The important historical feature of the period examined by us was that the economic events of party and state, conducted in an agrarian sector in his chronologic scopes, were aimed at the correction of defects of former politics in the village conducted from the beginning of collectivization. Politics of soviet guidance in area of agriculture in 1958-1964 carried contradictory enough and inconsistent character. From one side, it fully realized the necessity of changes for this sphere, with other, it could not renounce political and ideological principles and to give large freedom to the peasantry
In the system of the sciences the genealogy is closely connected with the physical and structural anthropology, the historical psychology, demography, ethnography, genetics and other areas of knowledge. It is emphasized that today an important component of any family, except the welfare, the popularity and the existence of the significant state awards (this is a certain template which distorts an essence of the genealogical researches, because it glorifies the persons doing the actions harm to the countries of the world), is the allocation of the other essential qualities of the people. One of such intrinsic characteristics is the patriotism of service to the Fatherland to which there is attention the long-term and laborious research by the several generations of genealogy of the family of Skulsky. In the article оn the basis of the collected several generations of the researchers of unique genealogical information we have proposed an analytical approach to the study of the long history of Russia using the biographical method. In conclusion, we have disclosed the value of this method for the modern science, focused on the development of the interdisciplinary research and the increase of the reliability, objectivity, scientific findings and recommendations. Unique research data since XVI century are provided in article. The biography of two representatives of this noble family is considered in detail
This article is devoted to the studying of one of the most important aspects of learning of life-support and wildlife management systems of hunting of ancient inhabitants of the Northern Black Sea Coast. Such researches are one of the main directions in sphere of studying prehistory of humankind in our country and abroad. The main aim of the research was to create the hunting pattern and to learn the chronological changes, by studying same time materials of Kamennaya Balka II, Tretij Mys, Anetolka II and Amvrosievka.
During this research, the complex analysis of faunistic remainders was conducted with the help of new methods, which were developed by Russian and foreign authors. This led to a number of new high-quality results. The article shows the meaning of data which can be learnt by studying faunistic remainders and importance of such type of sources. The continuation of such research can extend our conception of life of our ancient ancestors
The article explores shift of emphasis in the Third Reich policy in the North Caucasus when agricultural resources of the region became the main object of economic exploitation and one of the most important source of Germany's food supply. Firstly the author shows the place the North Caucasus had in agriculture of the Soviet Union on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. Despite a relatively small area and population, the region played an important role in the production of wheat, corn, sunflower, meat and other products. It is emphasized that the region was of special interest to Germany primarily for its oil fields which allowed solving the fuel problems. But with the failure of Hitler’s "oil plans" the agricultural products became the most important revenue source for the German economy in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The author shows that for stable agricultural exploitation the occupation regime not only refused the collective farms’ accelerated elimination but also adapted them to harvesting crops and saving huge livestock. Using the pro-Nazi newspapers and archival documents, the author reveals the occupier’s methodology of action and propaganda by local supporters of the regime for a timely crops harvest. In conclusion, the results of agrarian policy of Germany in the North Caucasus are shown. This article is intended for specialists in the field of history and economics as well as a wide range of readers
The study of the Russian-Slavic cultural, political and
economic links is quite actual nowadays. At the turn of
18 – 20 centuries Russia was the only independent
Slavic state that was a reason of special attention of
foreign countries. The most intensive contacts in
Slavic world can be found on a regional level. Both
pre-revolutional and modern scientists actively explore
such aspects as resettlement of Bulgarians to the
Kuban, places of their compact location, main
activities and further destiny of its members. There is a
detailed specification of colonization of Bulagarian
landowners from 18 until the beginning of 20 century
in the article, based on the archive documents. Also
described moments of first appearing of Bulgarians on
the Russian territory and particularly in the Kuban.
