The article deals with the problem of assessing the
quality of land settlements of Krestetsky uyezd in
Novgorod province since the time of cadaster
descriptions of Novgorod land to fieldworks of
Russian soil scientists. The comparative aspect studies
information of cadastres in the middle of the XVI
century, Economic notes to the General landsurveying
of the Russian Empire in the second half of
the XVIII century and "Soil and Geological essay of
Krestetsky uyezd" at the beginning of the XX century.
Due to this research a database included information
about the settlements having existed in the territory for
centuries, with the description of land quality and
fertility was compiled. The analysis revealed that
according to field studies, mechanical and physical
composition of soils in Krestetsky uyezd within the
same soil type was very diverse. General land
surveying described soil based on the predominance of
muddy substances, sand or clay, but at the same time
the characteristic of grain yields played an important
role. In the XVI century the categories of good,
medium and poor lands could have the lands with the
same composition of the soil, and the probability of it
was especially strengthened by the prevalence of
certain soils in the region. However, at the micro level
of individual settlements of graveyards certain
regularities in land assessment shown in the objective
signs that can be identified on the country are traced.
The graveyards of Derevskaya pyatina included in
Krestezkiy uyezd deals with such objective indicators
as worsening assessment of the quality of land
including the availability of various types of clay
which are subsoils of many local soils
The article describes the cooperation of the Soviet
authorities and the Muslim Clergy of the Northern
Caucasus in cultural and educational spheres in the
beginning of the 20-ies in the XX century. The article is
written in the framework of the regional competition of
RFFI: "The North Caucasus: Tradition and Modernity"
in 2017 – Krasnodar region. 17-11-23005 the type of
project «a(p)», the subject is «The Soviet authorities and
the Muslim Clergy of the Northern Caucasus in 1917-
1920s: The Experience of the Cooperation (on the
materials of the Circassian peoples). It is noted that
organization of wide cultural and educational activity
performed by the Bolsheviks on The North Caucasus
was the most important condition for organic
participation of the region into the Soviet social and
political space. The main efforts were concentrated on
the formation and creation of a national script.
Eventually аs a result of the interaction between the
Soviet authorities and the Muslim clergy, there was a
formation of new cultural needs and significant sociocultural
changes in Circassian society in accordance
with the political and ideological demands of the new
government
2017 was declared the year of the "100th anniversary
of the Great Russian Revolution", or else it is called
the "Great Russian Revolution". Such a message was
given to the Address of the President of our country,
V.V. Putin to the Federal Assembly of the Russian
Federation. The authors in the article rightly and
reasonably point out that if the February bourgeois
revolution, despite a number of objective reasons, was
still the apex, palace take-over, October of 1917 was
precisely a revolution, and not some kind of Bolshevik
conspiracy. Why a revolution, not a take-over? The
authors prove and convince the reader that this was
essentially an inter-information socialist revolution,
which radically changed the social system and the
form of ownership. The article proves that the palace
coup, which took place in February and brought
"politicians into dress coats" to power, led to the
victory of October 1917 due to their inaction and
incompetence in the country's political leadership.
None of the exciting question: about the war, peace,
land, factories and factories, the form of state
structure, the Provisional Government was not
allowed. Therefore, due to objective and subjective
reasons, the victory of the Great October Socialist
Revolution broke out
The article is devoted to process of the state
development and emergence of new forms of the
government in the region of the North Caucasus during
the Civil War. The author tells how forms of a political
system and the government in the region after October
revolution of 1917 have changed. He analyzes the
process of emergence of the new military-political
modes and character of a state system in its various
areas. In the article, the political background of
appearance of new forms of statehood and power
organization is also considered. The author equally
investigates the forms of the state life created by
Bolsheviks and their supporters, and the forms of their
political opponents – representatives of the white, antiBolshevist
movement. The author emphasizes that it was
the period of disintegration of traditional Russian
statehood and traditional forms of the organization of the
political power in the region. New options of the state
system which are directly connected with the crisis of
the Russian society in 1917 y. came in the region to
replace the old ones. In some cases, they represented
rather non-standard forms of the organization of the
government, including formation of the Soviet republics
in the territory of the region, appearance of the ataman
power and military dictatorships. On the one hand, they
were based on ethnocultural specifics of regional life,
and on the other hand they were defined by the crisis of
the period of the Civil War
Occupation of the Soviet territory by German fascist
invaders during the Great Patriotic War caused
considerable damage. The Soviet Government
developed legal and regulatory framework for the
methods of assessment of damage. The purpose of this
article is to analyze the legal framework, by the
example of a regulatory act according to which
calculation of damage to the collective farms in the
occupied territories during World War II was made.
The NKVD instruction "On the procedure of
collecting, recording and storage of documentary
materials relating to the atrocities, destruction, looting
and violence of the German authorities in the
occupied Soviet areas" was adopted in May 1942.
