem: genes
require enzymes; enzymes require genes.
Furthermore, RNA can be transcribed into DNA, in
reverse of the normal process of transcription. These
facts are reasons to consider that the RNA world
could be the original pathway to cells. The general
notion of an «RNA World» is that, in the early
development of life on the Earth, genetic continuity
was assured by the replication of RNA and
genetically encoded proteins were not involved as
catalysts. There is now strong evidence indicating
that an RNA World did indeed exist before DNAand
protein-based life. RNA has multiple functions.
Among these, "messenger RNA" carries genetic
information from DNA to protein formation. RNA is
often a single-stranded spiral, but also exists in
double-stranded form. In 1998, Craig Mello and
Andrew Fire discovered through their studies of the
roundworm C. elegans a phenomenon dubbed "RNA
interference". In this phenomenon, double-stranded
RNA blocks messenger RNA so that certain genetic
information is not converted during protein
formation. This "silences" these genes, i.e. renders
them inactive. The phenomenon plays an important
regulatory role within a genome. Recent years have
been perhaps the most fruitful period yet in terms of
research in the area of mRNA stability (Phenomena:
Gene Silencing; RNA interference; Identity of
mRNA decay in vivo and in vitro). The elaboration
of new methods in biothechnology have been
presented
Researches were carried out on three-eyed cuttings of
stock of phylloxera-resistant grape varieties
Berlandieri×RipariaCober 5BB (Cober 5BB),
Riparia× Rupestris101-14 (101-14), Berlandieri ×
RipariaСО-4 (СО-4), Gravesak and RSB. Cuttings of
presented varieties were wetted during 24 hours in
water and after preliminary drying of the surface were
covered in the upper part with antitranspirant, under
the temperature about 90°С. Then 40 cuttings of every
variety were placed with lower ends for 24 hours in
0,01% heteroauxin solution or for 8 hours in 1%
Radix Plus solution. Cuttings of the control variant
were placed in water. After treatment cuttings, were
couching in a film greenhouse on a heated rack in
humid steamed sawdust. In the result of the present
researches there was determined that the wetting of
basal ends of cuttings of stock phylloxera-resistant
varieties in 1% Radix Plus water solution plus during
8 hours leads to the essential activity of regeneration
processes in them. The expansion of the length of
shoots on rooted cuttings of the experimental variant
amounted for 19,2–154,5 %, the rooting of cuttings -
23,3–76,7 %, the output of cuttings having at least
three roots – 33,0–78,1 %, the number of calcaneal
roots– 80,8–257,1 %. The maximum increase of the
length of shoots under the influence of Radix Plus was
observed at varieties of Gravesak and СО-4, the
rooting – Cober 5BB and CO-4, the amount of
cuttings at least three roots and average amount of
roots on them –101-14 and Cober 5BB. The Radix
Plus caused the great stimulating influence the rootforming
ability of cuttings of stock varieties than
heteroauxin, the standard stimulator of root-forming
The article is devoted to visual analysis and its application in the selection process. New possibilities of application of visual display of information in the research process are considered. We have presented the examples of the use of visual phenotyping in breeding, evaluated the advantages and disadvantages in this area. In particular, the algorithm of the program of LHDetect for estimating leaf pubescence of wheat wafers is described, based on the analysis of digital images of the sheet bend. We have also considered Phenotiki platform that uses digital images of the profile of plants for visual phenotyping to assess plant growth. Based on the analysis of various studies it was noted that the application of visual analysis for some purposes is very effective, but for others, on the contrary, not effective. We highlight the actual problems of proper representation and converting information. The article shows the various causes of loss and distortion of data, as well as possible solutions to these problems. The work describes the application of ASK-analysis in the selection process. As an example, it describes the evaluation of the polymorphism of variety groups of grapes. We have presented interesting solutions and ways to minimize distortion and loss of information in the process of its transformation found by the authors of these works. The article reveals the concept of "computational biology" and describes fundamental differences from other areas as well as tasks, problems, possible research areas and promising directions of development of computer biology
The work was done in the research laboratory of the
department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and
Biophysics of Kuban State Agrarian University, the
aim of which was to select the most appropriate
nutrient medium for maximum growth of lactic acid
microorganism growth. The object of the study was its
own microflora of gastrointestinal tract of quails ‒
Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus intermedius and
Lactobacillus salivarius. As a nutrient substrate there
were used 4 of the nutrient media: the medium for
lactic acid bacteria (city Uglich), the melasse-autolysis
medium, the glucose-peptone medium and the MRS.
During the cultivation of the microflora of the variable
parameters were the time and temperature of
cultivation. During the cultivation of microflora the
time and the temperature of growing were the variable
parameters. In the process of growing there was
carried out the analysis of dynamics of consumption of
reducing substances and titers of microorganisms. According to the results of growing of microbial
cultures there was revealed the active consumption of
carbon substrate in used variants of nutrient media,
and it was found that there was observed the maximum
of cells to 24 h of cultivation. On the basis of carried
out results of cultivation on different media and at
different parameters there was determined that the
most titer of cells was reached to 24 h at the
temperature 38,0 °С on the melasse-autolysis medium.
So, the melasse-autolysis medium can be
recommended in production conditions as the cheaper
substrate at the further development of biological
preparations for poultry breeding
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) for images provides automatic identification of specific characteristics of the given images from the color of the pixels and image edges, the synthesis of generalized images of pictures (classes), identifying the most and the least specific image features for the class, determining values of features of images for their differentiation, deletion low-value characteristics (abstraction) from the model, problem solving for quantitative comparison of specific images with generalized images of classes and generalized images of the classes with each other, and objectives of the study of the simulated subject area by studying its model. The work discusses the new features of the ASC-analysis and its implementing intellectual system called "Eidos" for identifying features of images using their spectral analysis, formation of the generalized spectra of classes, the task of comparison of images of specific objects to classes and classes with each other in their spectra. For the first time, it became possible to form the generalized spectra of classes with weights of the colors according to their degree of specificity and unspecific features for classes, and it is not the intensity of the color in the spectrum, but the amount of information in the color on the linking the object with that color to the class. In fact, there is a question of generalization of spectral analysis by using intelligent cognitive technologies and information theory in the spectral analysis. First, everyone is talking about the fact that spectral lines contain information about which element or substance is included in the object, but no one bothered to count what exactly the amount of information is and then use it to determine the composition of the object pattern recognition methods based on the use of this information. Second, spectral analysis is traditionally used to determine the elemental and molecular composition of the object; we propose to use it not only for that, but also to identify any images. A numerical example has been given
A selection of food additives for the enrichment of
waffle products was made. Food additive "Powder
from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke" is distinguished by
a high content of inulin - 46.21%. Low-fat sunflower
lecithin contains a significant amount of phospholipids
(98.29%). The influence of the joint application of
food additives "Powder from the tubers of Jerusalem
artichoke" and nonfat sunflower lecithin on the
technological properties of the wafer test was studied.
It is established that the introduction of the food
additive "Powder from the tubers of Jerusalem
artichoke" together with defatted sunflower lecithin,
instead of the traditional soybean, allows to reduce the
viscosity of the wafer test. When introduced into wafer
dough, the dosage of defatted sunflower lecithin can be
reduced, compared to soybean, from 0.4 to 0.2% by
weight of flour
The article describes a method for determining the
heat capacity from data of differential scanning
calorimetry and thermal conductivity of materials,
using the DSM-2M and IT-λ-400 instruments with
original computer programs
Utilization of decommissioned equipment has received
little attention. Recycling systems for technical
equipment in Russia do not exist. The article proposes
a variant of the mechanism of solving the problem of
waste disposal
Potato has been and remains one of the five world's
most important crops. For nearly two hundred years
potato in Russia is the "second bread". This is one of
the so-called social products. Over the past 20 - 25
years of potato farming in our country, there have been
significant changes, both positive and negative. Today,
potatoes are grown in different soil and climatic
conditions in more than one hundred countries around
the world, including the desert oasis and beyond the
polar circle. Potato cultivation Center recently has
moved to Asia. In our time, the leaders of potato
production are China, Russia, India, the US and
Ukraine. Over the past few decades the number of
produced potatoes has increased by 41% and the area under potato planting only 9.5%. From the above data
it is clear that the world potato economy in recent
years has got significant changes, indicating that the
timeliness and relevance of the material in this article
is true
The article presents data describing composition of
macronutrients and food additives "Apple Powder"
and food additive "Pumpkin Powder" obtained from
secondary resources processing of apples and
pumpkins with innovative technology that ensures
their high antioxidant activity. Introduction of the
studied food additives in wheat flour provides a boost
of its antioxidant activity compared to the control
(wheat flour without any additives). We have revealed
that the introduction of the studied food additives in
wheat flour provides a strengthening effect to the
gluten flour, while dietary Supplement Powder called
"Apple" has a strengthening effect on the gluten of
wheat flour compared with a dietary Supplement
called "Pumpkin Powder". We proved a positive
impact of food additives on the gas-forming ability of
wheat flour and water absorption capacity of dough; at
he same time, with the same dosage of additives, water
absorption capacity of dough with the introduction of
additives of "Pumpkin Powder" is higher than this
figure with the introduction of the additives of "Apple
Powder", due to the higher content of pectin in the
additive "Pumpkin Powder " compared with the
additive "Apple Powder", having a high water-holding
capacity. We have found that the dough with the
introduction of the investigated supplements has the
best rheological properties in comparison with control samples. The obtained results allow us to develop
evidence-based formulation and technological modes
of production of bakery products enriched with
antioxidant properties, with the use of food additives
called " Apple Powder" and "Pumpkin Powder"
SCADA is modern information technologies. The
monitoring and control of various technological
processes in industry and in agriculture are possible
thanks to these technologies. The training complex is
created to study features of SCADA systems. The
domestic SCADA Trace Mode The domestic SCADA
Trace Mode is used in this complex. Students study the
abilities of this system on the example of the heating
process. Trace Mode controls humidity and regulates
temperature in a closed space. Its advantage consists
in creation of automatical workstation. There are a
device for accurate temperature measurement; Video,
which repeats the work of the heater on the screen of
the workstation. There is also a trend with graphs of
humidity, of temperature; there is an alarm report with
information on the magnitude and timing of the
process failure. Among them, there is a device for
accurate temperature measurement; video, which
repeats the work of the heater. There is the picture with
graphs of humidity, of temperature and of the target on
a temperature also, there is a report of the alarms about
information on the magnitude and timing of the failure
the process. A distinctive feature of the developed this
complex is to provide students opportunities for
acquiring skills of design and operation training of the
automated control system of technological process of
heating with the holding of tests in real time. After
studying one SCADA system, students are easily
transferred to work in another system, for example,
Master SCADA, domestic producer InSAT
Condition monitoring is a necessary element of the
transport and special machinery in agriculture. The
task of the control operations other than the
determination of the technical state of the object is to
determine the required amount of work, as well as
rational amount of collateral the repair of which could
be combined with the next maintenance. Based on the
results of processing of the information, we may
generate requests for service. In the conditions of
uncertainty of receipt of requests for servicing of
individual machines, estimated volumes and timing,
we have am appropriate development of applied
technique of justification of the number of diagnostic
posts for interactive control of a technical condition
of vehicles and special machinery in agriculture. The
presented methodology is based on probabilistic
methods, and allows the quick optimization of the
number of existing posts interactive diagnostics in the
enterprise, if necessary, translating the existing posts
in "standby" mode, or Vice versa, returning from a
reserve in "work" mode. The production and
