Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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№ 148(4), April, 2019

Date issued: 30.04.2019

Physical Sciences and Engineering
585 kb

THE DEVELOPMENT AND TEST RESULTS OF AN AUTOMATIC GEAR BOX FOR A TRACTOR OF CLASS 5 WITH AN ELASTIC DAMPER MECHANISM IN TRANSMISSION

abstract 1481904001 issue 148 pp. 1 – 15 30.04.2019 ru 351
The aim of the work is to establish rational parameters on the basis of analytical and experimental research, in terms of obtaining the maximum performance of the unit based on a class 5 tractor, an automatic gear shift system. We have proposed a device for automatic gear shifting, in which the pressure of the working fluid in the pneumatic-hydraulic accumulator installed in the power transmission of the tractor of the elastic-damping mechanism, equivalent to the engine torque, was used as an input signal. The task of optimizing the tracking device and the actuator of the automatic shift system is the definition based on the theory of automatic regulation of the rational flow cross section of the damper throttle and the time delay of the system response to ensure the input signal with the necessary filtering in frequency and phase. The study presents the results of the tests carried out under laboratory conditions, which showed that the automatic gear shift system provides gear shifting at an external load frequency in the range from 0 to 0.24 s-1, direct assessments of the quality of the automatic gear shift system: oscillation (0), overshoot (0%) and time of the transition process (2...4 s), meet the requirements for their work. The analysis of the results obtained in experimental studies showed that the productivity of the machine-tractor plowing unit with a class 5 tractor-model equipped with the developed system of automatic gear change is higher by 10.6%, and the specific fuel consumption is 8.1% lower compared to the serial version
329 kb

PRODUCTION PROSPECTS FOR PROTEIN FEEDS MADE FROM SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN SMALL FARMING ENTERPRISES

abstract 1481904002 issue 148 pp. 16 – 30 30.04.2019 ru 265
The quality of feed is one of the main factors determining the development of industries necessary for the country. In this regard, extrusion technologies for processing raw materials of plant origin are of great interest. The prospect of processing plant raw materials using thermoplastic extrusion is due to two main reasons: first, the large volume and variety of products produced using this technology, and, secondly, the economic effect that gives the production of extrusion products by expanding the consumer properties of the feed produced. Extrusion equipment not only expands the range of feed, but also increases the employment of the rural population during the off-season. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to assess the prospects for the introduction of protein feed production by extruders from sunflower seeds in small agricultural enterprises. The study used an analytical review and analysis of published and patent information on technical means – extruders used for the production of protein feed from oilseeds, such as sunflower. The analysis of literature sources on the work of the existing forage preparation equipment showed that serial machines are metal-consuming, energy-consuming, used with low efficiency, due to technical and technological shortcomings. The analytical review of patent sources of extruders for preparation of compound feeds for the purpose of identification of the direction of their development and elimination of shortcomings of the existing is given. Modernization of extruders for the preparation of feed in the patent information goes in different ways, depending on the goal, which will improve their productivity and quality of protein feed. Serial production of technical equipment for the preparation of protein feed allows you to compete with foreign technology. Therefore, the development and improvement of serial domestic equipment for the preparation of protein feed from sunflower seeds for functional purposes are competitive and significantly cheaper and can reduce energy costs for their extrusion, which is an urgent task
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESS OF MIXING FEED

abstract 1481904003 issue 148 pp. 31 – 39 30.04.2019 ru 340
Based on the analysis of the designs of feed mixers for farm animals, the option of using a two-stage mixer is being investigated. The proposed design of the mixer allows you to improve the quality of the feed mixture and reduce energy costs per process. To optimize the mixing workflow, the design parameters of the machine and their influence on the technological process under various working conditions are determined. It has been established that the design of the mixer and the initial physical and mechanical properties of the components of the feed mixture directly affect the most important technological characteristic of the installation, its performance. Therefore, the study aims to optimize the process of mixing feed
Life Sciences
113 kb

