№ 130(6), June, 2017
Date issued: 30.06.2017
Physical Sciences and Engineering
In this work, a model is developed to describe the
formation of streamers, plasmoid, and ball lightning in a
conducting medium. To describe the contribution of the
conductivity currents, we modified the standard
electrostatic equation taking into account the vortex
component of the electric field. As a result of this
generalization, a system of parabolic-type nonlinear
equations is formulated that describes the formation of
streamers, plasma long-lived formations and ball
lightning. As is known, in laboratories it is possible to
create a plasmoid with a lifetime of 300-500 ms and a
diameter of 10-20 cm, which is interpreted as a ball
lightning. With high-speed photography, a complex
structure is detected, consisting of a plasmoid and
surrounding streamers. Within the framework of the
proposed model, problems are posed about the formation
of a plasmoid and the propagation of streamers in an
external electric field. In this model, the plasmoid is
considered to be a long-lived streamer. The range of
parameters in which a plasmoid of spherical shape is
formed is indicated. It is established that there are three
streamer branching mechanisms. The first mechanism is
related to the instability of the front, which leads to the
separation of the head of the streamer into two parts. The
second mechanism is associated with the instability of
the streamer in the base region, which leads to the
branching of the streamer with the formation of a large
number of lateral streamers closing the main channel of
the streamer to the cathode. In numerical experiments,
the third branching mechanism observed in experiments
connected with the branching of the plasmoid in the
cathode region with the closure of the space charge to
the anode through the streamer system was observed.
The results of modeling the evolution of globular
clusters in a scale of hundreds of milliseconds are given.
Plasma exchange recharge modes leading to the
formation of a positive or negative charge of the system
are found
The inverse matrix for the square matrix A of order n
with coefficients of some field exists, as it is known
then and only then, when its determinant is not equal to
zero. If the matrix A has a certain type (certain
structure), then an inverse matrix A-1 should not have
exactly the same structure. Therefore, it is interesting
to describe such square matrices A, which have an
inverse matrix A-1, having the same structure as the
matrix A, under certain conditions. For example, a
subdiagonal matrix with nonzero elements on the main
diagonal has an inverse matrix over a field of
characteristic zero, having also the form of subdiagonal
matrix. Similarly, an inverse matrix towards
symmetrical or skew-symmetric matrix is also
symmetric or skew-symmetric accordingly. Also, the
matrix inverse to non-degenerate (nonsingular)
circulant will be a circulant itself, and finally, the
matrix inverse to nonsingular quasdiagonal matrix D
will be quasdiagonal itself, and will have the same
partitioned structure as D. Thus, there is a problem of
determining these types of nonsingular matrices that
have an inverse matrix of the same type as a given
matrix. In line with this problem in the present study it
is determined such type of matrices for which an
inverse matrix has the same type, at that the conditions
are identified in explicit form, ensuring the
nonsingularity of the matrix. The matrices of three
orders are shown in detail. These results allow
determining the characteristics of fields over which
there are inverse matrices of the considered types
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The аrticle is devoted to study of adsorption of enzymes, antioxidants contained in horseradish root on starch to create enterosorbent with anti-oxidant properties. For this goal we have studied adsorption isotherm calculated constants, thermodynamic parameters (change of enthalpy, entropy, and isobaric-isothermal potential); sorption kinetics of enzyme-antioxidants on starch and calculate the main characteristics. The method of producing of enterosorbent - antioxidant on based starches has been developed based on the experimental data. The ready sorbent is a white powder having no taste and smell. In biological fluids and water, it is insoluble. The enterosorbent on starch does not dissolve in water and biological fluids. It is the solid component. This enterosorbent can be used to protect the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals against a wide variety of oxidants and peroxide. The results of this work will form the basis for the study of the antioxidant properties of the resulting enterosorbent. The results showed that during the tests, the enterosorbent on the starch showed good antioxidant properties. It has high antioxidant activity with respect to hydrogen peroxide
Life Sciences
The article presents the data on vitality and age
structure of Beckmannia syzigachne and
Calamagrostis langsdorffii соеnopopulations under
conditions of the Lena-Viluy interfluve. The study
revealed 3 types of vitality of Beckmannia syzigachne
(prosperous, equilibrium, and depressive), 2 types of
vitality of Calamagrostis langsdorffii (prosperous and
depressive). The age spectrum in both species is
normal, non-complete, left-sided. According to the
delta-omega classification, the coenopopulations are
considered to be young
The article gives an analysis of the elemental
composition in raw materials of stevia. Stevia plant is
able to regulate the flow of heavy metals, allowing
them, on the one hand, actively oppose the excessive
intake of toxic elements and on the other hand,
selectively cumulate essential elements. The contents
of essential elements in plant raw materials do not
exceed the acceptable standards regardless of the
growing conditions
The author describes the dynamics of commercial
catches and the forecasts of pikeperch catch in 2010-
2016 with an analysis of the causes that affect the
state of stocks. The analysis of the effectiveness of
the recommended pikeperch catch has been made
taking into account the factors that affected the
fishery. Researches were carried out to study the
population structure, seasonal distribution, migrations
and other characteristics of the pikeperch populations
in the Azov limans. The obtained data made it
possible to assess the state of the pikeperch stocks
and give recommendations on their rational use.
Based on the results of ichthyological studies, the
pikeperch age, length and weight composition have
been determined and its biological state has been
studied. The preliminary forecast of the stocks and
the recommended pikeperch catch in the Azov limans
for 2018 is given. The forecast of the recommended
pikeperch catch in the Azov limans for 2018 is based
on the analysis of the stocks of commercial fish
species for a number of years of observations, taking
into account the total mortality rate under the
influence of the fishery load (commercial mortality
coefficient) and the amount of replenishment of
commercial population with fish mature for the first
time
The article gives the results of the study of an effect of
mechanochemical powder of wood green of Abies
(MPA) on potato morphogenesis in vitro. The study
involved the hormone-free nutrient mediums (MS, ½
B5, ½ LS) for growing microcuttings from preliminary
obtained aseptic plants. Plant morphogenesis was
observed on the 15th and 30th days. At that, the number
of developed shoots, plant height, leaves number,
rhizogenesis rates, root number and length were
estimated. MPA appeared to have the regulatory effect
on morphogenesis of potato microcuttings. Based on mineral composition of the nutrient agar medium for
potato microcuttings growing, MPA at 100 mg/l
concentration induced root development (½ B5
medium), reduced height of shoots (MS medium),
while the number of leaf blades was not affected
The study concerns the results of the study of
coenopopulations of the following Fabaceae species:
Medicago falcata, Oxytropis candicans, and
Onobrychis arenaria under conditions of the Middle
Lena River. The study was conducted in Yakutsk
vicinities, 13 km north-east of the city. It is stated that
all the studied coenopopulations are normal. Rather
small values of substitution and recovery indices
evidence certain problems in self-maintaining
processes. The age structure analysis using two age
indices, “delta” and “omega”, allows to classify the
coenopopulations of Medicago falcata, Oxytropis
candicans and Onobrychis arenaria in phytocoenoses
of the Lena River valley as normal young populations.
They were prevailed by juvenile, immature, virginile,
and young reproductive plants
We have presented information about species diversity
of the coastal zoobenthos in some of Karasun lakes,
Krasnodar. We have shown methodology information
and reported the research area. We have made a
taxonomic analysis. The biomass and the quantity of
the main zoobenthos groups were calculated. Based on
the two main fodder objects - Olygochaeta and
Chironomidae and the P/B coefficient, there was
calculated zoobenthos production of the studied lakes.
The potential fish capacity was defined
Physical Sciences and Engineering
There are three main growth points of modern information technologies: global network and mobile communication, advanced human-machine interfaces, intelligent technologies. As it is known, the system (synergistic) effect is usually observed in multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary researches. This means that an interesting direction of research and development is located at the overlap of these three promising areas, namely: advanced interfaces in the global mobile networks, advanced intelligent interfaces and the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the Internet and mobile communications. In addition, a particularly high relevance goes to the development and application prospective of intelligent interfaces to the Internet and mobile communications. The Internet intellectualities gradually, it turns from non-local storage of large data (big data) in information space that contains meaningful big data, i.e. "great information" (great info), and then in the space of knowledge or "cognitive space" in which most information is actively used to achieve goals (management) and turns into the "great knowledge" (great knowledge). There are more sites devoted to artificial intelligence, free databases for machine learning (UCI, Kaggle, and others) and even on-line intelligent applications, and interfaces used in the Internet are improving. Recently, there was an acquisition of company Oculus, which is the world's leading developer and manufacturer of ammunition of virtual reality by the developer of one of the first global social networking Facebook - Mark Zuckerberg. However, students and scientists still do not notice that open, scalable, interactive, intelligent on-line environment for learning and researches already exists and operates, based on automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its programmatic Toolkit – intellectual "Eidos" and the author's website. This article is an original presentation and it is designed to familiarize potential users with the capabilities of this environment
A computer program, as an information system, is designed to fill in the daily form that simulates the form of SP 20. This document indicates the number of livestock, the feed consumption limit by species and sex and age groups per head and the total limit for a month for all livestock. The computer program is created on the basis of an Excel spreadsheet, which is easily mastered by the user (accountant, accountant, manager). The computer program is developed using the VBA language, which allows you to automate all computing operations for data processing. The user enters only known initial data (cattle groups, species and number of feeds)
Modern conditions of production and business activities dictate the requirements for compliance and environmental protection and natural resource management. To fulfill this requirement, enterprises related to I-III category, are obliged to carry out industrial environmental control. This article covers theoretical bases of the organization of production control for the enterprise category III; we have also reviewed the sequence of actions of the enterprises to the organization for this type of control. The object of study is a car service enterprise. This article provides approximate content of the main sections of the documentation on organization of industrial environmental control and provides recommendations on creation of environmental car service enterprises. The approach for organization of production environmental control and offered samples of the documentation can be widely used in various industries
Numerous studies confirming the effectiveness of the
use of the ozone-air mixture in various fields of
agricultural production lead to an increase in demand
for devices that generate ozone. With the increase in
demand, the requirements for these devices also
increase. Requirements from customers can be
combined in the following series: mobility, ease of
operation, ability to smoothly control performance.