technical base of the enterprise service based on the specific assumptions are considered as a system of
mass service (SMO), and the function of such a SMO
– as the process of mass service. The process of
queuing as applied to interactive diagnosis are
"Markov" processes "death and reproduction" with a
finite or countable number of States and continuous
time. To describe the states of the system we use the
system of the Kolmogorov equations for steady state
of "Markov" process. On their basis, we have
determined average queue length, time of stay orders
in the queue, number of busy channels and the
bandwidth of the CFR. Using the intensity of the
requests and the service time of a single application
for specific equipment, the article establishes the
efficiency of online diagnosis posts. The result of the
proposed applied methodology enables timely
decision-making about the need for reconstruction or
technical re-equipment of the company
In the general complex of mechanized works when
growing potatoes, potato harvesting is one of the main
operations. The efficiency of potatoes growing at the
farm largely depends on harvest quality and crop
retrieval. When harvesting potatoes with potato
harvesters their productivity largely depends on the
state of potato haulm. In a case of evolved and laid
haulm the harvesting machines productivity falls
sharply due to working organs clogging and in some
cases their work is not possible at all. Therefore, to
facilitate the work of potato harvesters it is necessary
to remove potato haulm before harvesting. But the
process of haulm removing is very laborious, including
several operations, such as mowing, raking and
transportation, each of which is performed by a
separate machine. The appearance of domestically
made rotary-type machines like KIR-1.5, UBD-3 and
BD-4 at the end of 1950-1960 made it possible to
mechanize the harvesting process of potato haulm. But
it was noticed in the operation that rotor machines
have a number of drawbacks caused by imperfections
in the rotor design, its kinematic regimes, lack of
balance and some others. Therefore, studies aimed at
improving the design of rotary-type machines seem to
be very important. To achieve this goal some
theoretical and experimental studies and lab and field
tests of the modernized four-row shredder have been
carried out. When studying methods of mathematical
analysis and elements of classical mechanics were
used. Some modern methods were applied in the lab
and field tests. The modernized haulm shredder BD-4
was tested at JSC “Avangard” in Ryazan district
In the article, approaches to the management existing at the present stage are considered, their merits and disadvantages are described. General scientific and special approaches to management are singled out. The system, functional and process approaches are described in more detail. The principles of E. Deming are considered. It is pointed out that the application of the above approaches to production management is limited only by the economic sphere of activity, while there is a prospect of using these approaches in the field of labor protection. The article substantiates a selection of the process approach as the most promising in the management of the labor safety management system and health protection of a machine-building enterprise
The aim of the study was to improve evaluation of the uniformity of irrigation with a machine of continuous translational motion, according to the test results of the apparatus with radial methods. Research method – mathematical modeling of the running of four machines of circular actions on a device of continuous translational motion using the result of the tests of the device with a radial method. The algorithm of calculation, recommended by the standard ISO 7749-2-2004, has been improved to minimize manual calculations and measurements. The algorithm is implemented in a computer program. Program of CDU(B) implements an advanced algorhythm. The program calculates a matrix of irrigation doses on meter squares area of spray irrigation between the positions of the two devices. The progressive movement of the machine is modeled by summing the doses in column-major order with constant X. At vector doses after the passage of the machine, it calculates the coefficient of uniformity of irrigation by Christiansen. The calculation is performed at different steps of the installation of devices, and so it determines the optimal location of them. The improved algorithm of calculating the figures of sprinkling uniformity using the test results for devices using a radial method was implemented in the program of the CDU(A) [1]; it allows to choose the optimal step for installation of devices. The algorithm of calculating the uniformity in the step of installation of the apparatus on the pipeline which is greater than the radius of the irrigation apparatus simulates the operation of two devices. During the installation step of the apparatus of smaller radius than irrigation apparatus, we model the work of four adjacent devices. The optimal step of installation of i-Wob is 14.5 meters, which is 1.75 times greater than the radius of the irrigation system and 1.5 times greater than the pitch of stationary devices with the same tolerance on the uniformity. Two-nozzle devices, which assessment standard does not meet the requirements of the uniformity of irrigation at the drive of the translational motion ensures a better distribution in the pitch of less than 24 meters
The role of transport in agricultural production is
considerable. It is a connecting link in a single
technological chain of agroindustrial complex of the
country. The successful production activity of
agricultural enterprises depends largely on the proper
use of available forces and means. One of such means
is machine-tractor fleet relating to technical basis of
agricultural production. Its functioning is reflected in
the whole cycle of production, from planting and
ending with cleaning. Therefore, the use of the
machine and tractor must ensure receipt of the
highest possible efficiency at the lowest cost, as
production cost agricultural production includes in its
membership the costs of mechanized and transport
works, which should be kept to a minimum. In this
regard, transport processes should be carried out the
most rational means. Rational application of those or
other vehicles is based on ratios of basic load ratings,
adaptability to the changing road conditions, terrain,
improving functionality, improved adaptation to
technical operation in the conditions of agricultural
production. When choosing a vehicle, special
attention must be paid to the size of the economy, the
direction of its activities, the structure of commodity
products, and the degree of its centralization. For
successful economic activities of the agricultural
enterprise it requires a different carrying capacity and
terrain vehicles. At present, the majority of the
automobile park of agricultural enterprises is cars and
trains of general purpose, which have large load
capacity and low permeability. In the agricultural
enterprises of the Ryazan region today there are about
4.5 thousand commercial vehicles, mostly models of GAZ, KAMAZ and ZIL. The issue of reducing the
cost of transport operation should be individualized
for each sector because of its distinctive features
(activity, volume of traffic, the structure of
commodity production, the state of farm roads, etc.)
The article deals with studying the ways of optimizing
the amount of chemical additives in the wood-concrete
material, i.e. arbolite, which contains foamed
polystyrene gravel aggregate. To make arbolite
honeycombed structure more conglomerated a nonreactive
aggregate, i.e. hogged chips, has been partially
replaced with foamed polystyrene gravel aggregate
which has a mean particle size equal to a concrete
pocket size. The article also deals with various
additives to be used, taking into account the nonreactive
aggregate type and its quality, the composite
density and its reinforcement level. All chemical
additives have been chosen to make the initial material
more porous, to produce a film covering the aggregate
surface and to speed up the process of concrete
hardening. To solve to above problems a series of
experiments was carried out, the latter studied various
combinations of factors changing at certain levels. The
results of studying the foamed polystyrene gravel
aggregate influence on the arbolite structure and its
characteristics were used to make a choice of the
arbolite composition. The main criterion of the optimal
amount of chemical additives has been considered the
arbolite strength. The experimental data processing has
resulted in the finite regression model which describes
the chemical additive amount influence on the arbolite
strength. The tables in the article show the levels of
technological factors varying and the matrix of
planning the experiments to be carried out in order to
optimize the chemical additive amount. As a result of
the research accomplished the optimal amount of
chemical additives has been determined which enables
to produce the arbolite with some foamed polystyrene
gravel aggregate in its composition
The article provides comparative analysis of three laws
in the area of standardization in different phases of its
existence and development of our State: “About
Standardization” 10.06.93 № 5154-1, “About
Technical Regulation” № 184-ФЗ (part III) and
«About Standardization in Russian Federation”
№ 162-ФЗ. It is noted that standards and other
documents addressing standardization facilitate
technical development, innovation in different spheres,
quality improvement and competitiveness of industry,
products and services. The authors of the article trace
close interconnection between the state of the laws and
the concepts of Russia’s development, change of
goals, tasks and principles of standardization in
relation to the changes in the country and in the world;
analyze the experience of Russian standardization and
evaluates innovations in the modern jurisprudence in
this area. The authors of the article evaluate the laws in
the area of standardization from the viewpoint of its
importance and transparency for consumers based on
its close correlation with the law “About Consumer
Protection”. Additionally, they note the importance of
these documents and standardization in general to the
development of the country’s economy, its integration
into the world sphere and achievement of
technological leadership of the Russian Federation in
different areas
The subject of study of this work was learning algorithm of neuro-fuzzy systems with different membership functions. In the prior works there are no published studies of such studies, making it difficult synthesis of neuro-fuzzy control system with new objects in the application of biotechnology, including technological agribusiness entities. A comparative analysis of learning algorithms of neuro-fuzzy system with different membership functions using the method of error back propagation and а hybrid method. For this we used a training sample that contains data of temperature and concentration of dissolved gas in the culture liquid: oxygen (pO2), carbon dioxide (pCO2) of a biotechnological process. It is shown that the hybrid method carries out training of a neural network for the number of periods is 23 times smaller than the algorithm back-propagation errors. The studies found that the two-sided Gaussian membership function provides the smallest learning error of the network δ equal of 3,28•10–3, compared to the other, giving the largest error of training the neural network δ=0,138. Therefore, the task of running the fermentation process effective is the use a hybrid method of education and two-sided Gaussian membership functions. According to the research, we can conclude that for the adaptation of neuro-fuzzy network ANFIS and fuzzy inference system Sugeno zero order to solve biotechnological process control tasks microbiological production efficiency is to use a hybrid method of education and bilateral Gaussian membership functions
Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific and patent literature, possible options to reduce weight of electro technical steel in magnetic circuits of electrical machines are explored. A search for the best options for the manufacture of magnetic induction motors stators technology aimed at improving the utilization of electrical steel and improving the energy performance of electric machines is carried out. All the variants are described and illustrated in detail in the drawings. It is pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method of manufacturing magnetic wires and the reasons why certain suggestions of technology of manufacturing magnetic circuits have not been implemented in mass production. The main indicators characterizing the manufacturability of constructive decisions are recommended. Economic indicators have been put in the basis of the choice of the optimal variant while designing the electrical machine. An optimal variant should be considered the variant in which all the technical requirements at lowest total cost are met. The latter should be understood not only the cost of materials and machine manufacturers, but also the cost of operation. The dependence of the energy performance of motors with modular designs of stators from the manufacturing technology is pointed out. The existing technology of the most mass electric motors series production, the following disadvantages are typical: low coefficient of utilization of electro technical steel; high specific material capacity, the cost of technology and labor intensity of production; low labour productivity and level of automation of technological process. Due to the fact that the possibilities of increasing of the machines’ specific weight characteristics due to the usage of new magnetic and dielectric materials are exhausted, it is advisable to change the technology of electric motors production, moving away from the traditional design
This article is dedicated to the study of the
parameters of the artificial immune system for
solving the polymorphic viruses’ detection
problem. The goal is to define a vector of the
immune system parameters that would ensure the
minimum number of errors of the first kind, the
minimum number of errors of the second kind and
the maximum percentage of polymorphic viruses’
detection. That is, the most accurate classification
of them as a malicious code, in relation to any
theoretically possible vector of parameters of the
artificial immune system. A distinctive feature of
the studied artificial immune system is the use of a
class of genetic algorithms that provide more
efficient training of detectors. The configurable
parameters of the system are: the algorithm for
determining the proximity of the detector and the
pathogen, which can be realized by determining the
