Acidic properties of the mineral matrix of meadow
chernozem and meadow-boggy soils of Krasnodar
region are characterized by a total adsorption capacity
of ammonia in the range of 32-61 µmol / g. The lowest
acidity of the matrix was observed under conditions of
permanent rice cultivation for 80 years (32-
33 µmol NH3/g). The mineral matrix of rice soils
depends on the meliorative state and the granulometric
composition of these soils. At low fields of meadowboggy
soils, heavier in granulometric composition, the
total acidity of the mineral matrix is 51-
53 µmol NH3/g on high checks of lighter meadow
chernozem soils – 34-45 µmol NH3/g. In the upper
soil, with a less acidic matrix, the Fe3+ content
increases and the amount of Fe2+ decreases. The
reverse pattern is found in the lower soil with more
pronounced acidic properties of the matrix. A
proportional relationship between the humus content
and the acidic properties of the mineral matrix is
found. The highest yield of rice is formed on meadow
chernozem soils with a less acidic mineral matrix
The article considers the accelerated reprocessing
technology for recycling pig manure into organic
fertilizer. Today, closely relevant is the matter of
environmentally friendly technologies for cattle
manure utilization. Export of wastes in its pure form to
agricultural land cannot be applied, because disease
causing and chemical compound penetrated the soil,
entered the groundwater and contaminated many water
sources. Experiments for the accelerated reprocessing
of the pig manure into organic fertilizer were
conducted on the basis of PCF No. 2 of the APC
"Maryanskaya" in the Krasnoarmeisky district. With
the aim of eliminating the filtering of pollutants in soil
and groundwater, the experiment was performed in a
concreted area, located within a farm. For the test, we
used pig manure of animals, whose age was 2-8
months. The total weight of used manure was 40 t. The
accumulation of manure was carried out in containers,
containing 4 tons; the total time for the accumulation
of necessary amount of manure for 2 months.
Comparing the quality of compost obtained by the
proposed technology recommended for industrial
applications, control, we found differences in the
chemical and biological properties. Overall, the
conducted experiment has allowed to establish that the
best option, given the speed of the flow of chemical
and biological processes, demands environmental
protection, is composting manure with straw, adding a
biological product "Tamir" at the rate of 0.5 l/t. The
Obtained results are comparable with data of previous
years and indicate the possibility of reducing the
quantity of a biological product from 1 to 0.5 l/t of
waste without reducing the efficiency of the process of
accelerated decomposition of nitrogenous organic
compounds
The experiment considered the influence of different
methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of
winter barley in the dependence of the investigated
factors. The studies were carried out at the
experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian
University in the conditions of multifactorial longterm
soil monitoring. The experiment was carried out
in a typical 11-field grain-grass-tillage crop rotation
with the following alternation of crops: alfalfa, alfalfa,
winter wheat, winter barley, sugar beet, winter wheat,
corn for grain, winter wheat, sunflower, winter wheat,
spring barley with sowing of alfalfa. Stationary
experience is represented by the following factors: the
level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B);
plant protection system (factor C) and methods of
basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship
between the influence of the soil fertility level,
fertilizer norms, plant protection products, the soil
cultivation system and yield, and the crop structure of
the perspective winter barley variety ‘Gordey’ were
determined. The soil is chernozem leached superheavy
light-clay with an average thickness of the
humus horizon - 150 cm. It is found that fertilizer, soil
treatment, seeding method; protective means increase
the yield of winter barley and positively influences the
elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in
comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8
c / ha. The statistical processing data show that the
fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%)
had a certain influence on the number of productive
stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the
spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage
(32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the
spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike
Increasing the productivity of agricultural plants,
including rice, is the most important area of breeding.
The creation of varieties with vertically leaved
architectonics allows to have a qualitative approach
not only to the process of formation of a highly
productive agrocenosis, but also to solve questions of
assessing the productivity of rice. To create highly
productive varieties, it is necessary to develop new,
more efficient methods of selection
The fattening of Holstein cattle for more than 90 % provides the beef cattle division of the firm «Agrocomplex» based in the village of Vyselki, the Krasnodar region. The share of the Aberdeen Angus breed is 6.3 % and Charolais at 0.6 %. The reason for insufficient supply with fattening complex of Charolais cattle is a high indicator of severe parturition, postpartum complications, and reduced productive longevity of cows of breeding herds of these breeds. In a "Livestock complex" bulls of breeds of Holstein, Charolais and Aberdeen Angus reach the required values of live weight for the established standards of the breeding time. Charolais have the best indicators of absolute and relative weight gain and the shortest feeding season. The profitability of cattle fattening in CJSC company "Agrocomplex" is low, but the efficiency of the industry is ensured by the presence of its own processing plants. To improve the profitability of beef production it is required to increase the proportion of specialized breeds for meat productivity; to generate the most uniform by age and live weight of the group; identify the cause of the high rate of culling of Charolais cows for postpartum complications and take action to address them
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
In this article, we present the results of the experiments on
the potential of productivity and accumulation of the root
mass of the Alfalfa and Brome-grass, on the content of the
main nourishment elements and the consolidation of gross
energy in the roots and agroenergetical effect of the
collected gross energy in the conditions of permafrost turf
soil of the Middle Lena valley. The maximum productivity
potential of beans and cereals grass mixture was reached
on the basis of the organic mineral nourishment regime:
the collected exchange energy – 21,3 GJ, feed units – 1568
and collected raw proteins – 428 kg per ha. Thus, the
content of digestible protein in beans and cereals grass
mixture agrophytocenoenosis was increased from 118 to
124 g, that exceeded a zootechnic norm (105 g). In general
the nitrogen contained in the total root mass of beans and
cereals grass mixture agrophytocenoenosis was up to 26,6
centner per hectare and movable phosphorus- up to 33,6 kg
per hectare that can serve as the source of nourishment for
sown herbs. The maximal stock of gross energy in roots
was got in beans and cereals grass mixture
agrophytocenoenosis at organic-mineral degrees (humus of
40 centner per hectare once in 4 years + of N120PK60
annually) up to 157,1 GJ/ha, while the accumulation of the
root mass reached 140,3 centner per hectare at average
annual rates of accumulation of dry substance up to 24,5
centner per hectare. The processes of formation,
decomposition and death of roots in the beans and cereals
grass mixture agrophytocenosis take place almost in a
balance state. Wherein the biological factor, as the
inclusion of the Yakut yellow variety of the Alfalfa in the
grass stand, plays a positive role
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
We have studied the effect of presowing enrichment
with copper on the seed yield of rice. We have found
optimum concentration of water solution of copper,
which provides higher yields of seeds and evaluated
the impact of the enrichment with copper on the
growth processes in the plants of rice. The studies
were conducted in elite seed-growing enterprise
"Krasnoe" of All-Russian Research Institute of rice.
It was found that for rice-growing farms of the
Kuban region with the aim of increasing the quantity
and quality of grain yield it is necessary to make
sowing of rice seeds enriched with copper. This
application should be carried out by wetting the rice
seeds with 0,5 % water solution of the microelement
with a semi-dry method, i.e. the rate of 10 liter
working solution of copper in 1 ton of seed. The
article proves the economic feasibility of enrichment
of rice seeds with copper
To develop the novel herbicide antidotes for the
sunflower vegetative plants, the group of chemical
compounds, belonging to the derivatives of 2-
alkylthionicotinonitrile was synthesized and their
antidote activity both in the laboratory and field
experiments was studied. The compounds with a high
antidote effect were found