The solution of these tasks is an important scientific
and technical task. This article describes possible
options for power supplies for ozone generators, and
offers a power supply circuit with the ability to adjust
the frequency, the duty cycle and the amplitude of the
signal arriving at the discharge gap of the ozonizer.
Using this scheme will reduce the mass-size
indicators of the ozonizer, thereby increasing its
mobility, in addition, it will be possible to accurately
regulate its performance and improve efficiency. If
necessary, with the help of the proposed scheme, it is
possible to introduce the ozone generator into the
electric resonance mode, which will allow obtaining
the maximum productivity of the ozonator. Thus, the
ozonizer, equipped with the proposed power scheme,
can be used in various technological processes of the
same enterprise
The article considers the model of granulometric
composition of foundry dust. We used the method of
particle size analysis, which is based on the dependence
between the size and the velocity of a body under the
action of gravitational or centrifugal forces.
Determination of granulometric composition of the given
sample of powder was made using the laser diffraction
method, implemented on a laser particle analyzer, Fritsch
NanoTec “ANALISETTE 22”. A model of dust particle
size distribution has been obtained
This article is devoted to the implementation of the process approach in the OSH at a machine building enterprises. The approaches to the construction of process system have been considered, taking into account the open nature of certain system and methodological recommendations developed for QMS processes. Processes of OSH are a part of the general processes system of the machine-building enterprise. However, there is no clear a division of the necessary processes into managerial and main production, in any existing standards, supporting and auxiliary processes. In the article, known schemes of OSH processes are considered and a variant of the scheme is developed which meets all the requirements of the interested parties, influence of the external and internal environment of the enterprise, risks and opportunities. A variant of the decomposition of the process of system functioning with the allocation of subprocesses of the first, second and third levels
The article compares various hypotheses that explain the mechanisms of the influence of the magnetic field with different characteristics on liquids, physico-chemical and biological systems. Physical effects that cause specific biological activity of water (magnetic treatment of water, production of thawed water, degassing, etc.) make water be metastable or non-equilibrium states. Water attracts the attention of researchers as a likely universal mediator in the transmission of electromagnetic field signals to the biological level. Water is involved in a variety of chemical and metabolic reactions, so the question about the ability to change the properties of water and solutions under the influence of fields of different nature: an electromagnetic field with different frequencies, with different combinations of field orientations (parallel constant and variable magnetic field, slope fields, rotating magnetic fields, magnetic fields close to zero and electric fields) arises. At the heart of existing methods for treating liquids lie methods that use the energy of the acoustic and magnetic fields, as well as complex methods of influencing the electromagnetic field in combination with thermal heating, pressure change, etc. The analysis of existing hypotheses about the mechanisms of the influences of fields of a different nature on the treated liquid makes it possible to put forward a hypothesis about the possibility of the joint influence of the acoustic and magnetic fields on the liquid by means of the acoustic and magnetic device
We have presented technical solutions of an energy
supplying complex of apiary based on a solar plant,
which ensure its functioning in the winter. Various
aspects of the influence of the snow cover on the
functioning of the complex are considered in the
article. The favorable effect of the snow cover includes
increasing the diffuse insolation, improving the
thermal insulation of the building for placement of
bees, which protects bee families from fluctuating
external temperature. The negative effect of the snow
cover includes adherence of snow to the receiving
surfaces of solar energy converters, which can lead to
decreasing the efficiency of using of photovoltaic
modules and solar collectors. Both active and passive
methods of combating snow sticking are suggested in
article. Passive methods include installation of solar
energy converters at an angle close to 90°, as well as
their placement on the windward side. The simulation
of the functioning of the complex based on a solar
plant was conducted for climatic conditions of the
Republic of Mari El (the time interval – from 14
October to 14 April, a photovoltaic module area – 1,3
m
2
with installation angles of 72˚ and 88˚). Because of
the simulation, we obtained graphs of the changing the
power of the photovoltaic module. Active methods
include air injection onto the receiving surfaces of
solar energy converters and using of heating elements
This article is devoted to the review of existing
separation equipment. The principle of operation and
advantages of a modern design of a centrifugal-vortex
separator is described. The technique of repairing and
modernization of obsolete separation equipment is
described
TO THE APPLICATION OF THE SEVEN TOOLS OF QUALITY CONTROL IN HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The article notes the importance of identifying and
taking into account factors affecting the quality of the
educational process. To solve these problems the
collection, processing and analysis of various data are
required. In higher educational institutions, it can be
achieved reasonably and conveniently using the
application of "seven tools of quality control".
Differences between civil and military institutions of
higher learning determine not only the features of the
educational process, methods for achieving quality of
teaching, but also the specificity of the "quality"
understanding. This article discusses and explains the
use of three of the seven tools of quality education
control in the higher military educational institutions.
According to the authors, the specificity of these
institutions is more close collaboration between the
processes of the quality management system (QMS) in
comparison with civilian educational institutions. In
military academies when the causes of
nonconformities in the educational process are
eliminated, the processes of the cadets’ "second half of
the day" are simultaneously improving. In this regard,
the scheme of processes, process maps and other
documents of the QMS of the military institution will
be significantly different from similar documents of
the civil. The forms of checklists proposed in the
article, the methods of applying the Pareto and
Ishikawa diagrams are of an applied nature
In the article, we give examples of practical realization of the implementation of industrial environmental control for service centers. In order to conduct environmental activities at production environmental control there was developed appropriate documentation, with instructions of the list and timing of the events. Due to the organization of production environmental control at the enterprise of the service center there was a timely opportunity to implement environmental activities, and solve problems in the field of ecology detectable in the control period. To solve problems identified in the implementation of industrial environmental control, the car service enterprise took measures to ensure efficient wastewater treatment, equipped closed places and recycling. The article provides general insights about the necessity and appropriateness of the organization of industrial environmental control. Principles of organization and implementation of industrial environmental monitoring outlined in this article can be applied by enterprises of various economic activities
To date, a necessary condition for progress in the field
of information technology is wide adoption of
standards and technologies of information systems
used for hardware and software products. Building
software of computing and information systems, based
on the ideology of open systems, allows to solve
successfully the problem of software portability on
platforms of various manufacturers, the problem of
interchangeability of components and, most
importantly, ensures the integration of devices and
users in a variety of computing and telecommunication
networks. It should be emphasized the fact that to date
the successful implementation of any significant
projects in the field of information and computer
technology, management of information and
telecommunications is not possible without
coordination of development with existing standards in
the field of information systems and, in some cases,
the development of new standards. In the transition to
a unified computing telecommunications systems
principles of information systems form the basis of
technology integration, the establishment of sectoral,
regional and national information infrastructures and
their interactions on a global scale. Therefore, we can
conclude that the technology of information systems
today is the working environment in which there is a
development priority
It is known, that the voltage deviation from the
nominal value leads to a change in the technical
characteristics of the equipment and may cause a
violation of their working ability, including leading to
an emergency. The article deals with the known
structural diagram of single-phase voltage stabilizers
of AC power, the peculiarities of their work and their
disadvantages. To improve the performance
characteristics of single-phase AC voltage stabilizers,
we have proposed a functional scheme of the
stabilizers performed on transformers,
autotransformers and optosymistors. The article
considers features of the proposed circuit voltage
stabilizers. To stabilize three-phase voltage we have
proposed using a three-phase stabilizer. In this case, to
improve the reliability of the reserve there may be a
single-phase stabilizer, which automatically connects
to the appropriate phase at malfunction of one of the
working electronic voltage stabilizers. To stabilize
three-phase voltage, a stabilizer can be made based on
the three-phase transformer. In comparison with the
use of a single-phase stabilizer in a three-phase
system, the voltage stabilizer will have improved
weight and overall dimensions. To significantly
improve the technical characteristics of voltage
stabilizers, working in the autonomous power supply
systems, it is possible only through the use of modern
mathematical apparatus, allowing to simulate the
physical processes in power circuits of stabilizers in
nominal and emergency modes of operation
The article provides an overview of Express-methods
of quality evaluation and identification of lipidcontaining
plant raw materials (oil seeds) and its
processed products (oil cakes, oilseed meals, vegetable
oils, lecithins) using pulse method of nuclear magnetic
resonance. Development of express methods of quality
evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant
raw materials and products of its processing is a
priority, as these methods are environmentally safe and
also allow us to regulate technological conditions of
refining processes, are characterized by low error of
determination, i.e., high precision, and, in some cases,
it is only possible to use because of its non-destructive
effects on the analyzed sample. Currently, we can
distinguish the following main directions of quality
evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant
raw materials and products of its processing on the
basis of the pulse method of nuclear magnetic
resonance: assessment of quality and identification of
oilseeds (sunflower, canola, flax, soybeans);
evaluation of quality of products of processing of oil raw materials (cake and meal); the quality evaluation
and identification of vegetable oils; assessment of the
quality of the lecithins obtained from vegetable oils.