Based on the instruction, and under orders of the
NKVD in Elista, events to identify and collect
materials that characterize the crimes of Hitler's
government were carried out. According to these
instructions, materials reflecting Nazi atrocities were
subjected to the mandatory deposit of the State
Archives. The paper gives summary quantitative data
on the results of assessment of damage caused during
the occupation period in August 8, 1942 to January
20, 1943
This article reviews the summary of the annual reports
of the Horde branch of the Astrakhan chamber for state
property and Management of the Kalmyk people,
1848-1892. The Author gave a detailed analysis of the
serving duties of the Kalmyks who had the power de
jure, on the basis of extensive factual material. It
contains data on payment of taxes charged by the
administration and established by the following
legislative acts: by regulations on the management of
the Kalmyk people dated 1834 and regulations for the
management of the Kalmyk people dated April 23,
1847. The difference between these legislative acts
was in determining the size of the duties. The
administration was primarily interested in the total
amount of salary collections and arrears for each type
of individual duty and also as a whole across the
steppe. Due to the specificity the analysis doesn’t show
the whole picture of the duties which came under the
control of the administration, not to mention those who
were outside its competence. The reports represent
accounts for the annual collection of arrears for each of
the duties individually and also in the aggregate. The
so-called statistics of the okladnoy and neokladnoy
taxable estate is conditional in nature
The offered article considers one of key problems of
the Soviet history. It is an activity of governing
bodies of the national economy in the period of the
New Economic Policy in separately taken region —
the Republic of Kalmykia. As a result of a research it
is shown how archival materials and separate types of
sources are used in studying of the designated
problems, how the revealed sources interact between
themselves in research works. The publication of new
archival documents and their variety demonstrate that
the new milestone begins in studying problems of
governing bodies. It is connected not so much with
specific updating of documents as with change of a
technique of the analysis. The main attention begins
to be paid to subjective factors and circumstances. In
this regard further development of source base in
studying of system of governing bodies in Kalmykia
will be defined by modern ideas of the place and a
role of the historical document in understanding of
the past
The modern informational technologies and the
Internet as a part of them are changing our world.
These changes are the reason for genesis of new
theoretical concepts in the middle of XX century,
which research the influence of informational
technologies on spheres of social life. Step by step
we developed different theoretical concepts of
“Informational society”, which try to predict the
prospects of society. We have formed a new term of
“cyberspace”, but scientists still argue about its
meaning. One part thinks that it has only “network”
meaning, which means that cyberspace is only the
Internet, another part understands this term more
widely, include the hardware part in this term. In
this article, the author analyzes different theoretical
concepts which research the question of genesis and
development of informational society, and the
process of forming of the term of “cyberspace”,
research of the process of transformation of “postindustrial
society” into “informational society”,
highlight the main ideas of informational society
concepts
The article deals with issues related to the analysis of
the problems of historical and cultural heritage of the
Civil War, namely, the role of war in the development
of architectural and sculptural symbolism in
Krasnodar. It is stated that the historical and cultural
heritage, which is kept properly and is presented
correctly to younger generation, emerges as a
necessary means of regulation and integration of
contemporary Russian society. It is noted that the
monuments of the Civil War and its participants are a
valuable research material for the most complete study
of the problem of historical and cultural heritage. It is
said that a large number of monuments, that have
become an integral part of the appearance of many
cities of our country, are constructed after the war in
the Soviet Union. Several tens of busts, tombstones
and obelisks has been established for died military and
civilians during the war. Krasnodar was a survivor of a
terrible fratricidal war, where the main element acted
Cossacks, was no exception. Memorial monuments
and obelisks of human tragedy become an important
part of life, both the capital of the Kuban and the
entire Krasnodar Territory as a whole. They allow you
to save a vivid memory of the tragedy of the Civil
War. It is emphasized that Civil War monuments play
evident and significant role in the education of the
young growing generation now. The conclusion is that
the architectural and sculptural symbolism of the Civil
War, which is presented in Krasnodar, is multifaceted
and diverse. Today it is one of the most important
elements of patriotic education and the preservation of
the historical memory of a terrible fratricidal war. The
architectural and sculptural symbolism, which has
prevailed since the end of war and the establishment of
Soviet power, carried out and provides a vital link to
the past present and future, it contributes to
maintaining a sense of patriotism and belonging to the human tragedy of our past
One of the actual directions of studying the history in
modern world is the history of day-to-day life.
Studying the industrial day-to-day life of builders on
shock Komsomol building let us analyze their
problems and the ways to solve them. The author
gives the economic and political pre-conditions of
organizing the patronage under the building of
industrial objects on the South Ural. The concept
“shock Komsomol building” and the classification of
buildings are given. The main objects of Komsomol
patronage which were situated on the territory of
Orenburg area at that time are enumerated. The
problems of women working at the building are
viewed on the materials of Orenburg area. On the
basis of archives the per cent ratio of youth and
women working on the building is given. The
industrial facts influencing on their socialization are
examined. The main attention is given to the
characteristics of industry, providing the builders with
sanitary and domestic conditions of the objects and
uniforms. The important aspect was also maintenance
of safety measures on the building. The hard work of
women who did not have the building education is
stressed. The main spheres of professional
employment of women on the building are
enumerated