NEW SOURCE MATERIAL FOR BREEDING WINTER WHEAT IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

abstract 1481904011 issue 148 pp. 40 – 48 30.04.2019 ru 313
The article describes the methods, specific researches on the analysis of source material for breeding work on winter soft wheat in the Belgorod region. The main purpose of our research was to study the economic and biological traits and properties of varieties in collective nursery and the creation of new initial material of winter wheat by the method of intraspecific hybridization for breeding in Belgorod state agricultural University. In 2016, the scheme of crossing promising lines recommended competitive trials of self-selection D9, D15, D19, variety Belgorod 16
182 kb

RESOURCE CONSERVATION IN THE PRODUCTION OF SPRING BARLEY

abstract 1481904012 issue 148 pp. 49 – 56 30.04.2019 ru 203
The article discusses the possibilities and presents the results of research on the cultivation of spring barley with different production technologies in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in a stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, flat-cut, layered, without tillage – no-till). It is established that the most expensive is the waste treatment of the soil (PN-5-35), and the least expensive is the technology excluding the impact on the soil. At the same time, the operating costs of labor and fuel consumption at no-till are lower, respectively, by 82-107, 23-48, 131-188% in comparison with traditional types of technology. Hectare fuel consumption with zero technology is 131-188% less than with traditional technologies and amounted to 22.8 kg / ha. The cost of production of spring barley using no-till is 8-41% lower compared to flat-cut, layer-by-layer, and dump technology and amounts to 285 rubles per cent. Calculated per 1 hectare, labor costs, fuel consumption, wages, fuel costs, deductions for renovation and repairs, as well as total operating costs for traditional basic tillage technologies increase, respectively, 1,23-1,48; 2,31-2,88; 1,30-1,56; 3,1-3,81; 1,65-1,85; 1,81-1,96; 1,83-2,09 times compared with no-till. The use of spring barley cultivation technology that excludes impact on the soil provides a fairly high efficiency even at lower yields
438 kb

ASSESSMENT OF WEATHER CHANGES EFFECT ON PEACH CROP IN HUMID SUBTROPICS OF RUSSIA

abstract 1481904014 issue 148 pp. 57 – 67 30.04.2019 ru 282
The close dependence of peach yield on the weather factors in the humid subtropical zone has been established. The observed climate changes in recent years (2000–2018) significantly affected the production potential of peach cultivars. An increase in temperature and precipitation in February-March negatively affected morphogenesis of the flower buds, which reduces the yield of most cultivars. The significant variability of precipitation (the main constraint of peach production) in the winter and early spring, the low weather predictability, characterize the onset of flowering by the “critical” phase. Weather conditions were changed during ripening. In July and August, the amount of precipitation decreased, the temperature increased, which led to moisture deficit and fruits quality deterioration. Local climate change in humid subtropics actualizes the development of adaptive cultivars with a high ecological and adaptive plasticity. Selected clones of the Red Heaven, Krasnaya Zarya and Larisa are the most adapted to the local conditions and can be successfully used in the low mountain area of the subtropics
12293 kb

AUTOMATED SYSTEM-COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL CLIMATIC PHENOMENA DANGEROUS FOR AGRICULTURE OF RUSSIA

abstract 1481904015 issue 148 pp. 68 – 117 30.04.2019 ru 311
At present, databases of 27-year observations of various adverse weather conditions and dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena leading to social and economic losses on the territory of Russia are in full open free access. Some of these natural hazards also cause significant damage to agriculture, especially crop production, horticulture and viticulture. Therefore, a great scientific and practical interest is the intellectual analysis of these data, which will create more favorable conditions for the prediction of such adverse events and decision-making, taking into account their possible negative impact on human activity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks, which are obtained by decomposition of the goal and are the stages of its achievement: Task 1: cognitive structuring of the subject area. Task 2: preparation of initial data and formalization of the subject area. Task 3: synthesis and verification of statistical and system-cognitive models and selection of the most reliable model. Task 4: solving problems in the most reliable model: - subtask 4.1. Forecasting (diagnostics, classification, recognition, identification); - subtask 4.2. Support decision-making; - sub-task 4.3. Study of the simulated subject area by studying its model (cognitive diagrams of classes and values of factors, agglomerative cognitive clustering of classes and values of factors, nonlocal neurons and neural networks, 3d-integral cognitive maps, cognitive functions). It is proposed to use automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) to solve the tasks. The article provides a detailed numerical example illustrating the solution of all these problems
643 kb