The methods of quality evaluation and identification of
lipid-containing plant raw materials and its products
are patented and have several advantages: short time (5
minutes) spent on the implementation of the single
analysis; eliminates the use of toxic chemicals; does
not require special training of laboratory personnel;
non-destructive character, which is especially
important for oilseeds from the point of view of
breeding work. On the basis of the conducted survey
we can conclude that the pulse method of nuclear
magnetic resonance has found wide application for
assessment of quality and identification of lipidcontaining
plant raw materials and products of its
processing, through rapid capabilities, high accuracy
and ease of analysis
In this article, we consider approaches to the transfer
of knowledge to students and an objective
semiautomatic assessment of knowledge. The
characteristic features of the application and the
possibility of using cognitive training methodologies
and complex systems for testing skills and the
theoretical base of trainees are analyzed. The
problems of development of this direction and
possible ways of their solution are described. The
basic concepts are introduced and the existing
methods of calculating the average score for
checking the student's knowledge are considered,
and a new approach to solving this problem is
proposed. Based on the conducted researches it is
offered to use the complex system of testing of end
users, which includes testing, monitoring, collecting,
analyzing and displaying the results of
students/groups/ course. The main requirements for
the creation of such a complex and the rules to be
followed are formulated for a more objective
assessment of knowledge. A model of an integrated
modular system for objective semi-automatic testing
of knowledge through testing is described
Automation of productions is a necessary condition of reduction of losses for processing enterprises. Any automated system contains subsystems, each of which solves specific objectives, being at the same time accessory of all system. Therefore, when starting designing a system of acceptance and processing of raw materials, it is necessary to define the importance of result of the solution of each task for increase in efficiency of a production cycle. In the article we present results of expert polls of experts – wine makers for definition of problems of automation of processes in the plants of primary winemaking
This article describes the experience in the
development and implementation of the method of
qualimetric evaluation of contractors based on the
application of the methodology of multicriteria rating.
The introduction of the qualimetric assessment into the
practice of management activities allows reducing the
risks of selecting unreliable contractors, to increase the
efficiency of construction and investment companies,
and their competitiveness in the construction services
market
The article formulates and solves the task of discrete
control in the thermophilic stage of the composting
process. It is shown, that considering the relay control
entity to maintain specified process conditions requires
the organization of the sliding mode. We have solved the
problem of minimizing the temperature deviation of the
substrate from the set values and the deviation of the
oxygen concentration in the gas phase of the bioreactor
from the specified values. The article shows an algorithm
to compute the discrete control of the composting
process in the thermophilic stage. This article was
prepared in the framework of the scientific project 16-
48-230441 a(R) "Mathematical modeling of the
processes occurring in the automated installation for
year-round production of organic fertilizers in the
conditions of the Krasnodar region", financed by RFBR
and the administration of the Krasnodar region
The intense rhythm of people's lives in many countries has led to the need to develop and produce «fast food» products. They include dry breakfasts of a porous macrostructure in the form of rods, bars, and flakes, made from cereals, legumes, potatoes and dried fruits. Over the past 10 years, ready-to-eat foods that do not require heat treatment have become popular, the range of breakfast cereals has significantly increased, air grains, pads with filling, asterisks and rings have appeared. The global trend of consumption of slowly digestible carbohydrates predominates. Corn flakes and blown grain began to be used as supplements to soup instead of toast, served for tea and coffee. However, the problem of making and marketing specialized dry breakfasts has not yet been fully solved. The aim of the research is to expand the range of specialized dry breakfasts for people with high physical and mental loads. The tasks of modernizing technology and equipment for the production of dry breakfasts were solved. The methods of preparation for extrusion of easily oxidized in the air raw nuts were developed. Formulations of dry breakfasts for people with high physical and mental loads were developed. The objects of the research are analysis of existing technological schemes, grain, fruit and nut raw materials. We used classical methods of research to determine the composition of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates, as well as modern instrumental methods for assessing the qualitative composition of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products. The research results include the modernization of technology and equipment for the production of breakfast cereals. Formulations of ready-made breakfast cereals with the addition of cereals, dry fruits and nuts have been developed, in order to improve the quality characteristics and nutritional value of the extrudates. The proposed technology and developed recipes are promising for introduction into production
The article describes the modeling process of the
heating system operation of a livestock-breeding
complex. It presents graphs reflecting the influence of
technological parameters of heat supply system of
cattle-breeding complex with a catalytic combustion
device on the parameters of energy efficiency of the
system and the parameters characterizing the stability
of the temperature conditions in the livestock sector
In this work, we have analyzed the multiple
literary sources and summarized the material
regarding beet dietary fibers. Their composition,
physicochemical, physicomechanical and
hygrothermal properties were studied. The study of
the particle-size distribution showed that the
content of the insoluble fraction exceeded the
content of the soluble fractions in all the samples.
The use of the secondary products of processing of
the plant raw material is also critical; they allow
improving the preventive properties of products
and enriching them with dietary fibers, protein, and
mineral elements. The properties and quality of the
raw material are, to the large extent, determined by
and depend upon its granulometric composition,
that is, upon the size of particles that compose this
object. The authors determined the granulometric
composition of the studied nutritional supplements.
It was found out that the use of the combination of
the impacts together with the abrading impact led
to the intensification of the process, a decrease in
the milling time and the uniformity of the obtained
granulometric composition. The choice of the
vertical mill as milling equipment in combination
with the metal balls added to it to increase the
efficiency of milling and uniformity of the
granulometric composition of beetroot fibers was
proved experimentally
In agricultural production, the direction of introduction
of renewable energy for power consumers remote from
the external electrical network is relevant. Here,
prospects are revealed in front of the solar PV stations.
One of the main functional units of solar power is
inverters that convert the DC voltage of the solar
panels into alternating current. The article describes
the advantages and disadvantages of the main methods
of voltage regulation of the autonomous inverters of
solar photovoltaic power plants. We have proposed
new structural designs of autonomous voltage
inverters, described their advantages, features of
design and operation for voltage stabilization. We
suggest stand-alone inverters designed using high
frequency link, which will significantly improve mass
and dimensions parameters of the converter. Due to the
use of single-phase transformer with a rotating
magnetic field in stand-alone inverters, we improve the
efficiency of the converter and the reliability of the
work. Patents of the Russian Federation confirmed the
novelty of technical solutions of the considered
schemes of autonomous voltage inverters. Structural
schematics of the voltage regulators considered in the
article, as well as features of their work, will allow to
increase efficiency of preliminary works on
development of autonomous voltage inverters with
improved operational and technical characteristics for
solar photovoltaic power plants
At the nodes of the various machines, we use plain bimetal bearings: a steel base - antifriction cladding layer. Bimetal bearings have increased performance. One of the ways of making such bearings is the way of centrifugal bimetallization with heating of the independent electric arc. An important requirement of this technology is a uniform heating of the workpiece along the entire length until the formation of a continuous layer of the molten cladding material. The process of bimetallization require temperature control, since within the movement of the electric arc, low heat or high heat are possible due to heat dissipation from the ends of the workpiece in the installation and from the outer surface of the workpiece to the environment. A viable option the temperature control of the heat process of bimetallization for industrial conditions is to control the temperature of the outer surface of the steel base. It is necessary to solve the heat problem of the relationship between the temperature on the surface of the workpiece with the temperature on the boundary layers. For this purpose the numerical solution of the mathematical model of the thermal process, which includes the heat transmitting equation of Fourier and heat transfer at the ends of the sleeve according to Newton's law. The equivalent coefficients of heat transfer are obtained based on calculated and experimental thermograms. This is a time-consuming work. To minimize the time of fixing the boundary value problem of the thermal process of bimetallization, in this work we present the preliminary modeling based on the analytical solution of the thermal task of bi-metallization
With the aim of improving the productivity and performance of the sunflower seed separation process in the air-sieve seed-cleaning machine called MVU-1500 its multivariate analysis was carried out. The main indicators of the seed heap separation process were determined according to the feeding of the seed heap onto the sieve of the lattice. The indicators are as follows: completeness of the j-th components screening, the j-th components content in the sieve path, the completeness of their discharge and their content in the discharge from the sieve tier. Having adopted the hypothesis of a possible increase in the efficiency of the separation process in the air-sieve grain cleaning machine, we analyzed the delivery patterns of seed heap components into the pneumatic channel with the aim of optimizing the process. For a more complete assessment of the process indicators under consideration, basic patterns of movement of various components in the sieve-tier lattice were estimated. It was taken into account that in modern designs of air-sieve grain cleaning machines seeds are fed into the pneumatic channel from the sieves. When the width of the lattice is equal to one, the density of the j-th component of the seed heap is constant along the length of each sieve in the stack of sieves and the separation coefficient is constant along the length of the sieve, the expression received estimates the average speed of movement in the first sieve-tier lattice in the steady process of separation. There was evaluated the statistical significance of differences of the j-th component average speed movement on the second sieve- lattice by Student's t-criterion, which showed that they belong to the same sample of random variables and do not have statistically significant differences. Therefore, we can obtain the following velocity values of the heap of sunflower seed movement in the sieve-tier lattice: fragments of stems velocity is 0.0518 m/s; milled seeds velocity is 0.0381 m/s; velocity of sunflower seeds less than 3.2 and 3.2-3.6 mm thick is 0.0835 m/s, velocity of sunflower seeds of 3.6-4.0 mm thick is 0.0453 m/s, that of more than 4.0 mm thick is 0.0410 m/s
Life Sciences
The article presents the materials of research on
studying of influence of various levels of crude fat in
the complete feed (CF) for the young geese of
Lindovskaya breed on chemical composition and
organoleptic quality of goose meat. In the
experimental groups we increased the concentration of
crude fat in the start and finish of the CF to 7.4 % and
6,85 %, respectively. As the lipid supplement, we used
sunflower oil. It is established that muscle tissue of
geese, consuming finishing CF with sunflower oil, has
a more pronounced taste, odour, tenderness and
juiciness. We may highlight the tendency to increase
the proportion of monounsaturated oleic acid, in the
background of the decrease of specific weight of
palmitic acid in the fat muscle 60 day goslings who
received the start and finish of CFs with the addition
of sunflower oil
For the research period (2003-2016), 57 pest species
and 46 pathogens were recorded on stone and
pomaceous fruits in humid Russian subtropics,
among which the representatives of the order
Lepidoptera and the division Ascomycota
predominate. The greatest number of the species was
recorded on the apple tree - 35 pests and 25
pathogens, the smallest - on cherry and sweet cherry
trees (13 and 10, respectively). 43,7 per cent of the
species are polyphages, while the relative abundance
of monophages among fungi is higher than among
arthropods. The species with activity in the summer
are prevalent. A group of species that are harmful in
humid subtropical environments all year round (11
species of phytophages and 19 pathogens) was
identified. Analyzing the changes in the species
composition of the complex through the time, we can
speak about the relative stability of the dominant
species. The group of the typical dominant species of
pests for almost a century has included Grapholita
molesta Busck., G. funebrana Tr., Cydia pomonella
L., Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul., Stigmina
carpophila (Lév.) M.B. Ellis, Monilinia laxa (Aderh.
