Name
Eremenko Olga Nikolaevna
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
—
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 9
The article presents a comparative assessment of the meat productivity of young cattle of the two most common intensive meat breeds in the Russian Federation (Aberdeen Angus and Hereford) in comparison with the most numerous native in the South of the country domestic breed, which is Kalmyk. Intensive rearing from 9 to 18 months of age was carried out in the conditions of industrial fattening complex on rations not containing juicy forages. In the process of 273-day intensive rearing, in bulls of the tested breeds average daily live weight gains from 1455 to 1526 grams were achieved. During this period, an absolute increase was obtained in Aberdeen-Angus bulls-416.6 kg, in peers of Hereford and Kalmyk breeds-413.6 and 397.2 kg. The highest pre-slaughter live weight and slaughter rates were noted in Aberdeen-Angus bulls, having a yield of a pair carcass of 59.4 % and a slaughter yield of 62.8 %. The meat of Aberdeen-Angus bulls has the highest content of fat and dry matter, but they have less protein, lower pH and moisture binding capacity and a higher loss of meat juice during cooking, compared with the bulls of the Kalmyk breed. It was confirmed that the coefficients of transformation of protein and energy into products are closely related to the intensity of growth and weight of the carcass. The most effective of these indicators were in bulls of Aberdeen-Angus, then Hereford and Kalmyk breeds. A similar pattern between the breeds was manifested in terms of profitability and cost recovery
The problem of providing people with food remains relevant in connection with the growth of the world's population. According to statistics, by the 21st century, the production of all types of food increased by more than 20%, while at the same time, the consumption of food products per capita increased by only 6%. In Russia, the production of food products, including dairy products and beef, is not growing at an insufficient pace. In this regard, in order to stabilize and develop the livestock industry in our country, it is important to improve the material and technical base for transferring it to the intensive path of development - maximum production with the lowest labor and material costs. Based on the achievements of scientific and technological progress and a systematic approach to the production of high-quality products, an intensive direction in the livestock industry should be based, the use of highly efficient milk production technologies, based on the achievements of science and technology, and the management of cost-effective dairy cattle breeding. Of particular strategic importance is the effective improvement of the breeding qualities of cattle and the creation of conditions for the formation and effectiveness of the manifestation of genetic capabilities in animals. Currently, the problem in the livestock sector in Russia is the insufficient provision of the feed base and the introduction of rations in the technology that are adequate to the needs of highly productive animals. Statistics show that in the Russian Federation the manifestation of the genetic potential of livestock is only 60-70%. To solve this problem, fodder production should be improved; the existing set of measures should be effectively used in the development of progressive methods of forage preparation and feeding rationing, taking into account the physiology of animals. Livestock farmers of PJSC "Rodina" of the Kanevsky district of the Krasnodar region, having the status of a breeding plant for cattle breeding of the Holstein breed, reached rather high indicators for improving the genotype of dairy cattle and the effectiveness of its manifestation
Currently, in the Krasnodar region the indicators of
cow productivity are steadily increasing. This was
facilitated by two factors: the improvement of animal
genetics and the introduction of innovations in
technology. Novoplastunovskoe is one of the first
farms, which paid much attention to a significant
change in the technology of dairy cattle. Work began
with the construction of barns "light type" with walls
in the form of opening curtains for the American
project. The premises are equipped with "boxes" for
individual rest of animals with bedding in the form of
sand; automatic heated water logs; on the roof there is
a transparent skate, providing an increase in lighting
and additional ventilation; ceiling fans and additional
water sprinklers are installed to regulate the
microclimate. The milking parlor is equipped with
high-tech equipment and is integrated with the Israeli
computer program “AfiFarm”. Research was carried
out on an estimation of zoohygienic conditions in the
winter and summer periods; the technology of
processing and clearing sand - bedding for animals is
studied; the interior and exterior characteristics of the
cows of the Ayrshire and Holstein breeds adapted to
the new conditions have been determined; with the
help of the computer program “AfiFarm”, the
dynamics of single and daily milk yields, the content
of fat and protein in milk; calculated economic
indicators of milk production from different breeds of
animals
The modern cattle breeding in Russia is
characterized by dynamic development, development
of intensive technologies, increase in production, but
at the same time, there are problems of increase in
production of milk due to increase of dairy efficiency
of cows at the most effective manifestation of the
available level of their genetic potential. For the
solution of this problem, i.e. for genetic
improvement of dairy cattle, creation of new breeds,
intra pedigree or zone types, more than 100 thousand
of bulls with high genetics, and also 430 thousand
heifers were delivered to Russia for the last 10 years.
In this regard, the purpose of our researches was to
study the level of genetic potential of dairy cows in
breeding farms of "Nasha Rodina" of Gulkevichsky
region, Vasyurinsky milk farm of Dinsky region, the
Firm «Agrocomplex» of Vyselkovskiy region
(Gazyrskoye enterprise), "Urozhay" of Kanevskoy
region from 2000 to 2014, by using bulls of
Golshtinsky breed. Researches have shown that in
farms of the Krasnodar region producers with the
high level of potential from 10791,0 kg to 12045 kg
on milk were yield used on a breeding uterine
livestock; from 4,22 to 4,40% of fat; from 3,32 to
3,49% of protein in milk. As a result the level of
potential of daughters of bulls and cows in herds of
farms was from 7774 to 9144 kg of milk; from 3,89
to 4,05% of fat; from 3,26 to 3,67% of protein in
milk. However, genetic potential of new generation
of animals is shown not completely. It is influenced
by partial compliance of the created technological
conditions of biology of animals, and indicators of
breeding value of producers, with their prepatent
indicators. Calculations of breeding value indexes of
bulls – fathers of cows in the herd of "Urozhay" have
shown that each bull has its breeding value, an
ability to transfer the qualities to posterity. Bulls of
Golshtinsky breed of red – motley color ( Pan 2037
and Tulup 78160689), by results of comparison of
milk yields of daughters, mothers and
contemporaries, had negative prepatent indexes of
milk yield and milk protein content (according to
F.F. Eysper and V. Sidorova). The data confirm the
need of carrying out an obligatory index assessment
of bulls before their use on the farm in order to avoid receiving descendants with low dairy efficiency
Milk productivity of cows is largely dependent on the efficiency of their own genetic potential. For the successful solution of this question it this essential the creation of proper technological conditions for high live stock process of ontogeny beginning from the neonatal period. One of the significant factors that influence the growth, development and safety of young grows in early of young grows in early postembryonic period are zoo-hygienic conditions of calves. Currently the "cold" method of keeping calves in individual houses is developed and widely used. It promotes the increase in the intensity of growth by 8,1%, prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract improving hygienic conditions and rising of profitability of their growing by 4,2%. It is now that calves kept individual houses in the face of increasing wind and decreasing temperatures as well as high humidity of air environment in winter, feel discomfort, move less, stay lying on the litter in the house. For the purpose of warming the animals in cold frosty days keeping outside in the houses, increasing their viability, growth intensity and the guarantee of prevention gastrointestinal tract and pulmonary system diseases development the staff of the Department of private zoo techniques (animal genetics) and pig-keeping from Kuban State Agrarian University have developed Popona - blanket-clothes for calves, which will allow to redirect received from feed energy to a calf growth. It will happen by reducing energy consumption for heating the body and prevent the development of colds due to the formation and preservation of the heat in the body in the absence of wet wool on with the external precipitation