Currently, due to the risk of global warming because
of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, carbon-deposit function of forest
ecosystems, thanks to which stabilization of gas
composition of the atmosphere takes place, has great
importance [1]. Forest is one of the main components
of the biosphere. Forests protect soil from erosion,
provide stability hydrological regime of rivers, supply
atmosphere with oxygen, biologically active
substances, purify of harmful impurities, create
optimal environmental conditions and play an
important environmental role. However, because of
intensive anthropogenic influence (unregulated
logging, technogenic environmental pollution
recreation) forest ecosystems are experiencing stresses
at which irreversible processes of degradation of
communities of economically valuable main forestforming
species of both natural and artificial origin
take place [6]. Evaluating carbon-deposit function of
forest plantations, CO2 emissions to the atmosphere
through the soil respiration must be taken into account,
which can vary within wide limits. Productivity of
forests is largely driven by carbon dioxide, released
from the soil. Soil carbon dioxide provides demand of
forest plants for photosynthesis. With increasing
intensity of soil respiration, positive balance is
maintained [2]. Based on the method of V.I. Tarankov
for evaluation of carbon-deposit and oxygen-producing
functions of wood cenoses [2], similar research is
carried out in RSI "Kuban forestry", the KarachayCherkessia
Republic
The article scientifically substantiates and
experimentally confirms the high efficiency of the
nano biological feed supplement "NaBiKat" in diets of
broiler chickens of the "Cobb-500" cross. The
supplement is a new complex with a mixture of rice
germ films, green tea gallocatechin in chelated form,
and forty-nine trace elements in chelated form,
including biosoluble form of silicon. The main
function of silicon is to be involved in a variety of
intermediate exchange reactions as a catalyst and to
ensure normal flow of vital mechanisms as a coupler
helping to combine cellular molecules into a whole
functioning structure. Silicon begins to act on the body
when getting into the lumen of the gastrointestinal
tract with the feed. It activates the enzyme system of
the body and in ionic form is absorbed by kind of
ordinary diffusion along almost the entire small and
large intestine beginning from the jejunum. The
supplement studied has been proved to improve the
morphological structure and biochemical properties of
blood, to enhance metabolism, redox processes, and
the level of natural resistance. The broilers fed the
supplement "NaBiKat" in the experimental groups
have been found to have a higher concentration of
macro- and micronutrients in blood. The nano
biological silicon-containing supplement as a
compound of in the composition of feed for chickens
had a positive effect on their growth and development
An analysis of the state of contamination of rice crops
with red-grained forms was carried out, as well as
impurity was found both in the seed material and in
the soil. It was shown that there is a need to switch to
non-weeding seed growing technology when
conducting elite and reproductive seed production.
Various variants of soil cultivation in combating the
red rice forms are considered, both in the main and in
the pre-sowing treatment. It has been found that after
harvesting rice on heavily foul areas, it is better to
burn straw, and not to carry out autumn tillage of the
soil, the seeds of red-grained forms die mostly when
wintering on the soil surface. The most effective
method of soil cultivation for controlling of red rice
forms in seed crops has been identified, in which the
yield is increased, and the contamination of crops and
the resulting rice grain is significantly reduced. The
work carried out will allow reducing manual labor
costs in the production of seeds, improving their
quality and assortment, speed up variety changing and
variety updating
Urban trees can provide multiple environmental
benefits. The study of the state of the street tree and
shrubby vegetation from the analysis of inventory data
and environmental conditions is purpose the article.
The structure of 11 types of street roadside vegetation,
which determines about 93% of the greenery
composition of the city of Ekaterinburg is considered.
The structure of the examined tree-shrub vegetation
and all vegetation, which is part of the greening of
Ekaterinburg, is compared. For each tree (shrub) was
measured: species, number of stems, diameter of stem
at 1,3 m, tree height, height to base of live crown,
crown width, percent of branch dieback in crown,
percent of canopy volume devoid of leaves, number of
sides of the tree receiving sunlight from above,
distance and direction to building, distance to road. As
a result, homogeneity of illumination of various plant
species is received. Ash ordinary has the largest of all
plants values of the percent of the missing crown
(61.3%) and closest distance to the road. The effect on
the plants (by average distance) of urban buildings (7-
30 meters) and the proximity of the roadway (3-7
meters) was observed
In the article there were analyzed the different approaches of Soviet and Russian authors to the assessment of soils regarding to agro-ecological factors. There was given the characteristic of natural-economic zones territorially entering the Azov-Kuban lowland by main soil-climatic indexes. There was considered the valuation of soils which determines their relative value and suitability on main factors of natural fertility or their groups, it serves as a criteria of unification of soils into agro-ecological groups. There were shown the main indexes and order of grouping of soils under unification of different soils into agro-ecological groups. There was calculated the “normative” productivity of main agricultural crops on natural-economic zones of Azov-Kuban lowland which defines the agro-productive value of soil. There were revealed the disadvantages of soil assessment method used in the course of state cadastre valuation of agricultural lands asserted by the order of the Ministry of Economic Development from 20.09.2010 № 445. There were cited the specific rates of cadastre cost (SRCC) of agricultural lands on municipal entities of Krasnodar region. There was given the assessment of obtained data regarding to natural-climatic factors of the region, there were made proposals on optimization of trends of further researches on claimed problem
Analysis of rice market in the country was conducted,
as well as assortment of rice products was studied. It is
shown that rice is the most popular grain in Russian
Federation and in percentage of cereal products in
shops they occupy 29% and in diet of Russian people
– 41%. It is found that in Russia round grain japonica
varieties are the most popular kind. It is mentioned
that for the last years consumer market demands
diversity of rice products, including long-grain and
exclusive varieties, imported from abroad. It is shown
that in big cities demand for such products has
increased from 5% to 15%. Analysis of milled rice
balance was conducted. It is found that volume of
milled rice in the domestic market of the country is
annually about 680-800 thousand tons exceeding the
average demand value by 54,8 to 172,3 thousand tons.