Levenshtein distance or by the method of adjacent
bits; as well as the method of implementing the
crossing-over operator, the method of implementing
the mutation operator, the method of implementing
the selection operator, the algorithm for
determining the proximity of the detector lines. In
addition, the article considers the expediency of
using a distributed network of several nodes, each
of which will have an immune system that will
exchange data with other nodes of the network. As
a result of the research, a set of optimal parameters
was obtained in which the system achieves the
maximum accuracy of recognition of polymorphic
viruses
A more efficient use of road transport can be reached both by increasing the carrying capacity of the car and the average speed on the road. Due to limiting the safe load on the axle of the vehicle, a more promising solution is to increase the average speed on the road. Restricting car traffic speed on the roads with asphalt-concrete surface is due to the traffic safety, defined as resistance, steerabililty, vibrations of steering wheels and braking dynamics of the vehicle. The first three factors are influenced by the functional characteristics of the suspension and the state of the road surface. The share of agricultural vehicles mealage on the roads with improved surface does not exceed 65%. Nowadays, 40% of traffic volume and 9% of transport mealage are due to the transportation from the field and to the field. The aim of this work was to study the vibrational load of the load-carrying system and the driver, as well as the vehicle speed during the harvest time. To carry out theoretical research we used mathematical model "vehicle-road" system proposed by V.P. Tarasik. As a result of research we obtained the dependence of the acceleration of the front axle on the vehicle speed. The results showed that the maximum acceleration of the front axle is observed at a speed V = 20 km / h, which corresponds to external influences 1.54 Hz (9.7 rad/sec). The peak values of the vertical acceleration amounted to 5.80 m/s 2. The correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparing the results of theoretical and experimental research in the mode of uniform motion. The experimental determination of the vibrations of the vehicle sprung mass was carried out using the sound level meter and spectrum analyzer OKTAVA-101 AM, which is equipped with a vibrational pickup AP 98. The given calculations showed that the relative error of the results of theoretical and experimental research is 3.94%, the average value of an error at a confidence coefficient of P = 0.95 is 4.76%, which confirms the correctness of the mathematical model. The studies showed that if the speed is between 14 to 40 km / h, the vibrational load on the driver is from 1.42 m/s 2 to 2.82 m/s 2, that is 2.5 ...3.5 times the sanitary standards set by the requirements of the CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.566 - 96
The article is devoted to solving one of the major
problems in electric power industry, which is to
simplify and improve the accuracy of simulation and
calculation modes of complex electrical systems with
using the frequency characteristics of the elements of
the power system in generalized vector space. Article
has an exploratory character, which is expressed that
mathematical models of static elements of an electrical
network are considered in the form of transfer functions
of dependence of conduction on the frequency. A
number of the provisions of article has scientific
originality which is in the approach to the choice of the
coordinate system for modeling static elements. It is
offered the mathematical models air and cable
transmission lines, generalized load, single reactors
generalized vector space for analysis of steady and
transient modes. As an example was calculated family
of real and imaginary parts of the frequency
characteristics of the AC-70 line with different values
of the length, lines with different section (AC-70, AC-
95, AC-120), generalized load with different ratios of active and reactive power, various types of single
reactors. Offered mathematical models allow exploring
different symmetric modes of electric networks using
more efficient mathematical apparatus
Algorithms and constructing schemes of trusted
pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) based on
multivalued codes of residue number system are
presented. An algorithm for numerical control of the
operation of arithmetic adder Zm, differing by the
introduction of various rules for performing the
operation of "forming" of the overflow flag bit and the
correction operation of the supervision data adjusting
is developed. A scheme for local control of the adder
Zm, which differs from the known by introduction of
the overflow flag bit generation scheme and
accounting scheme of the supervision data adjusting is
constructed. End-to-end monitoring scheme of
modular adder control and key storage device (KSD)
for holding the crypto key with residual class code is
constructed. The proposed scheme differs from the
known by additional memory page, overflow flag bit
generation scheme and by accounting scheme of the
supervision data adjusting. The results of a
comparative evaluation of the developed pattern for
local and end-to-end monitoring of modular adder
control with hardware redundancy are provided. Based
on the results of the comparative evaluation it is
expedient to use the modular control method in order
to increase the reliability of the PRNG. At the same
time, the developed algorithms and end-to-end
monitoring schemes ensure elimination of the fracture
areas in the control and expansion of fragments of the
local (intermediate) PRNG control with minimal
hardware and time redundancy. Application field of
the developed algorithms and control schemes are
digital devices with cryptographic functions
The article deals with the study of vehicles impact on
the environment, since one of the main causes of air
pollution are cars with internal combustion engines.
One of the most important measures in the fight for
clean air is the creation of an environmentally
friendly transport. From this point of view, the most
promising is the electric car, as the only solution to
the problem of atmospheric pollution. In this article,
the history of the development of modern electric
vehicles, the advantages and disadvantages of their
design, as well as the possibility of introducing
electric vehicles into everyday life are considered.
After the analysis, it was concluded that, in spite of
the obvious advantages and the huge path that electro
mobiles went through in their development,
humanity is still not ready to refuse from cars with
internal combustion engines, opting for electric
vehicles
The article deals with normative legal documents, regulating safety indicators of equipment, with particular focus on woodworking machinery, including log-processing equipment. General and specific requirements have been highlighted in terms of their analyses. The necessity of safety requirements’ specification in technical guidelines, with reference to construction of industry-specific trend equipment, according to newly accepted national, interstate and international standards for purposes of conformity assessment. Nonconformities were determined on the terms in Technical Guidelines of the Customs Union 021/2011, fundamental documents for woodworking equipment GOST EH 1070 and GOST ISO 12100. Relevant topic issues are declared in this work. Manufactures consider them when risk valuation is performed in point of existing equipment and that, under development non-standard equipment, connected with diversity of normative documents, absence of information about customers’ experience, accidents while operating comparable machinery, etc. The paper emphasizes complications, which participants of standard programs face, namely, development contractors and users, accredited test laboratories and certification bodies, state oversight authorities, when woodworking machinery conformity assessment is performed. The suite of safety metrics was suggested for valuation of log-processing equipment and two-level log frames, particularly, on the basis of technical guidelines requirements TG CU 021/2011 “On machinery and equipment safety”, and standards GOST EH 1070, GOST 12.2.026.0, GOST R 5454123 and GOST R 51898. The necessity of standard realization was demonstrated in relevance to obsolete methods of control over equipment (geometric and technology accuracy). GOST 10294 was accepted in 1990 and hasn’t been actualized since that time. That is the reason why it seems impossible to estimate equipment condition, as recommended monitoring facilities are missing
The article gives results of research of the process of
abrasive wear of samples made of Steel 45, U10 and
with applied composite surface layer "nickelmulticomponent
material with shape memory effect
(SME) based on TiNi". For the tests we have chosen
TiNiZr, which is in the martensite state and
TiNiHfCu, which is in the austenitic state at the test
temperature. The formation of the surface layer was
carried out by high-speed gas-flame deposition in a
protective atmosphere of argon. In the wear test,
Al2O3 corundum powder was used as an abrasive. It is
shown that the wear rate of samples with a composite
surface layer of multicomponent materials with an
SME is significantly reduced in comparison with the
base, which is explained by reversible phase
transformations of the surface layer with an SME.
After carrying out the additional surface plastic
deformation operation (SPD), the resistance of the
laminated composition to abrasion wear is greatly
enhanced, due to the reinforcing effect of the SPD. It
is recommended for products working in conditions of
abrasive wear and high temperatures to use the
complex technology of formation of the surface
composition "steel-nickel-material with high-temperature EPF", including preparation of the surface
of the substrate and the deposited material, VGN in
the protective atmosphere of argon, followed by SPD
The article deals with the reliability of the functioning of the equipment of the power supply substation, and the determination of the probability of uninterrupted supply of electricity to consumers. The following are presented: models of failures of separators, models of short-circuit failures, models of failures of disconnectors. Two statistical series for sudden and gradual failures are singled out. The reliability theory is shown as the main distribution of fail-safe time for sudden failures. The conclusions on the presented models are made and the suggestions on introduction into production are given. According to the presented models, it is possible to judge the reliability of the station's operation, which is necessary for implementing measures to improve the reliability of electricity supply in network companies
One of the main ways to increase the economic efficiency and environmental safety of the food industry is the introduction of low-waste and non-waste technologies. A vivid example of the technologies of this group is the production of pectin and pectin products from processing residues for food needs of plant objects - various fruits. We have developed a number of ways of obtaining pectin products from unconventional raw materials objects and on their basis we propose technologies for obtaining commodity pectin and pectin extracts from fruit shells of soya, sainfoin, castor oil, tunga and black nuts. For the purpose of operational analytical control of the pectin complex of the listed raw materials, two methods have been proposed, one of which is presented in the article. The presented technique allows determining the amount of pectin by its fractions at any company of pectin production with minimum expenditure of labor and energy. The methodology is implemented as follows. We dry paper folded filters to constant weight. Standardized solutions of protopectin and hydratopectin are prepared. Samples are taken. Then we neutralize the acid solution of protopectin solution and saponize the pectin substances in the analyzed solutions with 40% NaOH solution for 15 minutes. After that, the pectic substances are precipitated with concentrated HCl and the precipitates are filtered. Then the precipitates on the filters are repeatedly washed with cold distilled water to completely remove the chlorine ions. Filters with precipitation are dried to constant weight. The mass fraction of fractions of pectin substances is calculated by formulas for hydratopectin and protopectin alone. The method as a whole makes it possible to improve the accuracy of the results of determining the mass fraction of pectic substances in plant raw materials, to reduce labor and time costs, and to exclude the use of specific equipment
Nowadays in Russia, there is a problem of utilization
of vehicles. A system of recycling of agricultural machinery
in Russia is absent. In the article we present
an organizational-technological complex of works for
utilization of agricultural machinery
In the current economic situation, the
developing of cattle breeding is taking on
special significance. It is well known that the
effective way to develop cattle breeding is to
increase the total number of efficient livestock.
The numerous researches show that the high
concentrated fodder premix diet gives the
highest effect in increasing animal indicators [1,
2, 3]. Traditionally, the premix is a powder
mass, which should be added into the mixture
of grain components. Exact following the recipe
of prepared fodder allows the maximum usage
of forage potential of the concentrate
components [4, 5, 6, 7]. In view of the
foregoing, food enrichers have special actuality
in making high concentrated fodder [8, 9, 10].
The usage of differential Fokker – Planck
equation systems allows determining the laws
of the mixing process of various granulated
products. As a result, it becomes possible to
optimize the technological process of the mixerenrichers
of concentrated feed so that the
resulting mixture of feed would have high
quality and technological characteristics. At the
same time the duration of sewer-enricher’s
work and, as a consequence, the energy
intensity of the technological process would
accept the minimum possible values [11-16].
The given theoretical approach is based on the
consideration of the motion of an individual
particle contained in a loose grain mass (phase).
Concerning this, it is necessary to accept a
number of assumptions about making effort to
the feed particles, and the velocity vectors of its
initial motion should be taken into account.
Taking into account the complexity of the
mathematically derived differential equation, its
literal analytical solution seems very difficult.
Therefore, the first step of the solution is aimed at the obtaining the non-stationary diffusion
equation of Fokker - Planck and the boundary
conditions for isolating the only one solution.
