Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article provides an overview of Express-methods of quality evaluation and identification of lipidcontaining plant raw materials (oil seeds) and its processed products (oil cakes, oilseed meals, vegetable oils, lecithins) using pulse method of nuclear magnetic resonance. Development of express methods of quality evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant raw materials and products of its processing is a priority, as these methods are environmentally safe and also allow us to regulate technological conditions of refining processes, are characterized by low error of determination, i.e., high precision, and, in some cases, it is only possible to use because of its non-destructive effects on the analyzed sample. Currently, we can distinguish the following main directions of quality evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant raw materials and products of its processing on the basis of the pulse method of nuclear magnetic resonance: assessment of quality and identification of oilseeds (sunflower, canola, flax, soybeans); evaluation of quality of products of processing of oil raw materials (cake and meal); the quality evaluation and identification of vegetable oils; assessment of the quality of the lecithins obtained from vegetable oils. The methods of quality evaluation and identification of lipid-containing plant raw materials and its products are patented and have several advantages: short time (5 minutes) spent on the implementation of the single analysis; eliminates the use of toxic chemicals; does not require special training of laboratory personnel; non-destructive character, which is especially important for oilseeds from the point of view of breeding work. On the basis of the conducted survey we can conclude that the pulse method of nuclear magnetic resonance has found wide application for assessment of quality and identification of lipidcontaining plant raw materials and products of its processing, through rapid capabilities, high accuracy and ease of analysis

Technologies of fruits storing known at the present time, solving actual problems – slowing down biochemical processes, inhibiting ethylene synthesis, do not provide fully the preservation of quality of fruits due to not taking into consideration the peculiarities of microflora of fruits and microbiological processes, taking place during storage. Purpose of the research: investigation of influence of complex treatment of fruits with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (ELF EMF) and the biopreparation “Vitaplan” on changing of losses of biologically active substances in the process of longterm storage. Objects of the research: apples of the Idared variety and pears of the Conference variety, regionalized in the Krasnodar region. Mass shares of the vitamin C and P-active substances were measured in the process of storing. ELF EMF treatment was conducted on an experimental installation. Fruits were exposed to the action of electromagnetic fields with specified parameters. Complex treatment of fruits (apples and pears) with ELF EMF and the biopreparation “Vitaplan” before dispatching for storage allows preserving the biologically active substances – the vitamin C and P-active substances – to the maximum degree. Synergetic effect, appearing due to the complex action of electromagnetic field and the bio-preparation, allows decreasing the processing time in the electromagnetic field

The article presents data, on the basis of which we have concluded that the oil and phospholipids contained in soy lecithins, the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids differ significantly from oil and phospholipids contained in sunflower lecithins, with differences in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids of oil and phospholipids contained in sunflower and soy lecithins, leads to differences in the content of resonating protons, and, consequently, the level of amplitude values of NMR signals of protons of the investigated lecithins. It is established that the values of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons of each of the four components of sunflower lecithins differ from the values of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons the component of soy lecithins, which confirms the differences in the composition and content of fatty acids lecithins studied. Considering quantitative characteristic of mass fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, i.e. phospholipids, is the sum of the amplitudes of the NMR signals of protons of the third (A3) and fourth (A4) component, was built the graphical dependence of the mass fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, from the value of (A3+A4)/ASIS, % which is described by the equation (correlation coefficient R2 =0,9911) of the following form: y=0,8177x +2.52. Based on these data, we have developed a rapid method of determining the mass fraction of substances insoluble in acetone, soy lecithin, eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents, is environmentally safe, which is protected by RF patent for the invention

The article provides experimental data, which help to substantiate the effectiveness and feasibility of application of plant resources, produced by the rubbing of the pears in the production process of puree as raw material for the production of secondary food additive. For the first time, with the use of pulsed NMR it is established that processing of secondary resources of pears processing in UHF EMF influence on the redistribution of bound and free moisture, i.e., the maximum transition was for linked moisture to free moisture, noted in the processing of secondary resources in UHF EMF with the rate of heating (increase in temperature) 0,4 °С/s to a temperature of 60 °С. It is established that such processing of secondary resources of processing of pears allows to increase the average speed of the subsequent IR-drying and reduce the time IR drying in 2 times in comparison with IR-drying of control sample (without pretreatment in UHF EMF). Pre-treatment of secondary resources of processing of pears to UHF EMF for the identified modes allows for their subsequent IR-drying to reduce the loss of vitamin C, 23.9% and P-active substances – by 20.6% compared with the control sample. We have developed technological modes of production of food additives from secondary resources of processing of pears, providing maximum preservation in its composition of thermolabile biologically active substances – vitamin C and P-active substances. On the basis of these studies, there was developed a set of technical documentation, including TU 10.39.25-423- 040801346-2016 "Food additive. Pear Powder" and a technological instruction for the production of food additives

