The article is devoted to the study of enzymesantioxidants
contained in horseradish root. The article
provides a detailed analysis of the sources of information,
aimed at clarifying the content of enzymesantioxidants
contained in horseradish root, grown in
the Astrakhan region in the autumn and summer. During
the analysis of the literature, it was found that the
content of enzyme-antioxidants in the root of the
horseradish is not constant and depends on climatic
conditions, planting time and harvest time. The content
of antioxidants in the root of horseradish grown in the
Astrakhan region in the summer-autumn period was
studied using by the method of A.N. Bach and A.I.
Oparin. 2 g of horseradish roots contains the number
of enzymes - antioxidants able to expand for 30 min
(1,547 • 100) / (20 • 1) = 77.35 mg of hydrogen peroxide
in 1 min - 2.56 mg. 1mkmol As hydrogen peroxide
is 0.034 mg, in 2 g horseradish contains 76 E enzyme -
antioxidants (or E 38 1 g horseradish). The results of
this work will form the basis for the creation and study
of new enterosorbent with antioxidant functions. Enterosorbent
prepared by adsorption on starch antioxidants
such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbic acid,
from aqueous extracts of plant material
The article is devoted to studying adsorption of enzymes,
antioxidants contained in horseradish root on
starch to create enterosorbent with anti-oxidant properties.
For this goal, we have studied adsorption isotherm
calculated constants, thermodynamic parameters
(change of enthalpy, entropy, and isobaric-isothermal
potential); sorption kinetics of enzyme-antioxidants on
starch and calculate the main characteristics. The
method of producing of enterosorbent - antioxidant on
based starches has been developed based on the experimental
data. The ready sorbent is a white powder having
no taste and smell. Insoluble in biological fluids
and water. It is the solid component. The enterosorbent
can be used to protect the gastrointestinal tract of humans
and animals against a wide variety of oxidants
and peroxide. The results of this work will form the
basis for the study of the antioxidant properties of the
resulting enterosorbent
The article discusses results of experimental research
of the influence of aprotic and proton solvents on reaction
rate of water molecules dissociation in the bipolar
membrane MB-1 by the method of electrochemical
impedance frequency spectrum. It was discovered, that
addition of organic component in aqueous solutions results
in significant influence on the parameters of water
dissociation in a bipolar region of the membrane.
The reason for this influence is the reduction of the
mass fraction of water in solution and, consequently,
in a bipolar region of the membrane, which itself reduces
the rate of the dissociation reaction. Another
reason for the influence of the organic solvent is its effect
on the network of hydrogen bonds existing in water
and aqueous solutions. Depending on the nature of
organic solvent and its concentration, the network of
hydrogen bonds may be strengthened, or destroyed,
thus facilitating removal of the proton involved in the
reactions between water molecules and catalytic centers
in cation-exchange and anion-exchange layer of
bipolar membrane, or retarding removal of proton.
This leads respectively to speed up or slow down the
rate of dissociation in the bipolar region of the membrane,
as well as changing the constants of the dissociation
reaction of water. Introduction of organic solvent
in solutions, which are in the contact with bipolar
membrane, is a convenient method of investigating the
role of solution composition on the rate of proton
transfer between water molecules and catalytic centers
in the membranes
The results of study of bipolar membrane – analogue
of MB-2, modified with chemically introduced chromium
(III), iron (III) and nickel (II) hydroxides by the
method of frequency spectrum of electrochemical impedance,
by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron
microscopy in combination with X-ray spectrum
analysis are presented. It is shown, that sequential
treatment of cation-exchanger, contained in cationexchange
membrane, with metal salt solution and alkali
solution does not result in formation of complex
compounds of these metals with ionic groups of ion
exchanger. It was found that in these conditions the
presence of heavy metals in the phase of cationexchanger
confirmed by X-ray analysis, however,
crystals of hydroxides of heavy metals are not detected
in the size range of 1000 nm to 20 nm. These heavy
metal compounds are thermally unstable and their
catalytic activity in the reaction of dissociation of water
molecules decreases with increasing temperature
during heat treatment. The introduction of low-soluble
hydroxides of d-metals (chromium (III), iron (III),
nickel(II)) by chemical method can significantly improve
the electrochemical characteristics of a bipolar
membrane. The most effective catalysts in water dissociation
reaction are the hydroxides of chromium (III)
and iron (III) and, as a consequence, membranes with
these hydroxides have a lower value of overpotential
compared with original membrane at the same current
density
A number of thermoreactive oligomers was obtained
via the Michael interaction of molar excesses of
hexamethylene-bis-maleimide with 5,5’-bisbenzotriazoles
in melt. The structure of them was
proved by the 13C spectroscopy method. The one-step
synthesis in melt, without by-products evolution, in
absence of organic solvents, additional reagents, and
catalysts is the more acceptable in point of view of
technology (a finished reaction product does not
require any purification). The process itself is the
nucleophile addition across double bond, and so it can
be attributed to the atom-saving technologies.