The second step of the solution is implemented
by the tabulation at the grid-based points, that
is, considering the differential equation not at a
random point of the area, but only at the grid
nodes. Moreover, it is necessary to apply the
approximation of the derivatives at each node.
The solution of the equation system allows
determining the module of the minimum,
average, and maximum values of the phase
particle motion in different parts of the mixing
chamber, respectively. In connection with this,
the aim of the study is to substantiate the
processes of motion of various types of
granulated products
The tasks set in "The strategy of engine and technological modernization of agriculture until 2020" provide growth of labor productivity by 3–4 times. In our article, we have attempted to concretize in a zone sectional view the direction action for successful engine and technological modernization for the purpose of implementation of such strategically important point. Radical modernization of system of vehicles for complex mechanization of field husbandry based on the domestic equipment in relation to natural and technological conditions of the Krasnodar region is offered. Realization of system of transport is supposed with use of the equipment of the fourth generation, but in 2020 the equipment of the fifth generation and innovative processing methods for production of grain crops has to be realized. It is noted that the solution of such task without the state participation is impossible. The fundamental principles of improvement of system of vehicles for field husbandry and engine technologies are offered. The main of them is a new system of mobile power, new highly productive motorless grain - beetroot-, forage harvesters, new multipurpose units with the offered devices for combination of the technological operations changing labor-intensive technologies radically. We offer replacement of heavy tractors, self-propelled combines; cutting-down of the nomenclature of the equipment at the expense of multipurpose units, main application of fertilizers along with processing of the soil, drop of sealing of the soil and its dispersion. The offered technical re-equipment of branch will provide precision performance of operations, increase in labor productivity and economy of resources
In modern food production, extrusion is an actual and effective variant of intensification of technological processes. Its essential advantage is the possibility of correcting the content of proteins, vitamins and minerals in the finished product. The analysis of works devoted to the problems of obtaining food products of valuable food composition by extrusion technology shows the importance of further work in this direction.
The purpose of the work was to analyze the technological methods of producing snacks on a nut-and-grain basis, taking into account the need to obtain a complex of substances of daily requirements with a small volume of consumed food. In accordance with the purpose, the main tasks of the work were identified. To substantiate the expediency of producing grain crips balanced and enriched composition; investigate the chemical composition and substantiate the choice of raw materials for the production of crisps of high nutritional value; to offer techniques for improving the technology of obtaining extruded snacks; to develop recipes and to test the improved technology of obtaining food snacks on a nut-and-grain basis. In the course of the work, the qualitative composition of the main grain and auxiliary plant species was investigated.
We studied the optimal technological parameters of the production process of air snacks and original flavor combinations. We established expedient extrusion conditions for obtaining a product with predetermined properties. Various parameters of the final air product obtained by optimizing the formulation components were added when blending CO2-extracts and some types of CO2-meal. The composition and properties of the investigated objects were evaluated according to generally accepted procedures. When creating graphs, optimizing the formulation composition and for static processing of the results of the research, mathematical methods were used. The technological parameters of the production process of air snacks from domestic raw materials and original flavor and biologically active additives are presented. Formulations of new snack products are proposed. Ways of optimization of the applied technology in order to obtain a product of higher nutritional value are presented
The main way to extend the shelf life of fruit and vegetable raw materials is low-temperature drying, characterized by high quality products, low energy consumption and affordable cost of finished products. More fully, a two-stage drying, the first stage of which is convective drying and the second stage - convective vacuum drying, meet such requirements. The article substantiates the prospects for the use of fruit and berry powders in public catering, using electro-physical effects that significantly reduce the loss of valuable components of the feedstock. The authors proposed a combination of conventional convective dewatering processes with vacuum microwave treatment, in order to achieve high quality indices of dried products. The aim of the work is to reduce energy consumption for drying and improve the quality of finished products. Among the objects of research, there are fruit and vegetable raw materials, designs of drying plants and technological modes of two-stage drying and devices providing it. The research subjects include the establishment of the properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials in the process of two-stage drying. The methods of research are based on the use of modern methods of analysis and instrumentation. On the way of widespread introduction of powders into the production of various food products, there is a problem of insufficient attention of producers to this type of product, low volumes of its production and monopoly of individual producers of powders
We have developed a mathematical model of thermodynamic processes at oscillatory movement of liquids in porous environment with consideration of heat interaction of an oil layer with surrounding breeds and phase transitions caused by dissolution of paraffin’s dissolution. We have received analytical dependences of temperatures on time, distances to well and depth, that proves an opportunity to increase of oilrecavery when influenced by periodic fields of pressure. We have suggested a bartering effect to increase the temperature in zones far from the well formation. The mathematical model is based on the equation of heat balance, taking into account the contribution of phase transitions due to paraffinization in the case when the motion of the mixture takes place in a homogeneous isotropic porous medium with constant porosity and constant density. In the work we have developed a theory of bartering effect upon oscillatory movement of fluids in porous media considering thermal interaction between the oil reservoir and surrounding rocks and phase transitions due to the dissolution of paraffins. Comparison of theoretical and experimental data has confirmed the possibility of using the first approximation for the calculation of real thermodynamic processes in the filtration-wave fields. The developed process model allows the calculation of the temperature field in the practical conditions
In the article, we present existing approaches to the study of the optimal composition of technological systems. We have justified a new method of improving the reliability and the efficiency of technological systems of grain harvesting based on application of mass service theory. An engineering methodology for the substantiation of structure of the technological complex of agro-climatic conditions has been developed. In this case, the basis is the method proposed by S. D. Shepelev and G. A. Okuneva. To justify the structure of the technological complex of agro-climatic conditions of the Krasnodar region we have developed a mathematical optimization model, as criteria of which the losses from downtime of combine harvesters and transport vehicles have been taken. On the basis of the developed technique co-dependence on the number of combine harvesters «Torum-740» from the capacity of vehicles and coefficient for their use for the Northern zone of the Krasnodar region has been found
Life Sciences
Remineralization of leached chernozem was carried
out by applying such rocks as loess-like loam, shell
limestone, apatite phosphogypsum. We have
revealed that the introduction of species didn’t
change substantially the content of boron during the
growing season. We have also displayed the seasonal
dynamics of macro variants of the experiment and
the increase in the content of food items in the phase
of active growth of winter wheat. Seasonal dynamics
of trace elements is expressed, but can not be
expressed with certain regularity
We have conducted a research on the poultry farm of
the commodity farm of the educational and
experimental farm Kuban of the Kuban State Agrarian
University. The chemical analysis of various organic
fertilizers is considered in the article. Also
agrochemical characteristics of organic fertilizers are
given. The composition and properties of the bird
droppings of the farm under study were determined for
comparison with other organic fertilizers: manure of
cattle and pig manure. Since straw is used as the main
moisture-absorbing material for composting in the
farm under study, straw analyzes were carried out in
terms of chemical composition and nutritional content.
A chemical analysis of the content of plant nutrients in
straw has been carried out. Bird droppings is valuable,
a fast full fertilizer. Of all organic fertilizers, bird
droppings are the most valuable, both in nutrient
content and in their accessibility to plants. The nutrient
content in the litter varies depending on the species of
the bird, the breed, the age, the method of keeping and
feeding, the type of feed and other factors. The
chicken manure contains morephosphorus, nitrogen and
potassium, than manure of cattle and pigs. The advantage
of organic fertilizers in comparison with mineral
fertilizers is their long after-effect. As fertilizer a bird
droppings surpasses manure at 8-10 times and almost
don't concede to equal amount of nutrients of mineral
fertilizers by action on productivity of cultures. The norm
of introduction of bird droppings is up to 30 times lower,
than norm of introduction of manure. Agricultural areas
where introduction of organic fertilizers, the list of crops
under which fertilizers are introduced were considered.
The received results confirm the value of organic
fertilizers (bird droppings), and their application enriches
the soil with necessary nutrients, increases productivity
and quality of grown-up crops
At present, the farmers have to develop varieties and
hybrids, which fully meet the requirements of
agricultural production. The study of correlation among
economic-valuable characteristics of grain sorghum is of
great importance nowadays, as it allows optimizing
plant-breeding work at its early stages. For a more
productive process of developing of the initial material in
breeding, it is necessary to determine the correlation
among the traits to identify the strongest connections,
and to conduct further work, based on the obtained data.
Knowing the correlation, the estimation of timeconsuming
economic trait can be replaced by the
assessment of the simpler trait correlated with it. The
article presents the analysis of correlation among various
traits of grain sorghum. The degree and direction of the
correlation have been estimated. The significant effect of
the length of vegetation period on many traits has been
seen. There have been also mentioned the characteristics,
having an influence on a size and a number of kernels
per panicle. There is a positive correlation between a size
of panicle and dimensions of a leaf (length, width).
Along with it there has been found a positive correlation
among linier dimensions of a panicle, length and width
of a leaf, a number of leaves with a number of kernels
per panicle. While studying the correlation between an
extension of a panicle with other traits, there has been
noted a negative correlation between a length of
vegetation period, length and width of a leaf, but there
has been found a positive correlation with plant height. There has been found a positive effect of 1000-kernel
weight, a number of kernels per panicle, a number of
leaves and their dimensions on the formation of kernel
weight per panicle
The influence of the predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield and the quality of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Krasnodar 99’ were investigated. Investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two ten- course crop-rotations: grain plowing and grain - grass plowing (stationary experience). The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content 3,95-4,00%, depending on the nutrition in the arable soil layer (0-30sm), mineral nitrogen is 5,9-8,3 mg / kg of soil, exchangeable potassium is 330-360 mg / kg of soil. It was found that the maximum value of the winter wheat crop structure elements is noticed in the fertilizer systems with complete mineral fertilizer, and the minimum value - with PK and NK. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. The protein content was mainly determined by the fertilizer dose. Enhanced and high doses of fertilizers contributed to an increase in the protein content to 12%.A strong correlation between protein content, agronomic methods and precipitation was determined
Tasting and smoking properties of tobacco products
depend on chemical composition of dried tobacco. The
most important are nicotine, carbohydrates, and
proteins. Their content is controlled when new sorts
are bred. In the article data on chemical composition
and their analysis for some hybrids, new and zoned
sorts are presented. Most of studied samples had
medium nicotine content in dried tobacco. Hybrid of
Jubileiniy noviy 142 and Ostrolist 46, sorts: Trapezond
159, 359, 115 and Ostrolist 46 were characterized as
low nicotine tobaccos. Jubileiniy (standard) and
Oktiabrskii were characterized as high nicotine
tobaccos. This indicator depends on rain quantity
during vegetation period. During drought seasons this
indicator is higher. Total soluble carbohydrates content
affects smoke taste. The more water soluble
carbohydrates content the better smoking properties
tobacco has. Unlike nicotine, carbohydrates content
when rainy season increases. Best results were for
Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii. Proteins have
negative effect on smoke taste as it becomes bitter and
with smell of burned feathers. Most of studied hybrids
have quite high protein content. For cured tobacco
quality assessment, not total contents of proteins and
carbohydrates are important but their ratio
(carbohydrates/proteins) called Shmuk ratio. Best
results were for Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii
Development of confectionery sunflower openpollinated
varieties (OP-varieties) is a prospect
direction in sunflower breeding. High price level for
confectionery sunflower seeds pushes forward the
breeding program. The aim of our work is to study
dependence of main valuable confectionery seed
characteristics from plant density and to identify
sunflower samples, which decrease seed size at
minimum level under high plant density. The study
was done at All-Russia Oil Crops Research Institute
(VNIIMK) named by V.S. Pustovoit (Krasnodar) in
2015 and 2016. Seeds of different biotypes of OP
sunflower variety called Dzhinn were used as a
material. Samples were sown with 2 replications.
