Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Introduction of mineral fertilizers is performed by centrifugal devices. By quantity of disks, centrifugal devices distinguish one disk and two-disk. On the volume of capacities for storage of mineral fertilizers distinguish bunker and body. Bunker contains volume from 0.5 to 1.5m3. Body has capacity more 2m3. Advantages of bunker centrifugal devices are noted. Material from the bunker moves on a centrifugal disk perpendicular to the rotation plane. At the time of material capture by shovels, crushing of particles and their reflection from shovels and the plane of a disk takes place. It leads to increase in unevenness of introduction of mineral fertilizers. At EMTP chair of the Kuban GAU the centrifugal device with supply of material along shovels is developed. The scheme of the centrifugal device is submitted. A device for introduction of mineral fertilizers contains the one-disk centrifugal device, the cone-shaped bunker and the cylindrical batcher. The batcher gate regulates supply of material on a disk. The technique of determination of design and technological data of the developed design is presented. The place of supply of material on a disk is regulated by rotation of the batcher round a vertical axis. The norm of supply of material on a disk changes the batcher gate. Preliminary control of a place of giving is made on model material with coefficient of friction of f 1. Under production conditions, turn of the batcher from initial situation is made depending on coefficient of friction of the f2 fertilizers. At f1 ˃ f2 turn of the batcher against the direction of rotation of a disk, and at f1 ≤ f2 turn of the batcher in the direction of rotation of a disk

The best predecessors for sowing grain are grains and legumes, tilled cultures and perennial grasses. The precursor also determines the choice of the tillage type. The imperfection of the working bodies of the machines for soil treatment is the main reason for the increase in the complexity of preparing soil for sowing. In recent years, domestic manufacturers have been producing combined working machines that perform several technological operations in one pass. To prepare soil for sowing grain there have been selected disk units and working machines which were tested on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station. They fit well with the existing technology. It is rational to conduct tillage of soil for tall crops and perennial grasses by the disc cutter BDM-4×4. The disc cutter efficiently prepares the soil for seed bed cultivation on tilled precursors in one pass or two passes. It is efficient to conduct tillage on grain precursors by the stubble cultivator KSP-6, by the disc combined unit AKD-3 or DCN - 3.3. After grain predecessors the disc guns prepare soil for seed bed cultivation in two passes, and after perennial grass in a single pass. According to the results of the trials on the Kuban State Zonal Machine-Station the stubble cultivator KSP-6 efficiently prepares soil for sowing in one pass of the unit. The block-module cultivator MSC provides high quality pre-sowing cultivation simultaneously with sowing. There was proposed the method of equipping the unit so that it would provide usage of the data and technical characteristics of the tractor and physico-mechanical properties of the soil for which the technological operation is to be done. The proposed method determines the transmission ratio for which the amount of slipping does not exceed the permissible values in agro requirements. The value of the theoretical speed is calculated for the given transmission. Operating speed is determined taking into account the slip values

The main direction of reducing the cost of soil treatment based on resource-saving technologies is the transition to surface treatment of soil with disk tools. Double-row and four-row disc tools are manufactured. Four-row tools significantly increase tillage intensity. In the disk tools, the spherical disc is fixed on the individual pole. Disc headers are equipped with a rigid adjustment fixing the standalone pole to the frame. Recommended operating speed is up to 12 km/h. The advantage of a disc header over the disc harrow is as follows: winding plant residues on the axis are excluded. Disc mulchers are equipped with a spiral bar on which a spherical disk is mounted. The presence of the elastic element allows the working unit to do lowfrequency oscillations during movement. The result of processing is the formation of mulch in the layer of soil, which is a mixture of plant residues and soil particles with a diameter of up to 25 mm. To assess the effectiveness of the disc mulcher and the disc header a unit is composed. The initial data for calculation are as follows: tractor HTZ-150K, the resistivity of the soil is 6 kN/m, disk tool working width is 4 m, operating speed of the disc header is 12 km/h, operating speed of the disc mulcher is 15 km/h. Technical and economic performance of these units is defined during disking the soil. The choice of energy-saving operating regime was made in a well-known manner. Theoretical value of slippage of the leading tractor with disk mulcher was 6%, against 9% with the disc header. Working speed of the mulcher made up 14.07 km/h against 10,89 of the disc header. The performance of the unit with the mulcher made up 16.21 hectares, disc harrow performance is 12,54 ha. Fuel mass flow of mulcher decreased by 29% and made 9.68 kg/ha. Using mulcher for surface treatment of the soil allows to reduce the tillage energy costs thanks to resource-conserving technologies

