Name
Slavyanov Andrey Stanislavovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Web site url
—
—
Articles count: 14
Unfavorable changes in exchange rates, sanctions restrictions on the supply to Russia of spare parts necessary for the repair and maintenance of previously imported equipment have led to a significant reduction in the service life of imported machinery and equipment. For the solution, the authors propose to implement the strategy of retro-innovations providing the development of new technologies maintaining in working condition of machinery and equipment in conditions of shortage of spare parts and consumables. To do this, it is necessary to develop technologies for the restoration of complex technical devices in order to extend their service life under the restrictions created by the financial market and sanctions policy. The study of the problem was carried out on the example of the operation of trucks of foreign production, the evaluation of engine life and analyzed the structure of the market. On the basis of the obtained results, a model was proposed, on the basis of which it is possible to form a plan for the production of spare parts for high-quality engine repair by domestic enterprises. The strategy of retro-innovations does not solve all the problems of import substitution, but it allows to increase the level of economic security of strategically important economic activities, it creates jobs and provides an opportunity to significantly extend the life of expensive and complex technical devices
In the article we consider problems of transition of an
economic system to the new technological way. Success
depends on degree of readiness of system for
institutional changes and availability of necessary
resources. Assessment of a condition of system plays an
important role in the choice of management decisions
on its upgrade. Delay with transition to new
technological way or, on the contrary, its stimulation in
system, not ready to changes, leads to serious, negative
consequences for the reformed economy. Change of
technological way leads to the release of capital which
goes to the financial markets, entering crisis chaos into
the system. The task of the state consists in timely
reaction on developed, during transition to new way, a
situation and the direction of financial flows in key
technologies of new way. The new system of
assessment of a condition of system and a stabilization
effort is offered during the change of technological way
The article considers the problem of increasing the efficiency of budget expenditures due to the transfer of military technology to the civilian sector of the economy. An analysis of foreign experience has shown that private companies are widely involved in a number of states to solve some of the infrastructure problems in the military sphere. In the USA, private companies provide communications and provide other information services to state power structures, which makes it possible to develop private business on the one hand and save budget expenses on the other. An analysis of domestic experience has shown that the use of military technologies for the production of civilian products and services in some cases can significantly save time and other resources. A model for the interaction of civilian companies with the defense complex and a diffusion model of military technologies have been developed. The article proposes creation of new structures that solve the problems of adapting military technologies to the requirements of civilian customers, as well as a database of adapted technologies and a technical investment center that supports small and medium-sized enterprises in the acquisition of equipment and technical documentation. The authors believe that the approaches proposed in the article to solving the problem of technology transfer will stimulate innovative activity in the country, reduce import dependence and increase the efficiency of budget expenditures
The practice of separate financing of projects of civil
and defensive nature, which has been developed in
Russia, requires, in the conditions of an aggravation
of an international situation, increase in costs for
carrying out researches and developments what to go
a heavy burden on the federal budget. The analysis
of international experience shows that industrially
developed countries successfully solved this problem
by means of distribution of dual-use technologies.
The special effect is reached in space activities
where dual-use technologies are widely used in the
organization of communication, broadcasting and
monitoring of the land surface. In the article, policy
of usage of military technologies in civil sector of
economy of the USA, Germany and China is
analyzed. The policy of distribution of dual-use
technologies leads to decrease in load of the budget
and promotes attraction of a private equity in
researches and developments. The main directions
are conversion, sale of information from military
companions to the commercial organizations and
acquisition by military of information from
commercial companions here. Backwardness of the
market relations, impracticality of controlling
mechanisms, developments and carrying out
scientific and technical policy and other problems can become the main obstacle in a way to
distribution of dual-use technologies in Russia.
However, instability of the revenues of the Russian
budget caused by volatility of the prices of energy
resources and other external factors puts the most
important priority of national economic policy
development and distribution of double technologies