Every plot had 1 row. The highest yield of OP variety
Dzhinn was obtain under plant density 60 000 plants
per ha. 1000-seeds weight decreased with increasing
plant density up to 60 000 plants per ha. Prospect for
future breeding samples were identified which not
decrease the level of valuable traits under higher plant
density
Basic aim of institute’s breeding is to keep, renew and
increase selection and genetic resources of Nicotiana
tabacum. Final stages of this work are competitive and
state sort testing procedures. Their results are base for
zoning new sorts. In the article, the results on testing 8
new tobacco sorts of Trapezond and Ostrolist sort type
are presented. Testing on experimental field situated in
Severskii district of the Krasnodar region lasted for
five years. For this purpose, phenological observations,
biometric and technological properties measuring,
plant productivity and dried tobacco quality
assessments and other operations were carried. As the
result, Trapezond 25, Ostrolist 360 and Sheptalskii 63
sorts may be recommended for zoning and utilizing in
industry. Trapezond 25 and Sheptalskii 63 are sorts
with high productivity, high quality of dried tobacco
and good curing properties. Ostrolist 360 when earlymiddle
maturing keeps high productivity and quality of
cured tobacco. Other sorts: Trapezond 115, Ostrolist
311, Ostrolist 149, Ostrolist 90, Krupnolistniy 22 can
be initial material for further selection
The article analyzes the experience of zoning of
territory of the Bryansk region on the main factors of
erosion to select the measures to combat it. The
Bryansk region in its present borders, mainly
representing the middle course of the Desna river, has
been considered safe in relation to erosion. The
existing zoning is based on the quantitative
characteristics of the processes of erosion that
primarily allowed us to assess the scale of their impact
on nature and the region's economy. The erosion
zoning was performed on the basis of the map of
erosion-prone land. As a result of study and analysis of
all natural factors of erosion and land of the region
under study the regularities of distribution of land
erosion and intensity of spring rainfall and soil erosion
are detected. Under the leadership of Filin V. I., a
survey of the ravines of the region was conducted and
made the scheme of erosion zoning, according to
which the region is divided into three areas. It is
noteworthy Horinas E. V. research. When divided into
areas it was taken into consideration the need for each
of them specific actions to combat the causes and
consequences of erosion in relation to the peculiarities
of the latter in each district. According to the intensity
of the erosion processes and physico-geographical
zoning of the Bryansk region and the nature of
agricultural land use, specialists of the Bryansk branch
of the Institute "Rosgiprozem" produced erosion
zoning of the territory of the region, which highlighted
seven erosion regions. From the variety of methods for
zoning, the most appropriate in our view are created,
based on the estimated small-scale (medium-scale)
maps of erosion of land, capable of performing the
function diagrams of erosion zoning
Hybridization was performed for nine hybrid
combinations between Russian early-ripening varieties
Novator and Serpantin and South Korean cold-tolerant
introduced samples Odaebueo и Tinbubueo. As a
result, 283 hybrid caryopses in eight combinations
were obtained, which were later studied in growing
conditions. Study of trait inheritance in F1 hybrids was
conducted, heterosis effect of studied hybrid
populations was determined by productivity and
individual elements of yield structure, using indicators
of the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) of
quantitative traits. Significant variability in agronomic
traits of F1 hybrids was determined. The manifestation
of heterosis in productivity was noted in combination
Odaebueo / Tinbubueo, in which super dominance was
observed by all the studied traits forming productivity,
in the hybrid progeny. Using the "halves method",
analysis for cold resistance of 227 F2 plants in eight
hybrid populations was performed. Seven lines with
increased resistance to low positive temperatures
during germination were identified in five hybrid
combinations, which is 3% of the studied material. It
is shown that in breeding for cold resistance as mother
plants in hybridization it is necessary to use rice
varieties (samples) that are resistant to low positive
temperatures during germination, and as paternal -
more productive varieties, adapted to soil and climatic
conditions of rice growing area of the Krasnodar
Region
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article analyzes the complex and contradictory process of feminism in the Islamic cultural space on the example of Egypt. The author analyzes feminism as ideological and political of the movement women's equality phenomenon. We study the Genesis of the feminist movement in Egypt; reveal its social-economic causes and historical roots. In the article we consider the main problems associated with the status of Muslim women in the coverage of the largest Muslim educators and reformers of the previous century. It is proved that the movement for women emancipation in the Arab world was the movement of the upper layers of society, initiated by men. In the course of study a new historiographical material (mainly of translated character) was revealed and introduced into the scientific circulation which contributed to the study of a number of insufficiently studied problems
This article analyses the state religious policy in regard
to the Russian Orthodox Church in the first post Great
Patriotic War years. The characteristic of the religious
life during the above-mentioned period in the
Krasnodar Territory is given. The main resource of this
research was documents of the Authorized Board on
Russian Orthodox Church Affairs of the USSR
Ministerial Council in Krasnodar Territory. Some
positive changes in state- church relations took place.
New churches began to open. Revitalization of the
religious life came into being. It was shown in peoples’
participating in religious holidays, making orthodox
ceremonies. Christening was the most popular
ceremony. The less popular was the religious wedding.
In that period of time, women were active participants
of the religious life of the region. Among believers
there were soldiers demobilized from the army.
However from 1948 first signs of estrangement in state
– church relations began to appear
This article presents the results of the content analysis
of the US National Security Strategies published in the
period 1991-2010. The emphasis is on identifying the
role of non-governmental organizations in building of
the US political strategy, as well as considering the
evolutionary path of NGOs during various presidential
administrations of the United States. The conclusion is
drawn that during the considered period nongovernmental
organizations became an integral part of
the US foreign policy doctrine. NGOs have become
one of the most important instruments of the "soft
power" of the United States, primarily with regard to
the spread of democratic foundations and civil society.
The results demonstrate the difference in approaches to
the "soft power" between the democratic and
republican administrations of the United States of
America
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article presents main laws of Russian and foreign car markets development, its growth characteristics in present economic context; it examines global manufacturing of vehicles by international auto groups. Car market structural changes in the Russian market are analyzed. The future impact of modern economic crisis on auto market repartition and its development trend is also considered
In today's market economy, against the backdrop of
globalization, political instability and crisis processes,
the issue of attracting foreign investment is strategically
important. The Krasnodar region is one of the most
attractive regions for investment potential both in the
territory of the Southern Federal District and among the
regions of the Russian Federation. Moreover, effective
investment activity positively influences its socioeconomic
development, providing the region with not
only financial assets, growth in GRP (Gross Regional
Product) rates, but also contributing to the introduction
of new technologies, increasing the number of jobs and
improving the quality of life of the population
This article discusses the problem of methodological
support for the management of the recovery cycle of
Russian industry, which is caused by the
transformation of factors affecting the achievement
of the required parameters of competitiveness. Given
the low level of technological development, it is
proposed to rely on the concept of sustainability in
determining the strategy of re-industrialization in
Russia. As a theoretical platform of such a concept,
the ideas of intellectualization of enterprise
management are proposed, which were developed in
the foreign theory of industrial management. Thus,
the main factors influencing the stability of the
enterprise were correlated with elements of the
"ADACOR holonic" -architecture of management,
inspired by biological and evolutionary theories. An
empirical analysis of the impact of self-organizing
factors using the technology of cognitive modeling,
which revealed a significant impact on the company's
sustainability of environmental assessment factors.
The state is revealed under which the effect of local
stability within the limits of the parameters
"Diagnostics of threats" and "Unpredictability of the
environment" is achieved, which makes it possible to
form a complex of management actions to regulate
these parameters using the coenoses tools. The
proposed interdisciplinary approach, based on a
system of regularities of the physical and
mathematical order, will greatly enhance the
effectiveness of forecasting and the predictability of
enterprise development
Tendencies of development of a cloud computing in
business are considered in the article, percentage
indicators of development of cloud computing are
presented. Advantages of introduction of cloud
computing in a business area are listed. It's
a fact that cloud computing has theoretically
unlimited scale of existence of data, simplicity of
operation and financial availability of cloud services,
reduction of IT costs. For heads of the companies it is
the prospect of reduction of paper document flow and
a possibility of distant work with data arrays. The
statistics of volume of the Russian market of cloud
services is present. The forecast of development of
the world market of a cloud computing is made.
Advantages of implementation of cloud computing in
the sphere of business are listed; the main of them:
decrease of costs of IT departments, the expensive
equipment and the software. Any agrarian and
industrial company will be able significantly to
reduce not only financial expenses, but also it will be
able competently to redistribute human resources for
more effective work thanks to a cloud computing.
Realization of a cloud program service in 1C is
especially demanded in the Russian market in the
sphere of business of agrarian and industrial complex
because of the financial profitability and acceptable
technical characteristics. Cloud services significantly
help business functioning, simplifying work with
documentation and communication with the external
environment. Examples of application of a cloud
computing on medium and small business are
presented in the article
The main problem for small business enterprises is acquisition of the expensive equipment. For the solution of this problem the world practice offers leasing. Leasing is the investment mechanism which around the world is widely used by small and medium business, and also the giant enterprises in case of need of acquisition of fixed assets. In the article we consider a process of providing leasing services, requirements of the organization and distribution of a line of leasing services. For the purpose of effective participation of the state in the leasing development stimulation mechanism, in our opinion, creation of three state institutions is necessary, namely: state guarantee fund, state mortgage fund and state leasing fund. Creation of the state guarantee fund, according to the author, will be useful not only for leasing development, but also for restoration and stimulation of crediting of real sector of economy, the main functions of this fund have to consist in provision of guarantees on the credits of commercial banks and leasing companies. The state leasing fund has to cooperate closely with the state leasing company for the purpose of granting objects of leasing in leasing. Creation and ensuring effective activity of the state funds, for today, has paramount importance, stimulation of development of leasing crediting and crediting of real sector of economy is the main condition of economic growth of Russia. The mechanism of tax benefits, discounts and state subsidies which have to be provided to commercial tanks and the leasing companies is important for stimulation of leasing. Development of leasing stimulates innovative processes, thanks to leasing the period of an obsolescence of the equipment is reduced. Recommendations by means of which, small business can achieve positive long-term financial results are offered
The article deals with the problem of realization of
complex projects in the Russian Federation. A detailed
analysis of the impact of integrated projects was
carried out for the main parameters: the territorial and
legal basis, the number of completed projects, the
volume of attracted investments in the region, the
volume of revenues of the project participants.
