Name
Melnik Olga Aleksandrovna
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
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Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
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Articles count: 2
During the last century, in the biosphere occur expressed processes of soil degradation due to anthropogenic influence, which seriously change of top layer of soil. The agricultural landscape is allocated of noticeable accumulation of various wastes at expense of growing of food crops and grazing of farm animals, as well as due to mineral wastes generated in process production of building materials and fertilizers from natural raw. According to physical and chemical characteristics of wastes of plant origin and natural-raw wastes constitute a non-toxic highly dispersed connection with an admixture of different undecomposed organic and mineral substances. Specificity of physical state is determined there of high dispersion, which is represented by system particles of colloidal substances distributed in various environments. Colloids of natural-raw wastes are characterized by a low rate of diffusion; do not penetrate finely porous membrane of cell structures, different very nonequilibrium insolubility and specific chemical composition. For example, phosphogypsum is characterized by high concentration of sulfur and calcium, and trace amounts of entire table of D.I. Mendeleev. Organic wastes are made by variety of chemical compounds and high concentration of carbohydrates, proteins, fats and other organic substances
The results of scientific investigations in specifying
environmental and faunal composition of soil
invertebrates at agricultural landscapes of steppe zone
of the Krasnodar region are presented this article.
Observed territory is represented with four main
classes of animals: Insecta (insects), Crustacea
(cancroid), Myriapoda (myriapod), Olygochaeta
(worms with small bristles). Those animals were the
subject of further descriptions of territory. Some
peculiarities and regularities of quantity and taxonomic
compound of mesofauna, depending on technological
methods that are being used for cultivation of
agricultural crops in experimental farming JSC
“Zavety Il’icha” of the Leningrad district, are
considered. The observed area is mostly populated
with soil inhabitants (68,7%) that include such families
as Geophilomorpha (geofila), Lithobiomorpha
(drupes), Julidae (millipede), Enchytraeidae,
Lumbricidae (earth worms). It was found that the use
of complex compost (as an alternate method of
cultivating the winter wheat and the sugar beet) has a
positive impact on a biological activity of ordinary
chernozem. The introduction of complex compost
optimized the ecological state of agrolandscape
system, which is associated with activation of biophilic
elements at upper soil layer. An upgrade of soil
structure, water-holding capacity and agrochemical
properties creates enabling environment for the vital
activity of invertebrates and for their trophic
cooperation with the habitats