et Ruhland) Honey, M. fructigena Honey,
Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E.S.
Salmon, Venturia carpophila E.E. Fisher and pear
V. pyrina Aderh. Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.,
Scolytus mali Bechst. and Tranzschelia prunispinosae
(Pers.) Dietel are currently dropped out
from the group of the dominants; Halyomorpha halys
Stål, which is a new pest for Russia, was added.
Groups of the species with sharp fluctuations in
abundance or frequently encountered were
distinguished
The contents of lead in soils are primarily determined by regional factors: the composition of parent rocks, relief, climate, vegetation. In recent years, these factors have increased the anthropogenic source of element. In order to assess its impact, requires knowledge of the natural, i.e., background lead levels, the so-called reference points, which can later be used to monitor changes occurring in the soil. Under background refers to the content of the element in soils at a great distance from the areas of receipt of contamination. Background content of lead in each type of soil depends mainly on composition of parent rocks. The correlation coefficient between the content of lead in parent rocks and soils, with the background contents is equal to 0,86±0,17 at p=0,95. For each soil type there are low variations in lead content due to the composition of parent rocks. Lead concentrations in the soils increased at the expense of its receipt from the atmosphere, irrigation water, drainage during mining, as a result of agricultural use, lead containing chemicals. Comparing the obtained results with existing currently permissible concentrations (APC, MPC) it is necessary to note that the lead content in leached chernozem soil after three rotations of the rotation may not cause any pathological changes or anomalies in the course of biological processes and lead to accumulation in the agricultural plants, and therefore may interfere with biological optimum
The influence of the crop rotation type, predecessor and different doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat varieties was investigated and bioenergetics estimation was given. Investigations were carried out in the North-Kuban Agricultural Experiment Station in two ten field crop rotation: grain tillage and grain - grass tillage rotation of prolonged stationary experience. The soil is the black soil, low in humus, powerful, with humus content (0-30sm), depending on the power of nutrition backgrounds in the arable soil layer. It was found that the selection of predecessors and the differentiated application of mineral fertilizers ensure stable high yields of grain and they exceed the varieties without fertilizers by 40-79%. Winter wheat yield depends on the crop rotation of 8-15%; from its predecessor - 15-18% and 27-31% of the fertilizer. A strong correlation between yield and agronomic methods was determined. The most effective predecessor for the wheat cultivation by the turnover of furrow slice is sainfoin, peas and wheat. More labor intensive and energy-consuming predecessors are grain maize and sugar beet
The trials were conducted in 2013-2015. Research objects: apple trees cv. Zhigulevskoye/62-396, year of planting – 2007, at 4,5x1m. Place of research – experimental orchard of ”I.V. Michurin Federal scientific centre " in Tambov region. The goal of research: to study the effect of fertigation and foliar nutrition in an intensive apple orchard. During the research there were done yield records, was determined the content of nutrients in leaves and soil. In the soil there was also determined humus content and acidity, fruits were analyzed on vitamin C, saccharides and organic acids contents. Nitrogen in leaves and soil was determined by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus by photocalorimeter KFK-3, potassium and calcium by flame photometer Jenway PFP-7. We have established the optimal average application rate for fertigation in conditions of the Central Chernozem zone of Russia, which could be used to calculate specific application rates with data of soil-leaf diagnostics. In our research, it is shown that the use of this application rate had no significant negative impact on the studied parameters of soil. It is shown that the biochemical composition of fruits is largely determined by weather conditions of the year of vegetation and foliar nutrition. Maximum efficiency of measures for mineral supply optimizing is achieved only with the good combination of fertigation and foliar nutrition
The extensive path for development in the country in the
twentieth century caused low competitiveness of
Russian pig production. The productivity of domestic
pig production was significantly lower than in Europe,
US, Canada and China. Feed costs per 1 kg of gain were
2-3 times higher with a low yield of piglets from a sow
per year: 14-16 with an average European 25-27 heads.
The country did not have enough meat; as a result, a
significant amount of meat products was imported to
Russia. Restrictions on imports in connection to the
imposition of embargoes contributed to the increase in
demand for domestic products and opened new
opportunities for Russian producers. One way to
increase the production of pork is to use pigs with a high
genetic potential for productivity, imported for breeding
from Canada and Europe. Based on the conducted
studies, it has been established that pigs of foreign
breeding have high reproductive qualities, which proves
the expediency of their application in commercial pig
production to increase the efficiency of the industry
development and reduce the import of pedigree
youngsters from abroad. The implementation of two
breed gilts will help increase productivity in the
industrial pig production
The article reviews the results of studying the influence
of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the
Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the
Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of
grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with
the accepted for the given zone and culture.
Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal
time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes
are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder
horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed
the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the
experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option
2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt
(P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska
(N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium
nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of
studies on the study of biological features of growth,
fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows
their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya
zone of the Krasnodar region and can be
recommended for use in production conditions.
Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine
of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers)
the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent,
phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol
content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7
%, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the
mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The
most effective is the introduction of NPK
(N120P120K120)
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article is devoted to the study of the monuments of
revolutions of 1917 in Russia. It is emphasized that from
the historical point of view, almost all monuments
represent the embodiment of the losses and sufferings of
humankind in various armed conflicts. This is especially
true for the revolutions of 1917, which changed the
entire modern history of the country, and even after 100
years cause a special interest both in the international
scientific community and among ordinary people. This
study specifies that after the final establishment and
approval of the Soviet government, the new government
realized that it was needed to create a certain basis,
namely, its political symbolism as a foundation for the
formation of image of the new government. The most
important component of this process was the desire of
the authorities to the formation of the ideas of the Soviet
people about themselves and their place in the world,
and, as a consequence, the folding of the foundations of
Soviet patriotism, because the new generation who had
no idea about the Russian Empire, began its life in the
country, which had an ideology, but just started to
develop the system of socialist values. The attention is
paid to the fact that the monuments are one of the
important elements of the historical and cultural
heritage, which reflected the past experience of
mankind, broadcast through architectural and sculptural
symbols to the present, which contributes not only to the
cultural enrichment of mankind, but also used by people
to influence worldviews contemporaries. The article
says that modern youth need to know the history of their
country, not to forget about the numerous victims of
various wars, to preserve peace and appreciate life
Social Sciences and Humanities
The expediency of the «direct-costing» system in
Russian organizations as a whole is considered in the
article, as well as the necessity of using direct-costing
in the organization of the ASTC «RIS» with rice
production and sale as main activity. The advantages
and disadvantages of using this system in the context
of the analysis of the ASTC «RIS» activities are
considered; the essence of the system «direct costing»
is revealed. Besides, the authors have extended the
need of presenting the cost accounting organization
characteristics in general and its comparison with
methods of accounting in the use of «direct-costing».