According to the analysis of positive and negative
practices of the implementation of complex projects in
the regions with the highest gross regional product the
Russian government recommended to pay attention to
those complex projects that work "in the result",
encouraging them, giving more preferences and
privileges for investment and development of the
territory as a whole. Some projects that are not only
ineffective, but also bear the losses, should be reduced
funding and in some cases to focus on their closure. As
a result, it was concluded in part that the regions,
which initially have a favorable socio-economic
environment and the necessary infrastructure are more
attractive to investors, and, naturally, more effectively
develop. In such regions more residents come, due to
which new jobs, growing the economy, increasing the
gross regional product
This article focuses on crude oil trade development
between Russian Federation and European Union with
relation to port of Novorossiysk performance for the
period of 2010-2015 taking into consideration
restrictive measures imposed by European Union.
Literature review on the topic of economic sanctions
on Russia and other countries and impact of these
measures on economy of these countries is given in the
article. After analysis of crude oil trade volumes
between Russia and European Union through port of
Novorossiysk it is possible to conclude that decrease in
crude oil trade started two years before the
introduction of restrictive measures. Current values of
international trade indicators can be under significant
influence of sanctions, but the general trend of decline
started before that, and this trend can be connected
with other then political factors. Another conclusion is
the fact that sanctions made an impact on growth of
crude oil turnover, but at the same time this indicator
was negative for almost a decade before, making it
possible to consider the factor of sanctions as
significant, but not decisive
Health protection of the population is one of the
foundations of the constitutional system of Russia.
The right of everyone to health care and medical
care is enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian
Federation (Article 41). This right is ensured by
providing citizens with free medical assistance in
state and municipal health care institutions,
financing federal programs for protecting and
promoting public health, implementing measures
for the development of state, municipal, Private
health systems. The quality of medical care depends
on such factors as the material and technical base
and the financial and economic conditions of the
activities of medical organizations, the activities of
public authorities in the field of health care, and the
optimality of the use of resources. However, first of
all, the quality of medical care is determined by the
level of staffing of medical institutions,
professional training and qualification of
specialists. In the coming years, one of the strategic
tasks of the Ministry of Health of Russia is to
improve the quality of managerial personnel: the
chief physicians of medical organizations,
specialists in the fields of quality management, drug
provision and financial and economic management.
Until 2018, it is planned to conduct a large-scale
upgrading of the managers who supervise financial
and economic activities in medical organizations of
all the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
working in the MHI system
At present, garment companies of the light industry of the Russian Federation are suffering from the lack the outstripping development in many respects because the material and technical base is obsolete. The level of deterioration of machines and equipment is considerably high, which does not contribute to increasing production, full satisfaction of the domestic demand of the population, expansion of export potential and implementation of the policy of import substitution. An effective mechanism of technological renewal is urgently needed, which will allow enterprises of this field of activity to modernize fixed assets, update production technologies, win new markets and increase competitive advantages. The purpose of this article is to provide an objective assessment of the current state of Russian garment enterprises and to develop priority measures for the development of the industry. The article identifies the current problems that prevent light industry enterprises from maintaining high competitiveness. The data on volumes of sales of garments in Russia are analyzed. The appraisal of the Russian textile market is provided, due to domestic production and the volume of textile imports. The dynamics of changes in the indices of domestic production of textile and clothing products is considered. The results of the research made it possible to formulate strategic directions for protecting the domestic sewing market, which helped to identify possible ways of increasing competitive advantages and increasing the efficiency of production and operation of Russian garment enterprises
The article considers the economic growth and its
components, the main indicators, targets and the effect
that it has on the economy. Also, we briefly describe
the main trends of economic growth of the Krasnodar
region and the forecast of their change over the next 2
years
The economic security of the region is one of the main
elements of the country's economic security system.
The article examines the current state of economic
security in the region, identifies key problems,
challenges, internal and external threats to economic
security, proposes directions for the development of
economic security in the region, and develops a
balanced system of economic security indicators with
justification of their threshold values. As the base
region for the study, we have selected the Krasnodar
region, one of the leading regions of the country. The
issues of ensuring economic security are considered,
the main indicators of economic security of the
country and the region are formed. An assessment of
the region's economic security system by monitoring
economic security indicators is proposed, for each of
which the indicator under study is estimated within the
threshold (normative values). This method allows you
to assess simultaneously the various spheres of life in
the region, determines the risk zones and growth points
in terms of the remoteness of the threshold value of the
regulatory indicator. According to the proposed
system, the threshold values of the indicators of
economic security and the main socio-economic
indicators of the Krasnodar region were grouped into
four areas: the financial and economic, social, labor,
demographic and social health of the population.
The assessment of the state of economic security of the
Krasnodar region is given, topical problems of
economic security are considered and the main directions of ensuring the economic security of the
region are identified
The article describes disadvantages of existing onecriterion
methodologies: only the monetary effect of
outsourced process is considered, the analysis of all
possible positive and negative consequences of
outsourcing is not taken into account. It outlines the
main difficulties of multi-criteria approaches for
decision making about outsourcing, related to the fact
that the improvement of one important criterion of
the enterprise's activity can lead to the deterioration
of another criterion. It outlines the fact that there is
no single algorithm for making decisions about
production outsourcing. On the example of an
industrial enterprise for the production of energy
spare parts it was shown that, despite the positive
economic effect, the use of outsourcing in an
industrial enterprise may not be appropriate. It
analyzes calculation of LLC "Turbomash-service"
according to which the costs for insourcing and
outsourcing of production for the most expensive and
labor-intensive items were calculated. It focuses on
three main features that need to be considered during
outsourcing, namely: 1) Quality of products before
and after outsourcing; 2) The level of critical
knowledge protection; 3) Organization,
communication and coordination of processes. It is
shown that, along with the economic effect, the
mentioned parameters are no less important for
making decision about outsourcing. A detailed
analysis of these parameters is carried out. The
existing multicriteria decision-making methodology
was improved, the Saati method was proposed for
ranking the criteria taking into account their
importance, as well as a pairwise comparison of the
parameters. It explains the necessity of applying the
proposed decision-making method for outsourcing at
an industrial enterprise
The authors note, that the system of state regulation of agribusiness sets the rules and creates a relatively equal competitive opportunities for all market participants. The state support though is directed to increase efficiency of the state regulation of all agricultural subjects, including small-scale farming. Classics of retrospective of market relations’ development have shown that the manufacturing business can be quite successful in a self-regulatory market. Later, the practice of using the Marxist economic theory revealed the insolubility of the contradictions in the functioning of the classical market model. The Paradigm of the Keynesian school has confirmed the contradictions of the classical equilibrium theory of the free market. In the result, the strategy of the industrial markets development has swept in the direction of the neo-conservative models of regulation. Today, the integration models that are using synthesis of state-and market-based regulatory instruments are remaining the philosophy of many Worlds’ developed economies. At the same time, in our agrarian economy, the balanced and equilibrium proportions of the development are absent, what requires greater state involvement in the regulation of the agribusiness growth. The authors believe that the latest Western sanctions provide additional opportunities for the development of domestic agricultural production. The state should actively use its capabilities in the development and strengthening of domestic agricultural production and access to foreign commodity markets. After achieving adequate competitive position providing sustainable economic growth of the agricultural economy, the intervention of state protectionism can be reduced and, simultaneously, the role of the liberal approaches should be increased
Development of monitoring of the behavior of
financial market, simulation, analysis, visualization,
prediction in modern conditions is connected with a
consistent increase in their level of formalization. The
basis for this process is the requirements of
significantly changed (in the direction of increasing)
stochastics, turbulence, volatility, financial and
economic processes. Particular relevance in the
analysis of behavior of economic time series elements
of the financial market is now becoming more
systematic development of diverse, interdependent and
mutually complementary economic and mathematical
models. The models are linked, they are operating on
the same source material, and their selection has
improved the representativeness of the algorithms of
modern economic processes of the financial market,
which is important for transformational (transitional)
market economies. In the article it is shown that the
proposed usage of instrumentation and mathematical
methods represent essentially new base for forecasting
of discrete evolutionary processes
Actual problems of development of the Russian
banking system are that banks institutions through the
implementation of their economic policies provide
effective and continuous steady growth of the national
economy. Innovative activity of banking institutions is
shown by their role in the system of social relations in
the framework of the expansion of demand for banking
products and services, the credit field and stimulating
economic growth. They are financial moderators of
economic growth. On the basis of these studies, the
inventors have proposed a classification of the
elements of the banking system with the release of the
federal and regional banks. The author's approach
allows expanding the understanding of
competitiveness, the penetration of financial services
in various sectors of the regional economy, as well as
their level of provision. The authors evaluated the
performance of the institutional saturation and
profitability of banking institutions, concentration of
assets, capital and households’ deposits. According to
the research developed by the prospects of
development of the regional banks in view of the
reform of the role of regional banks by the mega
regulator
Improvement of consistency and effectiveness of strategic planning and forecasting in modern conditions requires the development of the existing classifications of types of planning, strategies, forecasts and forecast methods. This work examines the introduction to problems of spectral analysis of the macroeconomic dynamics of worldwide and Russian sugar subcomplex. The article is devoted to forecasting the activities of integrated manufacturing systems of sugar subcomplex in agro industrial subcomplex. The article deals with aspects of practical application of economic-mathematical methods (based on spectral analysis) to control the economic parameters of the integrated industrial systems of the sugar subcomplex, oriented to meet the needs of the sugar production of the people not only of separate regions, but also of the country as a whole. Procedures of identifying and research of periodic components of the dynamics of the development of the agriculture segment are based on methods of spectral analysis of random processes. The study describes the performed experiments with various kinds of non-stationary time series of agricultural sector and food industry sugar subcomplex. The article provides examples of the results of numerical experiments the spectra of time series of sugar production, sown areas, gross harvest and yield of sugar beet and sugar cane across countries, systematic ideas and methods underlying the spectral analysis. The estimation of obtained results is given in article. The author’s algorithm for the adaptive method of spectral analysis was implemented in the context of a specific software product, named MS Excel. The results of the empirical research confirmed the possibility of practical use of developed models in forecasting possible scenarios for the development of sugar subcomplex in the interests of integrated production systems. The results are illustrated by numerous graphs based on real data. The projections of latent structures of sugar subcomplex by macroregions are built. It is revealed that each of the macroeconomic time series can contain at least from 2 to 13 harmonics (cycles) of different kind and strength of impact on the trend
The article reveals the essence of the institution of the company, which largely determines its sustainable functioning. It is noted that within the institution of the firm and under the influence of its essence, the type of management is formed. This, in many ways determines not only the development of individual firms, but also the economy and humanity as a whole.