According to data of the dynamic scanning calorimetry
(DSC) and the thermogravimetry (TG), oligomers fuse
at 130.8–135.6 °С, cross-link at 185–250 °С, and begin
their thermal destruction in air at temperatures of 400–
420 °С. The tensile strength at shear of the glued joints
on base of oligomers (steel plates overlapped) is 14.2–
23.7 MPa (142–237 kgf/cm2
). The positive effect from
the introduce of 5,5’-bis-benzotriazolyl fragments into
structure of bismaleimide thermoreactive oligomers on
strength of the glued joints between metal plates was
revealed
The current-voltage characteristics and the number of
effective ion transfer, as well as the frequency
spectrum of the electrochemical impedance of
multilayer ion-exchange membranes in a stable and
controllable thickness of the diffusion layer were
measured, using the of rotating membrane disk
complex. The article presents a comparative analysis
of the frequency spectra of the electrochemical
impedance of the source and a surface-modified
monopolar anion exchange membranes in 0.01 M
sodium chloride was made. The process of water
molecules dissociation at current densities above the
limiting one in 0.01 M sodium chloride solution was
studied in detail
Acylation of amides substituted with pyridine-3-
sulfonic acids oxalil-chlorides and phosgene was
studied. New pyridil-3-sulfonil isocyanates were
synthesized. The conditions for this synthesis were
optimized by taking into account the detailed
understanding of this acylation. The synthesized
pyridine-3-sulfonyl isozyanates were converted to
pyridine-3-sulfonyl ureas. Biological activity of the
new compounds was studied and the substances with
high herbicidal effect were found
The present article belongs to the area of organic chemistry, namely, to chemistry of heterocyclic compounds. For the purpose of optimization of a method of synthesis the threecyclic heteroaromatic systems containing a pyridi-ne, thiophen and pyrimidine ring in one molecule, - tetrahydropyridothienopyrimidinon and dihydropyri-dothienopyrimidinon – reaction 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]-pyridine-2-carbokxamides with aromatic aldehydes is studied, some of which contain pharmacolodical groups. Reaction was carried out in the conditions of an acid catalysis – is used p-TsOH. Influence of the nature of solvent (toluene, ethanol, mix ethanol-dimethilform-amide (1:1)) on the course and the direction of reaction are studied. It is established that carrying out reaction in toluene leads to the dihydropyrimidine containing in situation 2 phenyl, 4-bromphenyl deputies. In the presence in a molecule of initial aldehyde of the deputy in orto-situation tetrahydropyrimidine are formed. Use of ethanol mainly leads to formation of a tetrahydro-pyrimidine ring. Boiling of initial substances in mix ethanol-DMF yields the results similar to use of toluene, but time of reaction is reduced twice. The way of receiving the dihydroderivatives short-term boiling of tetrahydropyrimidine is found in mix isopropanol-DMF (a volume ratio of solvents 1:3). Identity of the received substances is proved by method of a thin layer chroma-tography. The structure of the synthesized connections is confirmed with the element analysis. The structure of tertagidropirimidinon and digidropirimidinon is proved with use of data of IK and NMR 1H of the spectral analysis
This publication examines the relationship between the structure of molecules of complexing (descriptors of electronic structure), which are used as inhibitors of hydrogen embrittlement of the steel grade St3, and the content of absorbed hydrogen in model samples-plates made of the above steel. The form of expression of this relationship is the correlation coefficient (CC) by Pearson
The stability of strongly basic anion-exchange membranes MA-41-2P (JSC "Schekino-Nitrogen", Russia) and AMX (Tokuyama Soda, Japan) under intensive current regimes was investigated in the
current study. The process of water molecules dissociation at current densities above the limiting one in 0.01 M sodium chloride solution was studied in detail. The length of the electroconvective instability at the membrane / solution interface at currents
exceeding the limiting current was measured by laser interferometry