Promising breeding directions are observed for
increasing assortment of rice products in Russian
markets with a view to import substitution. It is
mentione that Russian breeders have developed group
of exclusive varieties: Rubin, Mars, Viola, Violetta,
Avstral, Ivushka, Natasha, Aromir etc. It is shown that
special purpose varieties currently occupy 3,5% of rice
acreage in the Krasnodar region and their cost is by
20-70% higher than that of traditional rice varieties. It
was found that for their implementation into
production and promotion on the consumer market we
need to develop agricultural techniques of cultivation
and seed production scheme in accordance with the
biological characteristics, conduct marketing
activities, promotion of a healthy diet
Soil profiles were made in intensive apple orchard in the agricultural enterprises in Lipetsk and Tambov regions in 2015. Drip irrigation in year rates of 500-550 m3 was carried out since 2010. During the research we determined the soil density, the solid phase density, aggregate composition, particle size distribution, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and humus by conventional methods. As a result of drip irrigation can increase dust-like fraction in dark gray forest soil, whereas in chernozems this index did not change significantly. In the black earth soil was noted the process of increasing the proportion of mud fraction due to mineral part chernozem destruction. In both soil types was increased sand content. It was found that drip irrigation improves some of the soil water-physical properties, such as a soil structure coefficient and the content of agronomical valuable aggregates in a layer of 20-40 cm. There was also noted that with increasing soil depth was reduced humus and hydrolyzable nitrogen content. In aggregate analysis, it was found that dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased, while meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. Data of the aggregate analysis revealed that in the dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased as a result of drip irrigation, while in meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. It recommends by drip irrigation application permanent monitoring of the soil humus content
Intensification of agriculture during the twentieth
century was accompanied by an increase in
international trade, resulting in the resettlement of
many species across continents. As a result of these
processes, many adventives species have become
economically significant and dangerous plants in agro
and urban biosensors. One such plant is Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L., imported from North America to
Russia. The use of chemical means of suppression of
A. artemisiifolia L. often does not give positive results
in agrocenoses, because of its biomorphological
features. In urban areas, within the boundaries of
sanitary zones, the use of chemicals is prohibited.
Therefore, the most promising direction in the
suppression of ragweed ambrosia is the ecologies
method. The article discusses the possibility of using
an ambrosia leaf beetle in the feeding of ragweed in
the territory of Russia
The nutrient structure of fruits of the Mountain ash of
ordinary Sorbus aucuparia L., sloe of Prunus spinosa
and their extracts is investigated. Inside them, the
standard methods in biochemistry have determined the
content of extractive substances, sugars, titrable acids,
vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectinaceous
substances. Results of analyses demonstrate that the
fruits of wild plants ripening in the conditions of
Dagestan – mountain ashes and sloe - can be
effectively used as raw materials for receiving extracts
which are rich in vitamins, carbohydrates and phenolic
connections. The possibility of production of highquality
nutrient-rich extracts from these fruits with
application of various technological modes and ways
of extraction is revealed: duration of insisting of raw
materials; various concentration of ethanol in an
extractant and ratios raw materials/ extractant. Results
of researches demonstrate that at a ratio of raw
materials/extractant 1:3 and the 70% content of ethanol
in the extractant have come the greatest extraction
from vitamin fruits P (routine) and phenols which
made respectively 56,0-65,7% and 51,4-68,3%.
Increase in extraction of titrable acids and vitamin C is
noted at 50% concentration of ethanol in the
extractant. The maximum release of sugars has come
from all fruit substrata at 30% ethanol in the
extractant. Results of biochemical analyses of extracts
have shown that carrying out extraction in the way of
double insisting on condition of selection of optimum:
concentration of ethanol in the extractant, ratios of the
raw materials/ extractant and the best time of insisting, allow to provide on average a 55-60% exit of nutrients
from the studied fruit raw materials
The article discusses the hybridological analysis of the
inheritance of plant resistance of winter wheat to
brown rust Putignano. For this purpose, we performed
the analysis on the varieties of wheat of local selection,
studied immunological reaction to R. triticina in
connection with the types of wheat resistance to leaf
rust pathogen. In the work, we considered the different
immunological parameters (type of plant response to
the introduction of the pathogen, the intensity of
infection of plants, the size of urediniospores, the
number of urediniospores in one urediniomycetes, the
amount of time from the time of inoculation until the
beginning of the first urediniomycetes (i.e. a measure
of latent period) and the area under the curve of
disease development). Study of the inheritance of the
type of plant responses to the introduction of the
pathogen by the method of hybridological analysis
revealed that this immunological reaction can be
controlled by both dominant and recessive genes.
Monogenic control of resistance in our study was
fairly uncommon and installed from THERE 200
varieties and Purdue 5396. It is shown that the
majority of the examined lines type of plant response
to the introduction of the leaf rust pathogen is
controlled, as a rule, several genes with different types
of interaction. The results of hybridological analysis
allow to draw a conclusion about what type of plant
response to the introduction of the parasite – an
integral indicator that takes into account the
morphological peculiarities of urediniomycetes (the
size and number of urediniospores produced in them)