In the work the most significant characteristics of the institute of modern firms are presented, they are based on traditional management. The following requirement is justified for modern firms: to learn change with the same speed as the surrounding environment. The authors describe the institutional components of the evolutionary organizations of the future: the most likely characteristics, structures, practices and processes. In the article, the conclusion is drawn that the new worldview, which is the basis of the corporate institution of evolutionary organizations of the future, will allow humanity to achieve by evolutionary path a level of development when all work for the good of all
Problems of formation and evaluation of the
feasibility of the plans and programs of development
of high-tech products aerospace are both relevant
and meaningful. To accelerate progress in the field
of production of innovative aviation technology we
have offered an improved method of program
planning, which has been extended with
comprehensive tools for identifying, assessing and
managing risks objectively exist in the field of
aeronautical engineering with a long life cycle. The
authors have reviewed the basis for the development
of plans and programs for the development of
modern aircraft, the basic stages of formation of
plans for its establishment; formulated
methodological principles for the definition to be
included in the work plans; built formalized
procedure to account risks arising from the
implementation of prepared plans. Practical use of
this new method and its tool for implementation will
improve the efficiency of the process of substitution
of imported aircraft equipment in the domestic
counterparts
In this article, we consider organizational and economic signs of leasing which will be coordinated with indicators of organizational efficiency. The work presents an ability of the company to exist and achieve definite purposes with a favorable ratio of results and expenses that is one of the main objectives of management. Efficiency of leasing operation is a way of increase in efficiency of functioning of the enterprise in general. Financial and economic signs of leasing are that financial instrument of the enterprise, which has to provide technical, organizational and overall economic efficiency of leasing process. The system of indicators can include as the generalizing characteristics of development and separated private for specification of conditions and extent of development. The main thing in this research – preservation of the general and only source of basic data and provisions and compliance of a research to his strategic direction, despite a variety of the detailing indicators. Calculations, which allow estimating the effect and the efficiency of leasing operations, take the important place in business management. Financially - economic indicators, which may be calculated using the developed techniques, are the cornerstone of these analytical researches and is an obligatory prerequisite of adoption of administrative decisions on negotiating according to the conclusion of leasing contracts or refusal of them
The article discusses the use of system approach in the disclosure of the mechanisms of systems organization as holistic entities. If the system obeys a normal distribution, it is influenced by accidental factors; therefore, it becomes less predictable and less controllable. Combining elements of the system in the first place means the establishment of relations between them and the appearance of integrity. As a necessary formal feature of the consistency (integrity) of the studied object we can use a Zipf-distribution. The presence of this regularity is a necessary condition for the existence of the system, and failure to do so means that is considered not an integral object, and some combination of spontaneously selected elements. Object is not an integral system in case of failure to do so means, but rather some combination random selected elements. The article presents the results of the use of methods of ranking analysis and mathematical statistics to assess the integrity of economic objects and to check their consistency. For analysis were used data on the sown area of 30 major crops for the period 1999-2015 years. Ranking distribution was built for the average values of acreage of crops, and it is fairly well described by a hyperbolic distribution, 73.5 percent of the cases the changes in the dependent variable depend on changes in explanatory variables. A deeper statistical analysis was conducted to test the joint implementation of the two hypotheses, first, that the data set does not obey the normal distribution law and, secondly, that the data are significantly interrelated, allows to make a statement about the affiliation of the studied General population data on the planting acreage of crops statistics Zipf-type. All the coefficients are statistically significant
The report on financial results is among the main forms
of financial statements of commercial organizations.
Annual report contains data for the reporting and prior
years received revenue-net cost of products sold gross
profit administrative and commercial costs, profit (loss)
from sales; it also includes: income from participation
in other entities; interest income; interest expense;
other income; other expenses; profit (loss) before
taxation current profit tax; change of deferred tax
obligations change of deferred tax assets other net
profit (loss). Reference in report: results of revaluation
of non-current assets not included in net profit (loss) of
the period results of other operations not included in
net profit (loss) for the period basic earnings (loss) per
share; diluted earnings (loss) per share. The report is
based on two fundamental principles – the method of
calculation and assumptions the continuity of the
organization. Its content transformed in accordance
with the format of the report, implemented the
international financial reporting standards - IFRS 1
"Presentation of financial statements". The value of the
statement of financial performance is determined by
their role as criteria of effectiveness and efficiency of
industrial - financial activities of business
organizations, the role of profit as source of financing
of expanded reproduction
The article notes a decrease in the overall quality level of crop production and deterioration of its consumer properties. The solution may be a transition to manufacture of non-polluting agricultural production. The author notes that under the prevailing market conditions, only improving the quality of products, using available resources, can improve competitiveness and ensure the survival of agricultural enterprises. The factors of the development of ecologically pure agro-industrial production, which are reflected in the economic efficiency of this activity, are considered. There is a potential for the development of environmentally friendly agricultural production in the Krasnodar Territory. The problems and measures to stimulate the production of environmentally friendly agricultural products are shown
In the article the questions of necessity and urgency
of increase of competitiveness of modern Russian
organizations are considered. A retrospective
analysis of the transformation of approaches to the
definition and content of such a concept as "the
competitiveness of an organization" was conducted.
As one of the tools to improve competitiveness, it is
proposed to use the technologies of personnel
management actively, which are in demand today in
all spheres of economic activity. The need for these
instruments is especially acute in the banking sector,
which differs from other sectors by increased nonprice
competition. The experience of using these
technologies is illustrated by the example of PJSC
"Sberbank of Russia", which for the past five years
has been pursuing a systematic policy of creating a
corporate culture, using a variety of tools for
motivating employees, their continuous learning and
capacity building. The Bank operates with such
levers of influence on its employees as corporate
training, the formation of a mentoring institute, the
selection and adaptation of new employees, an open
system of internal corporate communications, and
an assessment of the personal effectiveness of staff.
Corporate training provides online courses, allowing
you to track the increment of the intellectual capital
of the bank. Corporate culture of the bank becomes
one of the main sources of competitive advantage.
Maintaining a competitive salary level and
providing a good social package, implementing a
corporate value system are Sberbank's practical
activities aimed at uniting the work collective,
forming team spirit and striving to develop together
with the company. Thus, the authors have proved the importance of increasing the competitiveness of
employees as one of the key factors affecting the
performance of the organization as a whole
For the development of the agro-industrial complex, a real modernization of the economy is necessary, without which it is impossible to ensure the growth of labor productivity, the reduction of production resources and, as a consequence, the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of the industry. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the main elements of the investment policy are the adoption of legislation, regulating the investment process; providing investors with various financial and non-financial benefits and incentives; creation of organizational structures for investment promotion; development and examination of investment projects through public sources of financing; provision of guarantees to banks for the allocated funds for them to implement investment projects, selected on a competitive basis; accumulation of public funds through the issuance of municipal loans. The investment policy in the system of the agroindustrial complex should be aimed at ensuring a harmonious and balanced development of all parts of the complex, modernization of production capacities, increasing the efficiency of its use. As a result, the potential for advanced development will be formed; an effective system of public administration, conditions and incentives for the development of human capital, competitiveness of goods and services will be developed. Attraction of direct investments in development of industrial infrastructure will allow activating investment activity in the territory of the Krasnodar region. Investors are enabled to expect to receive tax benefits, subsidies and other government support measures, which will improve the investment attractiveness of the region
In this work, the authors investigate practice of
application of a program and a target method in
planning and management of the space industry. The
carried-out analysis has shown that modern methods
of formation of programs in space activity do not
correspond to the basic principles of program and
target planning. Programs of the leading
organizations of Roskosmos represent a set of
actions, which are poorly coordinated among
themselves. The purposes of the program are washed
away or not designated absolutely. Lack of definite
purposes of the program leads to problems in a result
assessment, to decrease in efficiency of use of
resources and lag in development from world
technological level. The country has already lost
leadership in the market of starting services,
problems with rendering communication services
and broadcasting are observed, the share of the
domestic space-rocket industry in the world market
of space services decreases. The authors suggest
considering a main objective of the program of
innovative development growth of competitiveness
of the domestic space-rocket industry measured in
increase in a share of the Russian production and
services in the world space market. The authors
believe that the country has the sufficient innovative
potential for reduction of lag from leaders of the
world space market
In the given article, the activities of Factory Afzelia are considered. The authors worked to briefly consider the economic characteristics of the business, including proposals on how to improve sales of finished goods, services and asset. The process of manufacturing products and getting them to market involves a combination of economic factors. The buyer, in turn, reimburses the cost of the products. Sale of the products made in accordance with the agreements or in order free sale directly to the public in market prices, which are defined as the prices prevailing in the region in the process of interaction between demand and supply of identical products market, and in the absence of it - in comparable economic (commercial) conditions. The buyer, in turn, reimburses the cost of the purchased products. Sale of products made in accordance with the concluded agreements or in order free sale procedure directly to the public at market prices, which are defined as the prices prevailing in the region in the process of interaction between demand and supply of identical products market, and in the absence of it - in comparable economic (commercial) conditions. Thus, the sale price, using as taxable base is the price of the transaction, determined by participants of the contract. This price is recognized market-oriented, unless it is proved otherwise. The burden of proof rests with the tax authorities. But, such rule is useful to apply by the sides of the contract to avoid further accrual of amounts of tax to the budget and the payment of interest amounts to not transferred amount
Small business is an important segment of the
economy of the state. However, today, there remains
a number of problems in the effective functioning of
small business organizations, including the lack of
adequate tools for information processing, necessary
to justify their development strategy. The article
presents a solution to the task of developing
functional requirements for an application that
automates the process of forming a business model of
small business organizations. The set of developed
requirements is represented by a set of diagrams "Use
Case Diagram", built using the unified modeling
language UML. It is shown, that the business model
is the main source of data for calculating the
efficiency indicators of business ideas, capital
investments, incomes and expenses. As a basic
approach to the development of the business model,
the template proposed by A. Osterwalder was chosen,
which was supplemented with the "Competitors
analysis" block. Thus, the improved business model
template will include the following processes:
"Project Value Proposal", "Design Consumer
Segments", "Design Sales Channels", "Design
Customer Relationship Technologies", "Design
Processes", "Design Resources", "Design partners",
"Analyze suppliers". Among the blocks of the
business model template, the key one ("Distribution
channels") is provided, which includes the calculation
of revenues and expenditures, performance indicators
for each sales channel, and their consolidated
representation in the overall business model
A variety of factors among which a special place is taken to the quality of lands influences the efficient functioning of agricultural organizations. Therefore, the study of methodical approaches to ensure the effective functioning of agricultural organizations taking into account the quality of lands is necessary to make balanced, economically substantiated administrative decisions. In the article there were defined the indicators of an integrated evaluation of the efficiency of functioning of agricultural organizations taking into account the quality of lands based on the account of key economic, technological and environmental parameters, providing an integrated picture of activities of these organizations for the rational use of all factors of production (land, labor, capital)
There were substantiated the urgency and the necessity of state regulation of domestic agrarian production under conditions of import substitution. There was implemented the systematization of scientific views on the issues of directions and instruments of state regulation of the agrarian sphere. There was conducted a complex analysis of the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural organizations in the Krasnodar region and there was assessed the effectiveness of the system of state support of agricultural production in the region. There were determined the actual trends of improving the functions of the state in the conditions of implementing the policy of import substitution and the need to strengthen the state regulation of the agricultural sector of the economy. There was revealed the content of factors limiting the interaction and mechanisms of coordination of components of the system of state regulation of the agrarian sphere of the regional economy. There were substantiated the priorities of the Krasnodar region which include the adaptation of normative-legal base to modern economic realities, the creation of a set of conditions for accelerated technical and technological modernization of production, the development of the institutional environment, the support of entrepreneurship, the promotion of private-state partnership, the accelerated formation of social and production infrastructure of rural areas