The article is focused on the main stages of economic
familiarization and adaptation of settlers to the natural
and social features of new locations. The conditions
and forms of vital activities in labor, lifestyle, sociopolitical
and cultural life that are typical for their social
relations are marked in the article. There is also noted
that main occupation of Bulgarian settlers was
horticulture, where they achieved greatest successes
thanks to mastery of artificial irrigation using a special
mechanism for that (a big wheel with attached
vessels); Hothouse economy, that allowed them to
produce thermophilic crops; organization of teams,
that assumed collective labor, labor relations and
mutual support. To sum up, Bulgarian settlers
harmoniously fitted into socio-cultural area of the
Kuban region
The given article explores the political and social processes that were occurred in the Civil War in the sphere of existence of the Russian family. The author examines the nature of family and socio-cultural relations of the Russian population in this period, especially the processes of modification and transformation of family values, the policy of the new leadership came to power in October 1917 in traditional Russian family; he also analyzes the reasons of attempts of reforms permanently taken by the authorities in this sphere of life of the Russian society. The changes taking place after the October revolution of 1917 y. in the Russian society were so profound in nature that lead the thoughts of whether to exist at the family as a social unit in its traditional form or there has come the time of complete denial of family values, the elimination of the family as a special social institution or there comes a time of the formation of new forms of sexual interaction between men and women in accordance with the changed social conditions, such forms that will make their relationship more free and relaxed in social terms. New decrees and laws enacted after October 1917 y. by the Bolshevik government contributed to the transformation of the whole system of family ties; they changed the very basis of the existence of previous family and dictated a new social reality in which there was no place for the values of the past. Everything on what the traditional family was based in Russia, in fact was revoked and there came new norms and rules of family life dictated by the views of the Bolshevik ideologists about relations between the sexes
Questions, which are considered in the article, have been connected with the role of the Great Patriotic War in the geo- graphical, administrative and territorial name changes in the Kuban region. It is pointed out that the place names are valuable research material for the most complete study of the problem of historical and cultural heritage of the Great Patriotic War. It is noted that after the Great Patriotic War the situation, where many of the new names of geographical and administrative-territorial objects went counter to the traditional main function of the place name - address and its purpose-to help orientation in space, continued. It is shown that politically sensitive "military" place names, being an important element of the Soviet propaganda and agitation, were necessary for the ideological support of the authorities, but at the same time, allows you to save memory of the Great Victory. "Military" toponymy, which has prevailed since the end of the Great Patriotic War , carried out a living link with the past present and future. New post-war name of streets, squares, parks, alleys of cities and villages of Kuban dedicated to heroes and events of the Great Patriotic War, helped to preserve a sense of patriotism and belonging to the victory over fascism. The conclusion is that the central government continued to use after the Great Patriotic War the place names as one of the new genres of advocacy and created a new concept of "military" place name, one of the essential component of which is a moral burden that was to have political overtones
The purpose of this article is to study the role and the place of the Bolotokovs, the temirgoy princes’ name, in the military-political events that took place in the Kuban region in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries. The question of the origin and the status of the prince surname Bolotokov is studied, which the legendary Prince Dzhambulat Bolotokov belonged to, "the last one of the old knight generation of the Circassian princes. " Besides him, the most famous temirgoi princes are noted, including his cousin - "senior temirgoi Prince" Misheost Bolotokov. An important place is given to their predecessors - Prince Bezruko Bolotokov, who was trying to create a powerful military and political unification, joining all the "aristocratic" Circassian tribes "in one piece to secure their land and rights against external enemies: Abadzekhs, Shapsugs and Natukhais, but with the preservation of internal control of each tribe on the original terms". The causes of the fact are determined, that despite the periodical participation in hostilities against Russia, the main part or the Temirgoy people under the jurisdiction of the Prince Misheost Bolotokov hold to the solid pro-Russian orientation, which was mentioned by the commander-in-chief of the Russian troops in the Caucasus General A. P. Ermolov, who called Misheost Bolotokov "the most committed to Russia"
In the modern conditions of formation the Institute of military clergy in Russia it is especially important to study of the history of its formation and development. In this article we first focus on coverage of the activities of Cossack Orthodox clergy and its participation in military battles. The article details the activity of the first military archpriests of the Black Sea Cossack army: I. L. Kovalevsky, A. Domashevskij and R. Porokhnya. Based on the analysis of archival documents the article highlighted the specificity of the formation of the military clergy Cossacks, we have also indicated its role in the history of the Kuban. We have considered the problem of terminology as well. The article clearly proves that, prior to the formation of the United Kuban Cossack army, the term of "regimental priests" is applicable only to Linear Cossacks, as the Black sea priests were attached to the whole Cossacks army and therefore had the status of the army; this term was used here until 1920. It is the special situation of the Kuban army of clerics who are simultaneously applied to the spiritual and to the Cossack estate was the main cause of repression against it in the 1920-1930ies. Throughout its history the chaplaincy of the Kuban played an important role in the life of the Cossacks, it was responsible for religious education and Patriotic education. Due to its credibility, and numerous works, the priests were able to maintain the morale of the Cossacks, even during the February revolution. At the time when the Russian army suffered from defections, Kuban regiments were almost not affected, which once again shows the important role of priests in the Kuban history
The history of the Kuban region is inseparably linked with activity of Russian Orthodox Church. The main attention is paid to studying a contribution of the orthodox clergy of Kuban to development of education and study of local history. In this research the author disproves the thesis of the Soviet authors, that Orthodoxy was the opponent of studying and development of education. On the basis of the analysis of various sources the educational activity of orthodox clergy of Kuban is comprehensively considered. The huge contribution to the development of education in Kuban was brought by K.V. Rossinskiy. Due to his efforts by 1825 there were 10 parish schools, one parish spiritual school and a gymnasium. Enlightenment has been considered as a complex system of measures aimed at the development of both intellectual and spiritual features of society. For the first time the author gives allocation periods of educational activity of Russian Orthodox Church, according to the author, there were three stages: 1794-1842; 1842- 1860; 1860-1920. The specifics of each of the periods were also specified in this research, as well as the factors influencing the development of the Kuban education. School construction was the most intensive at the third stage that is connected with the end of the Caucasian war and strengthening of positions of Russian Orthodox Church in this region. A significant amount of place in the article was taken by the analysis of the works of Russian Orthodox Church in a field of education and development of patriotism, the role of orthodox clergy of Kuban in development of study of local lore is also lit. The conclusion about an important role of Russian Orthodox Church in the Kuban history is presented in the summary. The orthodox clergy stood at the origins of the Kuban education and study of local lore. It made a brought contribution in literacy distribution, in strengthening of the spiritual beginnings of society, in preservation for descendants of unique data about the past