Scientific Journal of KubSAU

We studied the effects of heavy metal pollution on soil phytotoxicity cities of the Rostov region. The research objects were the soils of urbolandscape towns: Taganrog, Novocherkassk, Gukovo, Shakhty, Azov. The study of the soil pollution with heavy metals was recorded in Gukovo, Shakhty, Taganrog. The degree of pollution of the studied cities form the following row: Gukovo > Shakhty > Taganrog > basics > Novocherkassk. The research was carried out in 2011-2015 at the Department of ecology and environmental Sciences of southern Federal University. In most cases, there was a direct correlation between pollutant concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties. Used biological indicators are informative for monitoring of urban soils polluted with heavy metal. The degree of informativity of biological indicators form the following row: root length > germination >length of shoots. The results of the study can be used for monitoring and diagnosing the condition of contaminated soils, in the assessment of environmental impact, risk assessment of natural and synthetic disasters, the development of regional standards on the content of heavy metals in soil and in other environmental and industrial activities

The article considers the enzymatic activity and some other ecological and biological properties of zonal soils of the Crimea (cambisol, Chromic cambisol, different subtypes of chernozems). We have revealed significant differences in catalase, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, invertase for soils of the Crimea, which can not be explained only by the content of soil organic matter. Despite the low humus content of the soil, some have a high level of some enzymes. The level of enzyme activity depends on the reaction medium, the content of carbonate and other soil properties. We have also revealed that the agricultural use of brown soils under vineyards leads to a significant change in their properties and enzymatic activity

In the article, we have studied the effect of lead contamination, an alternating magnetic field, their combination on such groups of soil microorganisms, as ammonifying, amylolytic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and micromycetes. The pollution had a significant and different effect on the number of soil microorganisms. The nature and extent of this effect varied depending on the level of impact of each factor, and they were not linear

We have studied changes in flora, humus content, peroxidase activity and polyphenoloxidase in ordinary black soils in natural succession of different-age deposits. We have also selected stage successions in uneven deposits

Agricultural use leads to a significant transformation of soils. The first to use the soil for cultivation react most sensitive biological indicators. The purpose of the study - to establish the effect of using the brown forest soils for planting apple orchards for their biological activity, in particular on the humus content, enzyme activity (catalase and dehydrogenase). For the control, we have selected forest area adjacent to arable land. Because of violations of the natural vegetation, there are changes in hydrothermal conditions of the soil. Humidity soil plowed off under forest, while temperatures gets considerably higher. Plowing, compared with the control, revealed significant loss of humus (50%) in the upper most disturbed horizons. In the lower horizons of the values of this index were quite low (1.5%) on all sections of the test. The decline in humus content, as well as overheating and draining soil tillage results in a change of enzymatic activity not only in the surface layers, but also in the whole profile. Due to the movement of the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in the underlying horizons, an increase of enzyme activity over control values in the deeper layers of the soil. The article shows a possibility of the use of biological indicators as indicators of changes in the brown forest soils as a result of agricultural use

Large agricultural load on the steppe landscapes leads to the transformation of ecosystems and effect on all their components. Transformation of lands into laylands leads to a gradual restoration of anthropogenically disturbed steppe ecosystems. Studies that focus on the research of comprehensive processes in the territory of laylands are extremely relevant today. Herpetobiont fauna is one of the important characteristics of ecology and biology of soils. Herpetobiont Coleoptera can serve as indicators in the study of processes occurring in postagrogenic soils.The article presents the results of the study of changes in mesofauna, composition and structure of complexes of the gerpetobiont Coleoptera of ordinary black soils in natural succession series of different-age laylands. We also evaluated the degree of faunistic similarity of plots of laylands and allocated dominant species. Carabidae and Tenebrionidae are the basis of complex Coleoptera in the investigated laylands. The article shows that such indicators as the number of individuals, species, families of beetles and their dynamic density are depended on the age of the layland. In addition, the indices of biodiversity (Margalef and Shannon) and dominance (Simpson) are also connected with the age of plots of laylands

The main contribution to the soil biological properties change in the combined pollution with lead and an alternating magnetic field makes lead pollution. Contribution of the interaction of factors of 20-30%. The contribution of the alternating field was insignificant or unreliable. Black soil and brown forest soils are similar in degree of resistance to the combined pollution. Grey sands have less stability

In article the problem of environmental pollution by veterinary antibiotics and acquisitions of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to them is considered. In the conditions of field experiment resistance of chernozem microorganisms to pollution oxytetracycline and tylosin is studied

The regularity that increases biological and enzymatic activity with increasing the age of the deposits of 10 to 82 years has been shown. The indicator of recovery of black leached soil steppes can be presented as invert-ase activity and humus content, as well as reducing the density of the soil. Integrated indicator of the biological properties decreases with decreasing age deposits: 82 years (100%) - 26 years (84%) - 16 and 10 years (74%) - arable land (64%)

The number of microarthropods in the black soil de-creased with an increase in the number of oil. The same pattern was observed until a certain concentra-tion of lead in soil (von 250 mg / kg), after which high doses (500 and 1000 mg / kg) was recorded an in-crease in the number of microarthropods. Gamasid mites and ticks of akaroid-trombidiform complex have proven more resistant to lead, and armored mites and springtails - to oil, vise versa