The article analyzes the problems which occur when a
HR-manager of a modern Russian company starts to
count return on investment in the field of human
resources development. The following problem areas are
identified in the article: insufficient financial education
of Russian HR-managers (even on top-positions);
challenges in personnel development results evaluation
(quantitative criteria); difficulties of HR risks
accounting, especially in the field of human resources
development. The article also touches upon the issue of
the competence of modern HR managers in the field of
financial analysis and investment analysis. The article
offers the ways to solve the problems listed above. Some
perspectives of financial competencies development for
Russian HR-managers are discussed. The main ways to
account HR risks by HR project investments evaluation
are offered. On the basis of contemporary theories the
authors suggest some quantitative criteria for human
resources development
The article is devoted to the analysis of efficiency of use of fixed assets on the example of the specific organization. The considered analytical indicators are calculated for the acting economic entity, which is engaged in agriculture in both crop production and livestock production. Offers regarding horticulture improvement are developed. The project of an intensive garden is offered for increase in economic feasibility of use of fixed assets. Taking into account that intensive gardening has long been embedded in the agricultural organizations of the Krasnodar region, as it is rather profitable, it is not being used in the studied economic entity now. The initial investments into the project of planting of an intensive garden are calculated on the basis of the free land resources which are available for the organization, and the return on investment is also estimated on the basis of calculation of profitability of the offered project. The theoretical review of the chosen offer on introduction of technology of intensive gardening has shown that such investment does not require huge financial expenses, but ensures high and rather quick for agriculture payback. It is known that each approach to consideration of a specific situation has its advantages and disadvantages, but the analysis of efficiency of use of fixed assets has shown that there are real prospects for this project to be introduced in the organization. Thus, introduction of technology of intensive gardening is effective for the studied economic entity
The relevance of the article is because the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have to pursue an active debt policy in order to strengthen the financial autonomy of the regions, search funds for the implementation of regional social programs, programs of modernization and innovation. However, this policy leads to the significant accumulation of public debts by a number of regions, major increase in the debt burden on the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, violation of debt sustainability parameters. The author's interpretation of "debt sustainability of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation" concept is given. The performed comparison of the amounts and dynamics of the debt for the constituent entities with these entities’ security costs by their own income let us highlight the periods of intensifying debt activity of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The inverse relation between absolute growth of the public debt of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and entities’ security costs by their own income is also established. The range assessment of violation of Russian budget legislation by the regional authorities with respect to regulatory compliance of debt burden on the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation is given. The conclusion on irrationality of the current debt structure of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in ensuring entities’ debt sustainability is made. A number of doubts concerning the adequacy of mechanism (proposed by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation) that improves debt sustainability of regions and upgrades the penalties of regional authorities for its debt policies were expressed. This is because all the possibilities of operating mechanism were not implemented
A comprehensive assessment of the state of the agro-industrial complex of Russia is given and its role in ensuring national food security is defined. The main directions of ensuring state food sovereignty in the conditions of global challenges are substantiated. The scheme of interaction between the world and national agroindustrial complex is presented. The main tasks of development of the agrarian sector of the economy are formulated: the growth of production per capita; ensuring physical and economic accessibility of food in the required quality and assortment. It was revealed that the volume of production of basic food products in Russia in 2015 did not reach the indicators of 1990, and the consumption of basic food products in Russia by individual items is significantly lower than the recommended rate. Deficiency of a diet of the population of the country on vegetables and melons, fruit, milk and dairy products is established. The expediency of reforming the agrarian sphere of the Russian economy is proved, including its accelerated adaptation to global challenges. They include geopolitical tensions, deterioration in the external economic environment and a reduction in external demand, mutual economic sanctions, fluctuations in inflation indices, and a reduction in consumer demand. It was concluded that for the increase in the efficiency of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex and the strengthening of national food security, technical and technological modernization of production, improvement of the mechanisms of state support, active development of the innovation environment are needed
Social Sciences and Humanities
The basic terms important for the linguistic and
cultural studies analysis such as "word picture of a
character" and “linguistic and cultural character type”
are described in the article altogether with the analysis
of the relationship between these concepts as
exemplified in the novel "The Godfather" by M. Puzo.
The cultural component of literary texts focuses on the
cross-cultural pragmatics, underlining the method of
linguistic and cultural character type modelling as it is
a personalized artistic concept with an intertextual
character. The research highlighted that the given
method draws excessive attention to common features
of the considered characters, therefore, partially ignoring
certain characteristics possessed by individual
characters. There are good reasons to add the research
of the word picture of the character as a part of the
individual author world picture to the method. The
article explains the rationale of a contaminated term
"linguistic and cultural image" as the best one explains
the individually expressed features of character,
ethnoculturaly determined
This article was written in the mainstream of modern
Lingua-pragmatic research and is dedicated to the
analysis of keywords from the point of view of the
degree of their semantic significance for representation
of intensions of the producer text. The study was made
on a material of texts of a search queries. The choice
of this type of Internet communication is due, first of
all, to the fact that the search query is a text consisting
entirely of keywords. The main methods studies, were
continuous sampling of the material, linguistic
experiment and semantic and communicative analysis.
The article raises the question of the hierarchy of
keywords in the structure of the search query. The
author suggests criteria for classifying keywords,
develops a technique for analyzing the search query in
a communicative aspect. The division of the search
query into more and less significant components is due
to the communicative and pragmatic intention of the
author of the text. Particular attention is paid to the
difficulties arising in the analysis of requests in which
the producer's intention is not clearly expressed. The
results of the research are important for understanding
the linguistic essence of the keyword, the principles of
the formation of search queries and can be used in the
analysis of keywords in different types of texts
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article describes the main directions of the civil
service reform in the Russian Federation. An analysis
is made of the causes and consequences of changes
introduced to the legislation at the present stage of
development of Russian society
In the article the authors analyze the state of crime
prevention in special legal literature, with analyses
certain provisions of the criminal procedure code of
Russia, allowing carrying out the preventive activities
of the investigator during the investigation of criminal
cases. In particular, the authors discuss the actual
activities of the investigator in relation to the
investigation of illicit trafficking in drugs. In the
scientific article we have taken into account the views
of famous scientists: R. S. Belkin, S. A. Solunskogo,
A. N. Kolesnichenko, I. A. Vozgrin, I. I. Ivanov and
others
The article deals with a new type of crime –
physical assault committed by a person brought to
the administrative punishment. The research is
referring to meaning, base and measure of criminal
liability. The authors are analyzing the positions of
scientists and practitioners about making this
amendment in Russian Criminal Code
In the article, the author analyzes the aspects of the
investigative activity of the investigator to locate the
stolen property, provides the scientific approaches to
the structure and content of investigative versions; the
authors assess the relationship of the investigative
versions and typical investigative situations; propose
the algorithms of actions of the investigator in tracing
stolen property with regard to various investigative
situations
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article presents the possibilities of the GeoGebra dynamic geometry environment which can be used for conducting experimental research work. Computer experiment as a method of research serves to discover new knowledge, to test hypotheses, to involve students in the active process of learning new material. Freely-distributed GeoGebra's dynamic geometry environment which has a Russian version and a friendly interface that can be conveniently used both in classrooms and at home, is chosen as a computer technology for implementing a computer experiment. There are described possibilities of the tools used to implement the computer experiment. Among them are tools for detecting the metric and positional features of the object, obtaining information about the relationship between metric and positional features of objects, a parametrical task of changes of size, creation of experimental data tables. The experimental capabilities of the GeoGebra dynamic geometry environment are revealed by the examples of solving some elementary geometry problems about the simplest of polygons - a triangle that attracted the attention of both ancient scientists (Menelaus and others) and scientists who are closer to our time (Euler, Poncelet et al. ). Capabilities of the system for creating dynamic drawings, tables of experimental data and their application in conducting research work are demonstrated on the example of Menelaus' theorem presented in a more accessible form than in the textbook of geometry 10th -11th forms (authors L.S. Atanasyan, V. F. Butuzov, etc.)
The urgency of the problem of improving the
economic education of students is justified, there are
considered features of its resolution in informatics
training in the higher school. The relevance of
research on improving the economic education of
students is due to a number of factors: the need for the
development of small and medium-sized businesses in
Russia; The need to ensure the competitiveness of
graduates; The need to prevent the numerous financial
problems that arise in young people due to their
economic illiteracy, etc. In the global plan, the work to
improve the economic education of students is called
upon to contribute to the formation of a national
philosophy of "self-reliance". In many countries of the
world such work in educational institutions is carried
out both as independent subjects, and within the
framework of existing subjects studied in educational
institutions. It is asserted that the information
education of high school students can and should make
a definite contribution to the realization of each of the
social functions of economic consciousness:
enlightened, developing, educational, organizing,
aesthetic and prognostic. It is substantiated that with
information preparation it is most expedient to form
one of such functions - prognostic. It is worthwhile to
solve this problem based on the methodology of role
information modeling
This article is dedicated to the specialties of extra
English education in the frame of a non-linguistic
technical university. It can be represented by various
courses, which imply teaching from the elementary to
the advanced level. The types, contents and motivation
component are defined in the article. The material is
chosen according to the courses’ level, students’
abilities, and demands of a modern society. All types
of speech activity are worked at in these courses,
professional component and international standards of
mastering the English language are being taken into
consideration
The main structural units of the University are
departments; the results of their work influence the
quality of knowledge, skills and competence of
graduates and the image of the University. The article
reveals the reasons of unproductive interaction of the
departments with divisions, providing educational
process; it also discusses suggestions that will improve
the performance of the main indicators of assessment
of the efficiency of activities of the University. It is
shown, that a systematic approach is the basis in the
organization of work of structural divisions of the
University, but it is difficult to implement, if managers
and supervisors do not have authority. To improve the
quality of graduates and their demand in the labor
market, it requires exempting the Department from
administrative work. These functions can be redirected
to the management, departments and services with
modern electronic information processing system. To
achieve high results in training in-demand graduates is
possible when the offices and the departments will
work as a team with the lecturers, in cooperation and
understanding
Health Sciences
While studying the content of hypoxia-inducible factor
1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in the
tumor tissue, oral fluid and peripheral blood of 141
patients with oral mucosa cancer T1-3N0-2M0, it was
shown that the development of purulent inflammatory
postoperative complications in patients with oral
mucosa cancer is associated with an increased
expression of HIF-1α in the tissue and its translocation
from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, activation of the
neoangiogenesis processes. It is informative to
determine HIF-1α factor in the blood serum, which,
for further development, can be used as a non-invasive
diagnostic marker to predict the postoperative course
in this category of patients
Social Sciences and Humanities
The author carried out a research about folk motifs in
maiden headwear in the Russian north. The author
finds out that headwear is an important part of
women’s clothing that reflected aging and social
changes in the lives of Russian women. Headwear had
certain elements of the Upper world– the sun, water,
goddess outstretching their hands into the sky. The
author found out that a lot of attention was attached to
a human head in women’s headwear: it had solar
symbol on most of the embroidery (a radiant disk).
If there were five elements on maiden’s bands, it was
an indicator of a child-bearing age and often was
followed by a marriage. A decorative element with 5
beams and female bodies with outstretched hands
indicated her maidenhood, a connection with the sun
and upper gods. Seven fragments of this pattern at the
top point to child- bearing goddess; 7 pointy lines on
the top on the headwear in the Russian north.
The author also explains the meaning behind motifs
on the headwear which represents a cosmologic
system; it emphasizes the connection with the
Universe. The author concludes that those motifs also
revealed a complex nature of human outlook as helped
ward off sinister forces. The symbols are multifaceted
and require profound understanding. The structure per
se expresses in every component a complex nature of
the world