The necessity of the introduction of this system in
accounting organization in the Russian organizations
is proved. With this aim, an analysis was conducted of
rice prime cost changes using the system of «directcosting»;
the authors have determined the break-even
point, selling price and provisory profitability. All the
performance indicators of the organization show the
need for the introduction of «direct-costing» system in
ASTC «RIS». Considering the possibility of
implementing the «direct-costing» system in parallel
with the traditional cost accounting system, the
authors give characteristics to operations management
and selling profitability, that allows to be more
responsive to market conditions in pricing and to
assess the contribution of each division in the
organization of ASTC «RIS» in general, aimed at
improving the efficiency of rice production
In connection with the informatization of production,
scientific-technical, social and public activities, the
emergence of the digital economy, there is a need to
protect effectively sensitive and confidential data. The
solution to the problem of creation of system of
information security becomes particularly relevant and
significant, since with the advent of complex automated
information systems significantly increased the quantity
of information stored in the computing device, in single
databases have become integrated information for
various purposes, greatly expanded the number of users
having access to the information resources of the
enterprise. In the article, we have proposed and
scientifically based conceptual foundation and
principles of construction of modern system of
protecting information files to manufacturing
enterprises, which constitute commercial secret, from
damage and unauthorized access. We have identified
the information that requires protection from
competitors and intruders, identified infrastructure their
protection and the mechanisms for their own reliable
operation of protective systems. It is shown that the
objects to be protected from potential internal and
external threats and illegal acts are staff, material,
financial and intellectual resources, means and systems
of informatization and protection of all types of
resources. The basic principles of information security
production of the enterprise are the mutual
responsibility of management and staff, legitimacy,
cooperation with law enforcement bodies, maintenance
of optimum balance of interests of the company and the
individual
The issues of advanced information technologies in
accounting are considered in the article. Some
particular features of the Russian automated
accounting are revealed and the methodology of ITbased
management is demonstrated. The classification
of the software products applied for accounting
automation is made as well as the rating of the most
common programs for IT-based management in Russia
is provided. Major strengths and weaknesses of ITsecurity
in accounting system are given. The problems
of management activity automation during the period
of transition to the international standards are
considered, among them consideration of time value of
money. The assessment of modern automated
accounting system in the Russian economy made by
well-known scientists is given. Special attention is
paid to remote hardware and program resources while
solving the problems of IT-based management. The
author of the article also considers the problems of
application prospects in accounting in self-developing
expert systems based on competitive software
products. Some particular problems of information
security posing threat to the application in information
technologies in management are presented. In addition
to all this, the practical experience and a high standard
of professionalism of an accountant are presented
Solutions of a complex task of the analysis and
assessment of efficiency of interaction of levels and
branches of the government intended to provide
successful development of regional economy,
economy of the separate territory, SEZ are proposed.
The task selection is justified based on the results of
the analysis of trends, theoretical framework and
practices of development management of regional
economy and territory. In the study, special attention is
paid to the creation and development of special
economic zones (SEZ). Proposals and
recommendations for improving the tools to control
the development of regional economy and economy of
certain areas, including a SEZ and to evaluate the
effectiveness and efficiency of the interaction between
levels and branches of government involved in the
creation and implementation of projects of the SEZ are
developed. It is shown that the use of the developed
recommendations improves the prospects for
successful development of territories and increases the
effectiveness of management of regional economy and
development of the SEZ
Problems of practical application of the professional Accountant standard are revealed and recommendations about improvement of his contents are identified in the article. Relevance of researches is caused by discrepancy of separate provisions of the professional Accountant standard to the legislation on accounting, and absence of thorough investigation of the single questions concerning application of the professional standard by employers. It is possible to carry to such questions: - uncertainty of the requirements to qualification, education level and experience of professional activity shown to applicants for a position of the deputy chief accountant; - lack of similar requirements to officials to whom the duty of conducting accounting and drawing up accounting reports, except the chief accountant is assigned; - discrepancy of the skill levels enshrined in the professional Accountant standard, to modern realities of professional activity in large economic subjects and to educational programs of higher educational institutions. The authors have proved introduction to the professional Accountant standard of new labor functions and the highest levels of qualification corresponding to them for the chief accountants and other officials who are carrying out consolidation of financial statements, preparation of the tax reporting of large taxpayers
The article considers the economic growth and its components, the main indicators, targets and the effect that it has on the economy. In addition, we briefly describe the main trends of the economic growth of the Krasnodar region and the forecast of their change over the next 2 years
This article reviews the activities of the company TD "YUGDOM". The authors consider the organization performance; produce an analysis of accounting organization of revenue from ordinary activities or other income, studying the nature of the organization, the types of income and the conditions for their receipt. They also study the formation of the organization of financial activity result from ordinary activities determined by cost of goods, products, works and services, which is formed on the basis of expenses from ordinary activities recognized in the reporting year, as in previous reporting periods, and passing expenses related to income in future periods, as adjusted, depending on the characteristics of production, works and services and selling them, as well as the sale (re-sale) of goods. We study expenses of the organization, depending on their nature, of the conditions and directions of the organization activities, subdivided into expenses on ordinary activities and other expenses and income size and (or) in accounts receivable, defined based on the price specified in the contract between the organization and the buyer (customer) or by the user organization's assets
The article considers brief theoretical information of the wavelet transform and the methods of identification of nonlinear time-varying systems using multiresolution wavelet transform. The methods of data processing based on wavelet transformation are widely used in recent times. Wavelets have significant advantages compared to Fourier transform because wavelet transform tells you about not only the frequency spectrum of the signal, but also on what point in time came one or another harmonic. With their help, you can easily analyze intermittent signals or signals with powerful bursts. Moreover, wavelets allow us to analyze data according to scale, on one of the preset levels (small or large). The unique properties of wavelets allow constructing a basis in which the representation of the data will be expressed with just a few nonzero coefficients. This property makes wavelets a useful tool for data packaging. Small expansion coefficients may be discarded in accordance with the selected algorithm without a significant impact on the quality of the compressed data. Wavelets have found wide application in digital signal processing and data analysis. There are two classes of wavelet transforms: continuous and discrete. In the article implemented the discrete wavelet transform with the resulting output distribution on a 3D graph. The algorithm and the results of converting a time series of indicators of integrated industrial systems of the sugar subcomplex in the agro industrial subcomplex. The methods of neural network modeling for improved accuracy in predicting high-frequency oscillation are applied in the research. The method of determination of cyclic patterns based on coefficients of the wavelet transform is proposed
For national financial accounting, fair value is really a problem. The reasons for that are various. First, there is an opinion that assessment procedure is not accounting "case", we have appraisers for that. The entities do not hurry to estimate fair value independently not to violate the law on assessment. They do not do it for the reason that transition from estimates on original cost to estimates is at fair value quite reasonable and we accept from the point of view of improvement of quality characteristics of the reporting, and here the return transition is rather complicated, even, one may say, is impracticable. Often, estimates at fair value are considered as the instrument of a fraud, a manipulation financial results and the financial reporting in general. Besides, use of estimates at fair value increases expenses on creation of the financial reporting that not every entity is able to afford in the conditions of national business. Use of fair value can significantly influence indicators of activities of the entities, and not always positively. In addition, certainly, assessment at fair value is a professional judgment for which in most cases nobody wants to bear responsibility. Nevertheless, as we are headed for IFRS, we shall promote overcoming difficulties of use of fair value for the purpose of creation of IFRS reporting. There is a popular belief that the IFRS reporting are constructed on fair value. To some extent, this is true, but fair value is a multidimensional concept. For example, historical cost value of the asset purchased for money for date of transaction can be "fair" cost. The "fair" cost of the current receivables corresponding to recognition criteria an asset is the amount of its settlement. The "fair" cost of the obtained bank loan is the current (amortized) liability size for date of the financial reporting. However, this view of fair value is represented narrow-minded and can be sufficient unless for general idea about IFRS - the reporting, but cannot be used in the professional environment
The article is devoted to discussion of modern views
on management decisions. We have released several
bulk textbooks on the theory of decision-making.
This article discusses several key aspects of this
theory: a comparison of approaches to decisionmaking,
the pitfalls of voting, and the methodology
of decision-making, management responsibility. We
have considered a simple example of a problem of
decision-making in the management of the
organization: selection a model of a new car to run
into a series. Criteria for making a decision, which
put forward by the four experts-theorists,
contradicted each other. The Board of Directors
decided to issue a vote. We have considered the
"reefs" of voting. In the production and realization
of administrative decisions we distinguish four
levels. The first and most important level, which
determine the success or failure of administrative
activity is methodological. We discuss the levels of
production and realization of administrative
decisions. We give some examples where
methodological errors lead to wrong management
decisions. For example, a call to "maximum profit at
the lowest cost" is quite common in the speeches
and orders of a general nature. However, it is
mistaken. Practice of development, adoption and
implementation of solutions is based on a few basic
concepts: Who makes the decisions? The procedure
for preparation of the solution (the regulations).
Objectives. Resources. The risks and uncertainties.
Criteria for estimating decisions. The manager has
his responsibility for the decisions taken. Volition of
manager - the basis of management
The article describes the application of
probabilistic models to predict the gross regional
product. We have made a comparative analysis of
various stochastic models implemented in the
software package called StatGraphics 5.0 and
checked the quality of forecasting by the gross
regional product on the example of a notional
region
The HACCP system today is the main model of
quality management and safety of meat products in
domestic production. Evaluation, risk analysis and risk
management should be integrated into the corporate
governance process as one of the important
components, taking into account the relevant strategy,
tactics and operational implementation. It is important
to not only manage the risk, but also periodically
review the risk management measures such as the
prevention, reduction and compensation of damage.