Minimum tillage technology (mini till) is based on soil preparation for sowing by disk working organs. The spherical disc serves as a ploughshare and a blade and provides soil crumbling. There are two options for placement discs: a battery one on the X-axis with an individual bar. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of the battery attack. The distance between the tracks of the spherical discs on the common axis is 220 mm. In processing the soil with plant residues there is winding of stems on the axis which causes the disc jamming. The structural layout of the spherical disk on the individual axis with individual counter has none of these shortcomings. Spherical discs on the individual pole are placed on the frame in parallel rows. The working depth is adjusted by changing the angle of attack of each series. The number of rows on the harrow ranges from two to four. In the three-row harrow the front row is divided into two equal parts, with the working bodies being installed with the opposite direction of the bulge. The recommended working speed of the harrow is up to 12 km / h. The non-standard location of the disk of the mulcher on the spiral rack makes it possible to perform the following functions: crushing and incorporation of crop residues into soil, mulching. The number of rows of the mulcher is two or four, and the speed is of 15 - 18 km / h. The analysis of the data specifications of the harrows and mulchers with a different number of rows and different needs for the engine power of the tractor has been made. There has been determined the empirical dependence of the total number of disks upon the working width of the harrow and the mulcher. Dependence of the minimum power of the tractor upon the working width with different number of rows of the harrow and the mulcher was determined. It was found that at the same working widths, the double row harrow has the smallest value of the minimum power. At the fixed width, the double row mulcher has the highest value of the minimum power

When sowing grain we apply resource saving technologies-technologies such as «no till» and a technology called «mini-till». «No till» involves planting crops on untreated surfaces. "Mini-till" is designed for the planting with minimum tillage. During the movement of the sowing unit on these agricultural backgrounds we can see working bodies tipping out. Stabilization of the drilling depth is ensured in two ways - by moving part of the weight of the planter on the opener or the installation of ballast weights. Openers of grain drills for resource saving technologies for grain crops can be divided into three groups – foot, disc and anchor. Disc coulter has varieties – single disc, double disc and montesquiu coulter. To analyze the cost of power for the operation of the opener, the following indicators – the minimum engine power of the tractor on the coulter and engine power of tractors per unit of working width. The calculation of the indicators was conducted using data the technical specifications of the planter. Snow coulter drill AGRATOR4800 provides a wide spread planting strip of 10-15cm. The minimum power of the engine of the tractor on the opener is 7.5 HP minimum power of tractor engine per unit of working width 25 HP/m. Double disc opener planter Great Plains has a minimum engine power of the tractor on the opener 2.7 HP and per unit of working width 26.0-28.44 HP/m. Planter equipped with disc knife for strip tillage. The planter Condor 1201 is provided with a chisel opener «ConTeC». The engine power of the tractor on the opener of the planter is 4.58 HP, the engine power of the tractor unit working width constitute l8.33 HP/m. This grain seeder has reduced power losses and provides sowing with a «no till» technology

There has been developed the design of the single disc centrifugal apparatus with the feed of the granular material along the blades. The scattering disc consists of blades, on the top shelf there is a flat disc with air intake windows (deflector). The purpose of the deflector is to eliminate the reflection of particles at the moment of contact with the blade and create a passing air flow to increase the range of flight of the particles. The analysis of the constructive scheme of the scattering disk showed that the amount of air coming inside the scattering disk is affected by the width of the window and the tilt angle of the deflector body. There was determined the dependence of the window width from the angle of the deflector body and height. Based on the analysis of the design there have been determined the limits of setting the window width and the tilt angle of the deflector body. The angle of the deflector body changes in the rate of 90 to 320 . Increasing the tilt angle of the deflector body leads to a proportional reduction of the window width. There have been set the intervals of variation of factors. There have been chosen the symmetrical composite plan of the second order and have been made a matrix of the experimental design. As a function of the response factor there have been taken a relative accuracy coefficient. The implementation of the experiment allowed us to determine the value of the regression coefficients. The adequacy of the regression equation to the equation obtained was performed by the Fisher test. It was determined that the equation adequately describes the technological process. For the analysis of this equation it was turned to the canonical form by moving the origin to a new point and turning at a certain angle of 14,950. The analysis of the canonical equations allowed the authors to determine the optimal values of the studied factors. The window width of the deflector is 22 - 25 mm, the angle of the body of the deflector is 8 - 120