THE MECHANISM OF STABILITY MANAGE-MENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES IN THE VITICULTURE

abstract 1481904016 issue 148 pp. 118 – 129 30.04.2019 ru 342
An organizational and economic mechanism for managing functional stability has been developed, the components of which are optimal structural and regulatory decisions, as well as a calculated and reasonable regulatory framework as tools for ensuring the sustainability of reproduction processes in a mode that ensures achievement of output parameters guaranteeing a given level of efficiency. The dimension of regulators is calculated based on ensuring the sustainability of reproduction processes in industry production
148 kb

PRODUCTIVITY AND UNDERGROUND MASS OF MEADOW PLANTS IN CONDITIONS OF THE INDIGIRKA RIVER BASIN

abstract 1481904018 issue 148 pp. 130 – 141 30.04.2019 ru 379
For the first time results of researches on potential productivity and environmental role of hayfields in the Indigirka river basin (Momskiy district) are presented. Researches proved that feeding meadow plants in conditions of the Indigirka river basin, depending on the type of vegetation, location and features of root systems, provide maximum crop productivity – up to 18,5 dt/ha of hay with productivity of 1 ha for harvesting exchange energy up to 16,1 gigajoule, fodder units 1130 and crude protein up to 209 kg maximal underground mass accumulation of meadow plants was formatted in the region of Indigirka and Khonuu – mixed and squirreltail barley (hordeum jubatum) hayfield up to 193,6 dt/ha, dry matter and carex duriuscula and squirreltail barley hayfield up to 252,2 dt/ha with the majority of roots in layer 0-10 cm. up to 76-88%. Field of Khonuu, with mixed and squirreltail barley hayfield, contained underground nitrogen – up to 33 kg/ha and labile phosphorus – up to 71 kg/ha. Increased accumulation of labile phosphorus root mass provides enhancement of cold resistance ability in conditions of the subarctic zones of Yakutia
157 kb

THE STUDY OF THE RANGE OF TECHNICAL GRADES OF GRAPES IN THE ALUSHTA VALLEY

abstract 1481904019 issue 148 pp. 142 – 152 30.04.2019 ru 401
The article reveals analysis of varietal and age structure of vineyards occupied by 29 varieties and clones of the technical direction of use in the branch "Alushta" of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra". Taking into account the ecological and climatic conditions of the Alushta valley and the specialization of the economy, the largest share in the assortment of technical varieties is occupied by red grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon and clones of Cabernet Sauvignon R5, R8, VCR8, No. 169 including (26.68%), Bastardo Magarachsky and Bastardo clone VCR1 (12.06%), Saperavi (7.33%), Krasnostop zolotovsky (5.69%), Merlot and clone Merlot R3 (4.62 %). White varieties are in a smaller percentage: white Muscat and white Muscat clone R3 (8.47 %), white Kokur (7.1%), Aligote (3.82%), Semillon and clones Semillon № 173 and № 299 (3.68%), Gars level (2.99%). Plantings in the most productive age of 6-10 and 11-15 years are 57.5 % of the total area. At the same time, the share of introduced clones of varieties accounts for 26.65 %. In General, the age structure of the vineyards is acceptable. The company produces high quality wine materials for production of traditional Federal state unitary enterprise "PJSC "Massandra" wines: white Port Alushta, Alushta red Port, pink Port Alushta, Alushta red Table, Pinot Gris, Massandra, Madera Crimean Alushta Tokay, white Muscat, Massandra Kokur, Semillon Alushta and sherry wine. In addition, there are new brands of semi-sweet white and red wines Pearl Massandra, as well as varietal wine materials Aligote, Cabernet, Sauvignon, Merlot, Saperavi, Chardonnay, Bastardo and Semillon. Analysis of the assortment shows that in the production plantings of "Alushta" branch of FSUE "PJSC "Massandra" there are varieties of medium and late ripening, which does not create peaks during harvesting and processing, ensuring uniform flow of raw materials for winemaking. It is necessary to expand the assortment of the economy due to a number of promising varieties of Syrah, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Sangiovese and others with a complex of economically valuable properties introduced from other regions
Life Sciences
396 kb