The article examines the features of the
implementation and of the corporate risk management
in the meat processing plant
Features of intraeconomic economic relations, the
specifics of the management system at the enterprise
are determined by many factors. Judging by currently
known management concepts, we can say that
domestic enterprises often make a choice in favor of
downsizing, which is a short- or medium-term
survival strategy. The most promising in the context
of the regulation of intraeconomic economic relations
is the concept of reengineering. It is supplemented by
the principles of controlling. Aside from choosing an
effective management strategy, managers of
agricultural enterprises to maintain an acceptable
level of manageability and efficiency have to use
internal calculation, which provides freedom of
action and autonomy of structural units in
maintaining the integrity of the organization. Finding
ways to increase employee’s interest in the growth of
the financial results of the organization actively
conducted since the second half of the 20th century.
So, widespread limit-cheque form of control of
production costs, a model of wages as a residual,
remuneration from self-financing income etc.
However, in 1990 the accumulated experience of
mutually beneficial internal relationships in many
households in the country were lost, this has a
negative impact on their financial condition. They are
currently going through a revival, especially in the
framework of large-scale agricultural production in
the form of organizational economic mechanism. In
the implementation, it is necessary to consider the
state of the national economy and the level of
development of the enterprise itself. It is necessary to
distinguish clearly the economic space between the
structural units of the organization, to ensure
transparency in implementation of management
functions and to eliminate the causes of potential corrupt practices from the leaders. Only then, the
goal of on-farm calculation – sustainable functioning
of agricultural enterprises in conditions of
competition, – will be completed
Practice shows that the state support in our AIC comes to the wrong addressees. Helping big agricultural businesses at the expense of other participants, which often are inherently more efficient and competitive, still makes the position of the existing system of state support very problematic. More correctly in this situation would be to increase help for small- and medium-sized businesses, which are often created from scratch without any support, and, therefore, are more motivated to efficiency and growth. For example, small farms are producing up to 40% of the total agricultural production, but receive only about 10% of the state support allocated to agriculture. This imbalance distorts the competitive environment and hides great injustice of the entire agricultural policy. This is the main reason for incomplete implementation of the reserves in the segment of small businesses. This has a great negative impact on the key units of crediting and selling of small agribusiness forms (SAF). The authors propose restructuring the general support of regional agriculture by blocks of crop production and small agricultural economy in benefit of the SAF due to the possibilities of state support of crop production in the ratio of 2:1, that is to leave the crop to 66.7%, and for the SAF to 33.3%. Under this scheme, small forms over the next 5 years will receive 14.2 billion rubles instead of the planned 6.4 billion. This decision will contribute to the emerging of a healthy competitive environment in the domestic agricultural market and increase the faith of the owners of small businesses in possibilities of their growth and weakening of the principles of cooperation
The article gives a detailed analysis of foreign and mutual trade of the Eurasian economic Union as the main indicator of development integration. It is dealt with the amount and structure of foreign and mutual trade of the participating countries. Attempts are made to formulate and predict the main trends of development trade relations. Conclusions are drawn that Russia prejudges integration cooperation, because it is the leader in most economic indicators within the integration group
In the years 2014-2016 under the influence of the
sanctions against Russia, the arrangement of the
funding base had been carried out mainly from the
internal sources, which are from the funds of the
Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the funds of
organizations and the population savings. This article
examines the Central Bank’s rates of lending in the
period of 2014-2016; it studies the impact of the
lending rates from the financial regulator on the finance
result of the banks. The article contains the
analysis of the funds raised by credit companies from
legal entities and individuals. Due to the lack of access
to the resources of the world market’s loanable
funds and, as the result of it, the shortages of funding,
Russian banks were forced to function using the fund
deposits of individuals. Next, the article unfolds the
analysis of the current environment and the prospects
of borrowing on the foreign market in the conditions
of sanctioning. In may 2016 Russia returned as a
sovereign borrower to the international debt market.
It has been noted that in the case of the situation remaining
calm on the geopolitical arena, the conditions
of external funding for Russian banks are going
to improve. On the other hand, the prompt and optimal
way out of the present conditions is seen in the
development of the innovative environment, which is
impossible without venture capital financing
Currently, we experience particular problems of development of agriculture in conditions of import substitution and export. The industry needs active support from the government due to the specific features, which are typical to this sector of the economy, and necessary for the effective functioning and dynamic development, and maintaining a high level of competitiveness. Government support has to provide favorable conditions for functioning of domestic producers to stimulate the production of high quality products, and to increase the competitiveness of agricultural products and services in both domestic and foreign markets. In this article, factors have been revealed, which lead to the need of agricultural production state support The main directions of financing of the agro-industrial complex were established within the framework of the state program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020; the rules for granting and distribution of subsidies from the Federal budget to constituent entities of the Russian Federation; the structure of government subsidies to farmers in different regions, and also considered a new loan product with a low interest rate, which is adjusted individually for each borrower
The article is devoted to hedging as one of the optimum methods of all methods of currency risk management. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the method of hedging were examined and we also defined the role of financial derivatives in the foreign exchange market. The classification of key derivatives risk management is examined. Concepts of contango and backwardation are considered, and the scheme of the correlation of spot and futures prices is provided. An analysis is conducted for the basic hedging strategies market derivatives currency. Dynamics of the dollar against the ruble over the past few years is detailed. The article notes that in connection with the crisis phenomena in world economy the problem of high volatility in markets has gained prominence. Various aspects of the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on the operations of Russian companies are analyzed. The importance of considering the hedging transactions and the need to comply with the requirements of International financial reporting standards (IFRS) in order to prosperous insurance risks is emphasized. The article reveals hedging of currency risks in Russia with the help of financial market instruments. The practical examples of these methods using financial derivatives are given. Problems are investigated and the future prospects of development of the derivatives market in Russia are proposed
The practice of separate financing of projects of civil
and defensive nature, which has been developed in
Russia, requires, in the conditions of an aggravation
of an international situation, increase in costs for
carrying out researches and developments what to go
a heavy burden on the federal budget. The analysis
of international experience shows that industrially
developed countries successfully solved this problem
by means of distribution of dual-use technologies.
The special effect is reached in space activities
where dual-use technologies are widely used in the
organization of communication, broadcasting and
monitoring of the land surface. In the article, policy
of usage of military technologies in civil sector of
economy of the USA, Germany and China is
analyzed. The policy of distribution of dual-use
technologies leads to decrease in load of the budget
and promotes attraction of a private equity in
researches and developments. The main directions
are conversion, sale of information from military
companions to the commercial organizations and
acquisition by military of information from
commercial companions here. Backwardness of the
market relations, impracticality of controlling
mechanisms, developments and carrying out
scientific and technical policy and other problems can become the main obstacle in a way to
distribution of dual-use technologies in Russia.
However, instability of the revenues of the Russian
budget caused by volatility of the prices of energy
resources and other external factors puts the most
important priority of national economic policy
development and distribution of double technologies
In the modern conditions of development and
improvement of technical and technological factors
of the development of production, it is necessary to
approach to issues of planning and further
development of the enterprise more carefully, taking
into account the volume of production and number of
sales. Process of production depends not only on
internal factors. It depends also on external factors
related to the external environment of a business
entity. The activities of marketing services should be
focused on the choice of development strategies,
which allowed maximizing profits and minimizing
risks associated with the accelerating changes in
market conditions. The relevance of the topic is due
to insufficient experience of the use of
methodological approaches associated with the use of
economic as the market potential. Theoretical aspects
used in practice and agricultural enterprises in
modern market conditions will be able to use of
available resources to define their own goals. It is
especially important to consider the risks associated
with competitive advantage of other goods producers.
One of possibilities will allow agricultural enterprises
to improve their performance in selling the products
used in completing the models. The main feature is
the consideration of factors under uncertainty
associated with a competitive advantage. Thus,
modeling of production volumes and range of
products will allow the company adapt quickly to
external conditions and increase the volume of
realization of the product
The main indicators of the state of the dairy industry
of the Krasnodar region are given. The results of the
marketing research of consumers of the dairy
products market of the Krasnodar region are
considered. The article reveals reasons for dairy
products appeal, reasons for rejection of dairy
products, distribution channel structure, consumer
preferences for types of dairy products, the
frequency of purchase, the level of consumer
satisfaction by dairy products range, consumer
preferences for manufacturers of dairy products,
consumer opinion about the price and quality of
dairy products, characteristics of consumers portrait
by sex, age, education, occupation, place of
residence. The necessity of diversification of
activities of agricultural producers, which is a
process of allocating funds to be invested between
different objects of investment that are not directly
linked is substantiated. The possibility of processing
of milk by agricultural producers of the Krasnodar
region to meet the basic needs of the population and
guests of the Krasnodar region and the further
formation and development of the market of dairy
products in the region is pointed out. The investment
project for construction of a dairy plant is presented
and the prospect of its implementation and
compliance with consumer preferences is considered.
Negative trends in the dairy market are noted. The
prospects of development of the dairy products
market of the Krasnodar region are indicated
In a highly competitive environment, companies strive
to apply new information technologies in their
communication activities using the Internet. One of
these technologies is the official website of the
company, and nowadays the landing pages are gaining
popularity and importance. The authors describe a
number of principles, which are used by modern
developers of multi-page and one-page sites. In
addition, the article classifies the directions of the
official website of the company. The authors have
proved the advantages of landing pages against
conventional web resources
The main factors of success of the modern
organization, which are defined in this article -
information, knowledge, competent personnel. The
signs of classification of information streams in the
organization are selected. It is proved that
information which is available in turnover of the
organization is important for effective activity of the
organization, realization of its purposes and tasks.
