Algae as bioindicators on soil pollution by xenobiotics were studied in Krasnodar region. Explicit alteration of algacenosis was observed on the territory functioning petroleum production site, it testifies the consistent soil pollution. Alga flora of preserve area zone differentiated with high species diversity.
Use of algae as bioindicators on soil pollution by xenobiotics was studied in Krasnodar territory. There was diagnosed the low specific content of soil algae on the territory of a pesticide warehouse. There were presented some species, characteristic for the polluted soils.
Influence of level of soil fertility, norm of fertilizers, systems of plants protection and a way of basic soil cultivation on accumulation of chlorophylls in leaves and on an index of a sheet surface of crop of Note winter wheat in a heading-flowering phase is examined.
The Mavrostifo – Greece aboriginal variety. It is belong to the group of varieties convar. pontica subconvar. balcanica Negr. The time of production period is 156-165 days. The variety of medium height. The degree of ripening of vine is higher.
The yield is higher. The average mass of bunch is
360 g. It has higher drought-resistance and middle steadiness for mushrooms diseases.
The leave is large, black-green, the middle dissection, five lobes (the lobes are recovered), from bottom side with a lot of hairs.
There are two blossoms on the 3 and 4 nodes.
The flower is hemofroditus.
The bunch is low or big, long, conical-winged, density. The berry is average, round, black-blue. The pulp is juicy, with tasty variety after taste.
There are two-three seeds in berry.
The sugariness is higher.
The variety is useful for preparing higher quality intensive colored red wines of different categories from southern zones of viticulture with warm and dry climate.
The variety Krimbas is a hybrid,
was gotten by Panteley Zamanidi in Greece and Troshin Leonid in 2001 year by crossing of the varieties Aigeorgitiko and Muscat aleksandriisky.
It is got into the group of black sea grape varieties (convar. pontica subconvar. balcanica Negr.). The production period is 146-155 days. The growth of shoots is higher.
The average mass of cluster is 300 g.
It has higher resistance to frost, drought and fungal diseases compare with Muscat Vitis vinifera L. varieties.
The leave is middle, black-green, five lobes, deep dissected, the bubbles on the upper side of leaves surface is low. The upper and bottom cuttings are closed with gleams. The form of cut of leave with low elliptic gleam, the length of petiole is middle.
The flower is hemofradit. The ovary is low conical. The pollen is fertile.
The cluster is middle or round, conical, middle density. The berry is middle side, oval, black-blue color. The skin is thick. The pulp is juicy, with Muscat after taste, the juicy is not colored.
The sugariness of juice is very higher: the berries after overripe faded, then overraisines till 30% from the berry.
The quantity of seeds in berry one, rare two. The seed of middle length, brown color, piriform, with shot beak. There are sometimes berries with not advanced seeds.
The variety used for preparing dry pink and red wines of perfect grade, so and dries higher quality desert and liker wines; it is used for preparing juice, compotes and jam. The risen got of good quality with soft Muscat after taste.
The variety "Professor Maltabar" is new,
it is growth in Greece by Pantelei Zamanidi
and Leonid Troshin in 2001 year from crossing of Aigeorgitico and Cabernet Sauvignon. The variety belongs to the group Black sea basin (convar. orientalis subconvar. caspica Negr.).
The production period is 146-156 days. The yield is higher. The bunch weight is 200 g.
The bunch is middle, cylinder conical or winged, middle density. The berry is middle, round, blue-black color. The skin is density, the pulp is juicy, the sap in not colored, with solanum after-taste. The sugarnesses is higher. The quantity of seeds is two-three.
The seed is middle, grey color, piriform, with shot beak. It is higher steadiness variety for winter frost, drought-resistance and higher steadiness for mushrooms disease compare with it’s parents.
The variety is used for preparing higher quality dry red, pink and white (champagne) wines of different categories.
Influence of level of soil fertility, norm of fertilizers, systems of plant protection and a way of basic soil cultivation on accumulation and a ratio of chlorophylls in leaves of a winter wheat Nota during spring-and-summer vegetation is shown.
As for beneficial fauna, the most number of parasitic hymenoptera is noticed in organic orchards. The least quantity of parasitic hymenoptera can be met in conventional orchards. The characteristic feature of arthropods in conventional orchards in 2008 was the frequent occurrence and rather big number of acariphages (ladybirds of Stethorus family). The occurrence of the considerable quantity of predatory bug Campilomma and the bugs of Orius family was registered. All the enumerated species attack phytophagous mites. With the assumption of phytophagous mites population increase in organic orchards, the increase in Stetorus specimen was registered. Acariphages in ecological orchards occurred rarely. So we can suggest that predacious insect species – Stetorus, Campilomma, Orius –can serve as a certain indicator showing one or another population density of phytophagous mites in apple-tree orchards.
The Codling moth monitoring, conducted with the help of injured fruits count and mail moths capture (with pheromone traps), is given in the article.
We consider that pheromone traps reliably register the beginning of the Codling moth large flight (of each generation) at high temperature and little precipitation.
The pheromone traps efficiency decreases at rather low temperature and showers. In organic and ecological orchards low density populations of injurious mites are under control of their natural enemies.
The clone selection has very outstanding position behind the actual problems of modern viticulture in the world and in our country. This problem usually has the primary importance behind the scientist who works with grape in all the countries such as USA, German, French, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Moldavia, Ukraine and etc. In our country last years some positions becomes solving in the plane of scientific research work. Consequently, in the article the history and the situation of clone selection of grape on the Eurasian continent is widely covered.