OPTIMIZATION OF THE RELATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PROBIOTIC MICROFLORA IN THE RECIPE OF COMPLEX FEED CONCENTRATE

abstract 1481904032 issue 148 pp. 153 – 160 30.04.2019 ru 436
Providing the population with basic foodstuffs, sources of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and other essential nutrients is one of the main issues of ensuring the security of the country, while the requirement for food safety is paramount. Production of feed additives (concentrates), which improve feed conversion, while being natural and safe for animal health, acquires the greatest importance in the conditions of intensification of agriculture and increasing the competitiveness of livestock farms. Probiotic microflora, which, in competition with pathogenic, displaces the latter from the gastrointestinal tract, can be considered as one of the effective methods of controlling undesirable microflora in the digestive tract. In world science, research is actively conducted in the direction of searching for effective probiotic cultures. A promising way to increase the effectiveness of the use of probiotic feed additives is their addition to prebiotics, for example, including vitamins (antioxidants) and mineral substances (selenium). The purpose of this work was to determine the optimal ratio of biologically active substances contained in the feed vitamin-mineral concentrate, and probiotic microflora contained in the feed probiotic additive Bacell-M, for the development of complex feed concentrate. Using the Harrington's desirability function, the optimum ratio of biologically active substances and probiotic microflora in the recipe of the complex feed concentrate is determined, ensuring the maximum reduction in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase in the blood serum of experimental animals, which characterizes the normalization of barrier organs
377 kb

NEED OF DAIRY CATTLE IN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

abstract 1481904033 issue 148 pp. 161 – 199 30.04.2019 ru 449
The article presents a factorial model for determining the needs of lactating cows in essential amino acids. The algorithm of the model uses fragments from the NRC – 2001 models [39], CNCPS – 200 [60], and research materials published in the world literature. Instead of the transformation coefficients of the metabolizable lysine and methionine for milk production equal to 0.85 and 1.00, respectively, by the CNCPS, the coefficients 0.68 and 0.66 were used according to Doepel et al., 2004 [49] and the authors' own data [69]. Norms obtained using this model in lysine and methionine in milk production and maintenance in percentage of metabolizable protein (MP) were 7.28 and 2.4%, which is identical to the NRC – 2001 standards, equal to 7.2 and 2.4 % respectively, obtained by dose – response method based on dozens of experiments. The norm of histidine was 3.5%, which closely corresponds to the indicator of 2.4 and 2.7 % MP [74], obtained by the incremental addition method. This indicates that the presented model is distinguished by sufficiently high accuracy and is comparable with the models developed by the dose – response method. However, the determination of the need of cows for amino acids in this model is much less expensive than the dose – response method. The need for the absolute amount of metabolizable essential amino acids (MEAA) for milk production (35 kg/d, yield milk protein 1103 gytt6) and maintenance cow - 600 kg, g/d: lysine - 178, methionine - 59, arginine - 119, histidine - 60, isoleucine - 138, leucine - 248, phenylalanine - 152, threonine - 134, tryptophan - 38, valine - 174; the need for only milk production, g/d: 130; 42; 81; 42; 95; 175; 98; 74; 25; 112; the need for only maintenance, g/d: 50; 16; 38; 20; 43; 73; 54; 60; 14; 64; the need for 1 kg of milk (31.5 g of protein) g/kg: 3.7; 1.2; 2.3; 1.2; 2.7; 5.0; 2.8; 2.1; 0.7; 3.2; need to maintain, g / kg 0.75: 0.41; 0.14; 0.31; 0.16; 0.35; 0.60; 0.44; 0.50; 0.11; 0.53. In addition, the article presents the norms of amino acids per 1 kg of dry matter (DM) ration. However, the proposed standards need a comprehensive assessment in the research and practice of dairy farming. Research is needed to improve the models and predict the MEAA in the rations in the following areas: studying the metabolism of amino acids in the body of cows and determining their costs for maintaining the digestive tract, tissues and organs, refining, on this basis, the utilization of amino acids for milk protein production and maintenance; the development of ideal amino-acid profile of low-protein diets, both due to the adjustment of natural ingredients, and through the use of amino acid preparations that are protected from disintegration in the rumen
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