Studying natural phenomena in all their diversity,
humanity worked experienced in every field of
science the model of perceiving the world and
methods of obtaining information. The development
of science currently cannot be imagined without
research on the intersection of its regions. This
article presents the results of the automated systemcognitive
analysis of the size of atoms from the
main characteristics that are of research at the
interface of General chemistry elements and
intelligent systems. Dependence of nuclear radius,
mass and of the atom and the charge number are
identical in shape and size, which is probably
connected with the linear increase of these
parameters in the Periodic system of chemical
elements. There is also a similar form of the
dependences of radii of atoms from the factors ex
and x, because these factors are interrelated. The
obtained results of the ask analysis have confirmed
the theoretical assumptions and the formulae of the
dependence of main characteristics of the atom
The new benzimidazole-functionalized graphene
material based on graphene oxide (GO) and 3,3',4,4'-
tetraaminodiphenyl oxide (TADPO) was obtained
under one-step hydrothermal synthesis conditions.
According to IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis,
as a result of the reaction, benzimidazole (BI) rings are
formed, and the mass content of nitrogen is 12.3%.
The new graphene material is characterized by
excellent electrochemical efficiency in a threeelectrode
supercapacitor. As a result of the redox
activity of BI cycles the specific capacitance reaches
286 F/g at the scan rate of 2 mV/s, which is
substantially higher than the reduced graphene oxide
(RGO) sample obtained under similar conditions
without using TADPO (159 F/g at 2 mV/s)
The change in the Kepler’s atomic number in the
Periodic Table of Mendeleev is studied. It is shown
that its values decrease regularly with increasing
nuclear charge. An alternative formula for computing
the values of the Kepler’s atomic number is proposed.
It is shown that the ratio of the atomic number of
Kepler’s to the mass of the atom is a constant for each
period. The values of these constants are calculated
In this article, we discuss the relationship between the
previously obtained model for calculating atomic radii
with electrodynamics, the hydrodynamic model of the
planets of the Solar System, and the R-function of the
structural organization of electronic systems. It is
shown that the curve of the dependence of the value
of the correction coefficient e
x
on the atomic number
of the element in form coincides with the dependence
of the ionization energy on the mass of the atom and
the R-function on the nuclear charge. The concept of
the "atomic nucleus potential", which takes into
account the energy of the nucleus and the charge of
the nucleus of the atom, is introduced. It is shown that
the radius of an atom is the product of the nuclear
potential by a factor kx
, taking into account the
characteristics of electronic levels; the energy of the
nuclear reaction is the work of the forces of the field
(potential) of the atomic nucleus along the
displacement of the atomic charge. The dependence of
the potential of the nucleus on the charge number in
the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table is shown. It is shown
that any system of satellites (or atomic shells) has a
constant ratio of its Kepler number to the mass of the
central body around which they rotate. It is shown that
in the Table of Mendeleev's chemical elements and in
the solar system, the fundamental value is the mass of
the center (the nucleus of the atom or the center of the
orbit). The ratio of the Kepler number to the mass of
the central body is a constant, within the accuracy of
construction and calculations
The method has been developed of simultaneous
determination of active ingredients of different kinds
of pesticides in biological tissues (fish liver) by
applying HPLC with ultra-violet detection and the
rapid method of QuEChERS sample preparation. We
defined optimum volume and composition of the
reagents for the extraction, time of centrifugation and
ultrasound treatment, the origin and composition of
sorbents that ensure maximum extraction of the
substances studied and further cleanup of interfering
substances. Acetonitrile was used as a solvent. The
extraction was carried out in the presence of a
buffering mixture - trisodium citrate dihydrate and
disodium citrate hemihydrate. Bondesil PSA bulk
sorbents (alkylated amine containing two amine
functional groups - secondary and primary) and C18E
(reversed-phase sorbent based on silica gel with
grafted octadecylsilane groups were used to purify the
extract from coextractable substances (fats, proteins,
sugars, organic and fatty acids, pigments and other
impurities). The degree of extraction of the analyzed
active ingredients of pesticides from the liver of fish
was 79%. The detectable pesticide concentrations
ranged from 0,4 to 0,97 mg/kg. The relative standard
deviation of the analysis results amounted to 0,01-0,14
The article presents the results of the development of
an alternative model for calculating the values of
atomic radius. A formula was derived for calculating
the atomic radius of the elements of the Periodic
System of DI Mendeleev. The optimal calculation
conditions for the proposed model are found. It is
shown that the curve of the dependence of the value of
the correction coefficient x on the atomic number of
the element in form coincides with the dependence of
the ionization energy on the charge number
The results of investigation of melanoidin’s formation
early stages in acidic ethanolic D-glucose – p-toluidine
model system are presented. Based on the elemental
analysis, IR- and UV-spectroscopy data obtained we
have shown, that in system studied Amadori
rearrangement product undergo the aryl amine
elimination during browning to form a nonnitrogenous
reductons with antioxidative activity in
processes of linoleic acid oxidation. It is also noted,
that in system studied inhibition of carbohydrate’s
destruction occurs because of non-reactive O-ethylglycosides
formation. The data obtained may be useful
for technology of carbohydrate-containing raw
material
Surface energy of polymers determines such
important properties of polymers like wetability,
adhesion, ability adsorption of low molecular weight
substances. Inner organization, the structure of the
polymer and the dynamics of interaction between
macromolecular chains are shown at last. At the same
time, the micro-defects (inhomogeneity) of polymers,
which is an integral part of the structure are changed
during deformation and must contribute to changing
of the surface energy and its components.
This article solves the task of detecting changes in the
parameters of surface energy of polymers under
uniaxial deformation. Data for the quantitative
indicators of the surface properties total surface
energy and its dispersive and polar components are
presented. The calculations showed that the disperse
and polar components of all the samples of polymer
materials are about 98% of the total and, therefore, is
crucial. For the first time experimental data,
illustrating the change of surface energy of polymeric
materials had been obtained, including elastomeric
compositions, when uniaxial deformation. The
relative changes of the surface energy vary from 54.5
per cent to 125 %. A decrease of total surface energy
and its dispersion component is observed during
deformation of polymer samples of different structure
and chemical nature
The article presents the results of studies of changes in
the atomic radii of the elements of the periodic table,
depending on their atomic masses. It is shown that the
appearance of p- and d-orbitals introduces a significant
contribution to the value of the atomic radius, and the
appearance of f-orbitals makes a significantly smaller
contribution to the given value. A radial-mass model of
calculations of atomic radii for the elements of the
Periodic Table was developed. Optimal conditions for
making calculations were chosen. For the first time the
values of atomic radii for elements with the order
number 103-120 are calculated. It is shown that the
values of atomic radii for elements with the order
number 103-120 are in the range from 140 to 335
picometers and regularly change in the period
The article presents the results of studies of changes in
the atomic radii of isotopes of the elements of the
periodic table. With using the mass-radial model of
calculations, the values of atomic radii for isotopes of
chemical elements were obtained. It is shown that the
atomic radius of different isotopes of one element is
different and depends on the mass and radius of the
nucleus. To study the changes in ∆Rav values in the
groups and periods of the Periodic Table of Chemical
Elements, the ∆Rav dependences on the period number
and group number are constructed. It is found that the
values depending on the number ∆Rav period / group
for the d-elements lie in the low ∆Rav values for selements
- in high ∆Rav values, and p-elements - in
average values ∆Rav. It is shown that when the atomic
nucleus is increased by 1 neutron, the atomic radius
increases from 0.01 to 4.76 pm, which is due to the
physical effect inside the atom