Administrative process is impossible without reliable
and objective information, as information is a basis of
the solution of all administrative tasks. Requirements
to administrative information are defined. The main
interrelations of use of knowledge in the organization
on the foundation of basic competences are
established. Work with innovations in a personnel
management system is described. The role of
personnel in creation of the competitive organization
is investigated. Innovative platforms are determined
by an effective way of increase in activity of
personnel. The innovative control system of
personnel from the point of view of introduction of
innovations in activity of personnel is a main purpose
of such system. The innovative system promotes
providing the organizations by personnel, which
constantly generate the ideas for the benefit of firm,
effective use of their intellectual capital, professional
and social development of personnel for the benefit
of workers, the organizations and societies. The
effective combination of useful information,
innovative knowledge and competent, innovative
personnel in the organization will allow it to raise the
level in the market, to increase the competitiveness
and to increase the income
In the article there were given the data on allocation of agricultural lands of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic according to types of lands, landowners and land users. There were shown the changes of plant-growing production volumes in natural and value indicators for the period since 2000-2005 to 2010-2015 by the main types of production based on statistical data of Rosstat. In addition, there was given the comparative assessment with the Krasnodar region as a leading agrarian region. There was given the assessment of effective use of agricultural lands taking into account the qualitative and quantitative indicators of land resources of KCHR and Krasnodar region. There were revealed the main problems in land management of Karachay-Cherkessia, which led to ineffective use of agricultural lands. There was made the prognosis of decrease of plant-growing sector to 2025. In this regard, there was revised the issue of agricultural lands use. It will allow us to optimize the land management and become the precondition to choose the most effective trend of agricultural lands use at planning of development of agriculture of the Republic and realization of state program “Development of agriculture of Karachay-Cherkessia to 2020”. There was offered the development of livestock farming taking into account the features of the region
In the conditions of significant dependence of national economy on an oil complex, the last is influenced by a number of social and economic problems which solution would lead not only to growth of investment appeal and profit, but also to decrease in prime cost, improvement of quality of oil products. It will allow to make optimization of prices of oil and its products, and to reach significant competitive positions in the market of oil products. The priority directions are increase in oil processing capacities, depth of production, stability of a source of raw materials. However, the steps, which are carried out both by the enterprises, and the state towards their realization, are insignificant, despite essential dependence of the last on an oil segment. In the article, the internal factors interfering formation of investment appeal of oil sector are considered. The problem of inefficiency of distribution of the capital and tax incentivization is lifted, and measures for stabilization of investment potential are given
The agro-industrial complex - one of the most important sectors of economy of the Krasnodar region is considered. In the modern world, the ongoing investment processes define the level of competitive development of all spheres of agrarian and industrial complex. The development and prosperity of the agro-industrial complex of Krasnodar largely depends on its appeal from the point of view of potential investors. The Krasnodar region with its powerful agro-industrial complex within territories of Russia has acquired particular importance and has high investment appeal. We have found reflections in the results of this research of engaging of investment resources in development of agrarian and industrial complex of the Krasnodar region at the present stage. It is revealed that during an agrarian reform, the investment process in agrarian and industrial complex has dramatically changed. New channels of attraction of financial resources were created; also ways of use and distribution of resources have changed. Effective work of agro-industrial sector of the economy of the Krasnodar region is possible only with active state support on federal and on regional levels
The article deals with theoretical aspects of
integrated reporting, which represents a new level of
corporate reporting. We have defined the conceptual
framework of integrated reporting: objectives, tasks,
conditions for successful implementation and showed
the fundamental differences between traditional and
integrated reporting. We have defined the basic
principles of integrated reporting and presented the
statistical data on the preparation and publication of
the domestic companies of integrated reporting. It is
concluded that the overall picture of the status of
public reporting in Russia is rather negative. We have
dfined the main directions of activities in the area of
integrated reporting, which will contribute to the
speedy transition to preparation of integrated
reporting in order to obtain competitive advantage
The article formulates the concept and developed a
notation for representing the organizational structure,
allowing designing the organizational links with
depth to the operations performed, and taking into
account their branching. The main difference
between the proposed concept and the notation of
hierarchical levels and the composition of the
organizational structure is the mandatory allocation
of all posts, as well as the division of each link into
two spheres: hierarchical structure and process
structure (processes, functions, subfunctions,
operations). Using the proposed notation, the concept
of the application of queuing theory to the evaluation
of links in the organizational structure was improved
and expanded with application of efficiency models
for single- and multichannel systems that were
transformed to the average number of operations
performed by the employee; average time of
operations; the average number of operations that are
pending and the average waiting time for operations.
For their calculation, models for the intensity of the
workflow and the intensity of operations were
developed, based on the mathematical modeling of
the annual workflow distributed on a working day,
and the laboriousness of performing operations,
combined into subfunctions, functions, and
processes. To calculate the complexity of the
operations, indicators were used for the frequency of
the operations, subfunctions and functions, as well as
an indicator of the duration of operations and the
frequency of the execution of the chains of
operations, subject to their branching
The integration of producers of raw materials and its processors into the agro-industrial complex is connected with the social division of labor, its specialization, the need for interaction between specialized branches and types of agro-industrial production. Agrarian enterprises are united in an effort to reduce the risk, the emergence of which depends on the climatic conditions, the spontaneity of the agricultural market, the dictates of processing enterprises, the need to increase the competitiveness of production. In the Russian practice, there were various organizational forms of integration, differing in the nature of economic ties between participants, the degree of independence of the enterprises entering the association, the combination of centralization and decentralization of management. Conventionally they are divided into associative - "soft" and corporate - "hard." The "soft" forms of association include as-association, union, non-profit partnership and strategic alliance. They can effectively function at the interregional level. A rigid type of integration ties is characteristic for combines, concerns, trusts, holdings. Agricultural consumer cooperatives are voluntary associations of legal entities and individuals residing or operating in a certain rural area on the basis of membership and pooling of money units in order to meet the needs of members in credit resources and other banks services. The conditions for the emergence of sustainable integrated associations in the agroindustrial complex require qualitative and quantitative analysis based on mathematical modeling
The article is an author's view on the problem of innovation and innovation environment applied to the oil industry of the country and its regions. The main task set by the authors during the study is the development of theoretical provisions for determining the priorities for the formation of an innovation environment in the Russian oil and gas sector and the development of methodological recommendations for the improvement of the innovation environment. For this purpose, the following tasks were accomplished: the essence of the innovation environment of the oil industry as an economic category was revealed and the priorities of its formation in the oil and gas complex of the region were justified; the methodological bases of the innovation environment analysis are substantiated and the priorities of its formation in the economy (structure, functions, indicators) are revealed; proposals to improve the innovation environment in the oil-producing region have been developed; methodical recommendations on the development of innovative processes in the industry have been formed. Concerns about fuel safety, environmental problems are growing in the society. Therefore, in this article, the authors propose their own approaches to the organization of interaction between the subjects of regional oil and gas markets, the external environment and municipal and state authorities on a science-based basis. The purpose of this concept is to create a local oil territorial production complex that will be dynamic, flexible, capable of rapid adaptation in changing conditions
The article discusses the issues of organizing the management of agricultural production; it reveals the properties of socio-economic systems as an object of management, provides an overview of existing approaches to management organization, concludes that the complexity and heterogeneity of socio-economic systems objectively determines certain specifics of the organization of their management systems; the content of the category "agroeconomic systems" and their specificity as an object of management are disclosed, a set of principles, reflecting the multifunctionality of agriculture and the totality of various aspects of managing agroeconomic systems of various levels is given. It is proposed to systematize the totality of these principles in the context of such groups as: theoretical and methodological principles (system approach, dynamism and variability of the functioning environment, integrated assessment of the development of the agricultural sector, balanced development of elements of agroeconomic systems), principles reflecting the specific features of the formation of agro-economy (taking into account the peculiarities of the natural and climatic conditions of development, taking into account the level of development of rural territories as a spatial basis for conducting agricultural production, taking into account the level of development of agricultural production, taking into account the level of investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector), principles ensuring balanced development of agro- (rational division of labor, rational distribution of production, proportionality of the development of elements of the agri-food complex, maintenance of the balance of economic interests of managing subjects), the principles regulating the formation of the management system (adequacy of the management system, the optimal balance between the elements of the management system, complexity, economy). It is argued that securing a high level of controllability of the agrarian production system is possible only if the effective interaction of all subjects of the management system is achieved through the coordination of their objectives and the definition of the scope of their managerial competencies
The article is devoted to one of the most effective
modern means of promotion - direct marketing, which
is provided with the help of high integration of
marketing functions, high targeting, speed and
interactivity are achieved in cooperation with target
audience, and rationalization of communication costs
is ensured. Direct marketing is described from three
positions: as a distribution channel, which ensures the
sale of the firm's product directly to the end consumer
without the participation of trade intermediaries; as a
means of promoting products, based on the use of
databases and the combined usage of several forms of
communication with the target audience; as a special
kind of marketing activity (in a virtual environment).
The authors refer direct marketing to synthetic
marketing communication, formed on the basis of
combining two key types of promotion - personal
selling and advertising. The article deals with the key
principles of using direct marketing and the main
forms of its implementation. The article draws your
attention to categories of suppliers that form direct
marketing services. The types of organization of the
communication process are distinguished through
direct marketing, the stages of planning and
implementation of the direct marketing campaign are
described in details
Social Sciences and Humanities
An analysis was made of the conditions for the formation of runoff floods and floods in river watersheds, which is an important part of the assessment of water and resource potential in floods in river basins. The article proves that in order to protect the territories from flooding in river basins, it is necessary to know the climatic and anthropogenic factors, the hydraulic regime of rivers, the relief of the terrain, the engineering-geological and hydrological conditions for the formation of floods and floods. The forecast of parameters and levels of emergency caused by the spring-summer flood of 2017 is fulfilled. The practical focus of the study is the possibility of developing recommendations for the justification of measures to fight floods
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article briefly describes the completeness of the
organization of the investigation and its relevance to
forensic techniques. The peculiarities of the structure
of the technique of investigation of crimes against
family and minors were examined
The article is devoted to one of the most disputable
categories of jurisprudence – to abuse by the right. The
law does not allow the exercise of civil rights with the
intent to harm another person, as well as abuse of
rights in any form, including in the form of
circumvention of the law. The author regards as the
already known issues with the application of the
principle of the inadmissibility of abuse of the right, so
new in connection with the amendments to the Civil
code of the Russian Federation. The amendments to
the article on the abuse of rights were caused by the
current practice. However, there remains a question
about how well these novels are being implemented.
This article examines the question of the application of
the principle of prohibition of abuse of rights in
proprietary relations. Statistics show that the judges
started to apply Art. 10 ten times more often in
proprietary relations. Still, this situation is inextricably
intertwined with the risk of judicial discretion. The
article also investigated the correlation of the
subjective rights of a bona fide owner and a bona fide
purchaser of real estate. Based on the conducted
research the author proposes the notion of abuse of
right in property relations. It is concluded that a proper
understanding of the categories of "bona fide owner"
and "bona fide purchaser" is the main factors in the
resolution of a number of practical issues
In the article, we analyze the measures that the lawenforcement
authorities of Tsarist Russia undertook
against the process of bringing the criminal income
into the economy of the country and using it for the
extremist and terrorist activities. The fact that the
amount of illegal incomes in Russia in the late XIX
century and the beginning of the XX century increased
massively, and these incomes were used in the social
and political life in quite a peculiar way, confirms the
idea that in the democratizing society undergoing a
number of social reforms many political organizations
recourse to searching for and forming illegal sources
of financial incomes and further money laundering to
support their activities. The increase in crime,
especially in the economic sphere, strains social
relations, instigates different organizations and
movements struggling for power to receive financing
from criminal sources. In their turn, the organizations
and movements use the criminal incomes for the
political struggle, masking it behind noble causes.
Criminal associations arising against the national
backdrop manipulate the political, cross-national and
other kinds of contradictions, existing in international
and interstate relations. With the aim of laundering the
“shadow” funds and in defiance of the national
interests, they use the services of foreign banks and
special agencies of antagonistic countries
In the work we present the analysis of influence of the
personal qualities of the head of state on methods of
implementation of state policy on developments in
domestic and foreign policy, the image and the
position of the state in the international arena
The article examines the elements of criminalistic characteristics of crimes committed by representatives of local self-government bodies on the basis of investigative practice studies. The methods of committing crimes have been revealed. There are some recommendations and a list of circumstances related to the situation of crimes committed by representatives of local self-government bodies
Social Sciences and Humanities
The subject of upbringing is becoming more urgent in
the agenda of modern reality. Upbringing of the
individual has always attracted attention. In the article,
the author reflects on the components of personality:
spirituality and morality, their relation. The author also
proceeds from the thought that the source of man's
creative activity is laid in his spiritual and moral values
The article is devoted to the methods of popularization of knowledge on scientific agronomy that was used in the Soviet period. Methods of visual transmission of information such as postcard, badge, matchbox label, agitation poster, textiles and porcelain, as well as an animated film have been considered. The influence of these methods on the development of agriculture is shown. At the same time, the reverse process is also the effect of the progress and achievements of agriculture on the art of that time. Each method is unique and the article describes the scope and influence of each of them on the society of that time. An extensive database has been collected for each examined method and images analyzed in terms of the history of agronomy and technologies used in agriculture, as well as their use in the popularization of this sector. The use of such methods of information transfer in the present time is noted, both for solving such an urgent problem - increasing the prestige of agriculture, and in the educational process of specialists of this industry. The materials described in the article are recommended for introduction to the course "History and methodology of scientific agronomy". It is shown that the given resources could contain a large number of useful and even unique information, which makes them an object for collection, detailed study and structuring in databases
The article presents an analysis of the results of the
study of the ability to put aims in modern youth.
Putting aims is considered by the author as a design
competence that has got great importance, both in
social design and in planning the prospects of one's
own life. We have identified the existence of problems
in the design of their own life prospects for young
people. At the pilot study level, it can be confidently
asserted that goal-setting as a design competence is not
formed at the proper level among young people and
therefore it requires special attention on the part of
educational authorities and youth policy
At the beginning of the article, the author describes
the current state of the problems of education of the
younger generation. It emphasizes the importance of
the formation higher needs, specifically artistic and
aesthetic, in personal development. At the same time,
theoretical analysis shows that the insufficiently
developed methodology for the formation of artistic
and aesthetic needs, which confirms the relevance of
the chosen research topic. Further, the article is
devoted to the experimental research on a concrete
example. The author has created and tested a
theoretical model of formation of artistic and aesthetic
needs of junior schoolchildren at music lessons. The
experimental work contained 3 stages: ascertaining
(diagnostic), forming (basic) and control (final). The
author singled in the structure of artistic and aesthetic
needs out four components: motivational-value,
emotional, cognitive-operational, and reflexive. The
first stage had a diagnosis of according components.
The second stage was devoted to experimental work,
which contained developed and specially adapted
methods that contribute to the formation of artistic
and aesthetic needs in children of primary school age.
At the third stage, repeated diagnostics and a
comparative analysis of the results research were
carried out, which confirmed the effectiveness of the
developed model and methods for the formation of the
artistic and aesthetic needs of younger students
The article is devoted to the experimental study of the
process of formation of readiness of the future pop
singer to the concert activity. It presents a theoretical
model of the phenomenon under study, developed by
the author, including the following components: a
conceptual and targeted, meaningful activity-related,
organizational, technological, assessment and
effective. The article describes the principles and
methods of formation investigated readiness illustrates
steps pedagogical experiment: diagnostic, search,
aimed at forming pedagogical repertoire forming
(main), which was carried out experimental work in the
experimental group to verify the efficiency of the
developed theoretical models and pedagogical
formation conditions investigated readiness. The final
(control) stage integrated in the artistic and creative
level training pop singer. As indicators of readiness of
the future pop singer to the concert activities were
considered need-motivational, emotional and creative,
reflective, artistic and operational components
The results of the experimental study confirmed the
effectiveness of the developed pedagogical conditions,
including: ensuring the development of the artistic and
creative potential of the student, mastering the vocal
skill, the specificity of variety and jazz performance,
acting skills, individual style of singing, developing
general and musical abilities, creating a positive
psychological attitude and mastering skills Selfcontrol,
reflection, development of sound
reinforcement equipment. The received data
supplement and specify the system of training and
preparation of students of variety jazz singing in
universities of culture and arts
The article is examined the process of education as the
basic instrument of forming students’ personality
according to their abilities and needs in the conditions
of modern educational paradigm. The article also
examines the problem of increasing the efficiency of
the process of education by means of its optimization.
The analysis of the process of optimization from the
position of different educational paradigms has been
conducted. The principles of education’s optimization
are described; the principle of optimality is marked
out. The pedagogical conditions, which optimize the
process of education, are defined. In the article, it is
also told about such sections as pedagogical
ergonomics and valueology. The criterion of taking
into account of sanitary and hygienic norms in the
process of education as one of the effective ways of
increasing its efficiency is considered and analyzed.
The criteria of optimality in determining the level of
efficiency of the process of education are marked out,
which are necessary for creating favorable conditions
of the process of optimization, the principles of
optimization of teaching and educational process are
designated. Within the research, certain principles and
rules of the procedure are offered. The maintenance of
them influences positively success of application of the
theory of optimization in the process of education. The
conclusion of the positive characteristics of the theory
of optimization as the way of increasing the efficiency
of the process of education is made, promoting to
satisfy the individual educational inquiry in the
conditions of the modern educational paradigm
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Within the Terek-Sunzha oil and gas region of the
Eastern Caucasus a productive sediments are clearly
expressed by the classical diapir due to the increase in
power in the arched part of the strata of the Maikop
clays. In accordance with the theory of I. M. Gubkin,
developed based on the analysis of the structure of the
oil and gas structures of mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan,
diapirism of the structure is an important prerequisite for
the formation of a mud volcano. The article provides a
comparative analysis of diapir structures of the TerekSunzha
oil and gas region of the Eastern Caucasus,
which is quasi-mud unripe volcanoes, and structures of
mud volcanoes in the South-Eastern end of the Caucasus
range (the Apsheron Peninsula and other territories of
Azerbaijan) and the North-Western end of the Caucasus
range (the Kerch and Taman Peninsula). It is shown that
the formation of diapir structure, when, in the context of
high power clay strata, is not a sufficient condition for its
transformation into a mud volcano. In such geological
conditions, it is essential to determine the capacity of
clay strata, but also the degree of its water-filled
porosity, visco-plastic and fluid-forming properties,
contributing to the transition of the breed in a phase of
active current and the coming to the surface
The methodology of evaluation of touristic
attractiveness of the Black sea coast of the Krasnodar
area is presented in this article. This method is based on
ranked assessment using statistical analysis