The article presents the results of the patent research in the field of modern production technologies of Inulin from plant material. It has been established that the differences of the currently known methods of production of inulin are concluded in selecting raw materials pretreatment inulin-containing modes type extractant and extraction methods, methods of purification inulincontaining extract and methods for producing the final product. A significant amount of Inulin production methods is based on use of freshly feedstock. A number of methods have been patented involving the extraction Inulin from plant raw materials previously stabilized by drying. In most of the methods, inulin extraction is carried out at elevated temperatures with water or aqueous salt solutions. Several technologies involve extraction with organic solvents at low temperatures. Have been patented several processes in which the extraction is replaced by a separation process using inulincontaining juice and physical and mechanical methods. Some of the known processes provide for the extraction process to further operations, such as blanching vegetable raw materials, sonication, vibration impact, processing enzymes. The most promising direction to improve manufacturing technology of inulin from fresh plant raw materials is to conduct research on the use of electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies, the inactivating effects of which on enzyme systems is an established fact that, in turn, would eliminate the use of chemical agents for inactivation of oxidative enzymes. In addition, considering that more effective are the methods for the preparation of inulin from freshly harvested plant material, are relevant researches on development of innovative technologies to prepare it for storage and its storage, which will provide inhibition of unwanted biochemical and microbiological processes that occur during storage and lead to a loss of inulin

The article lists the characteristic and scrutinizes features of modern topinambur varieties. Data, characterizing acres in crops and crop yield abroad and in Russian Federation, are analyzed. Classification traits of topinambur varieties, included in the state register of selection achievements, are studied. Data on crop yield, duration of vegetative period, composition of carbohydrate complex, content of vitamins, macro- and microelements are systematized. The article studies most popular foreign topinambur varieties. The carried out analysis of scientific sources on agrobiological properties and chemical composition of topinambur varieties allowed choosing varieties, which are the most promising for industrial processing

Based on the complex of studies carried out, the formulation of wafers (wafer sheets) enriched with food additives "Powder from the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke" and skimmed sunflower lecithin was developed, as well as the formulation of fat filling enriched with a complex of food additives "Powder from tubers of Jerusalem artichoke", "Powder from hips" And low-fat sunflower lecithin. A recipe was developed and an assessment of the organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of enriched waffles with a filling was made. The storage period, ensuring safety and maximum preservation of consumer properties, was established. The study of the nutritional value of the developed waffles with filling allowed to establish that in comparison with the control sample they contain inulin and vitamin C, while the degree of satisfaction of the daily demand for these nutrients with consumption of 100 g of the developed product is 16.46 and 24.65% respectively. In addition, the developed products, in comparison with the control sample, are characterized by an increased content of dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins B1, B2 and B6

The article analyzes the proprietary methods of processing of vegetable raw materials and secondary resources with the use of electromagnetic fields (EMF SHF). Analysis of the database of Rospatent World Intellectual Property Organization led to the conclusion that EMF SHF used in the processing of vegetable raw materials in the following processes: drying, reduction of microbial contamination (decontamination), juice production and extraction. It is established that the application of EMF SHF is the most effective in preparation for drying a plant raw material and not directly at the stage of drying, thus reducing the loss of heat-labile active compound in the drying process, and therefore obtain a finished product of higher quality and nutritional value. The patented methods of extraction of vegetable raw materials extraction process performed that extracting directly EMF SHF does not allow pre-hold inactivate enzymes contained in the raw material and lead to undesirable oxidative and hydrolytic processes, and hence a decrease in the yield of extractable substances in the extract and the deterioration of its quality . Therefore, as in the case of drying plant material, EMF SHF can be more effectively used in preparation for an extraction process. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the relevance of developments in the field of technologies of processing of vegetable raw materials and secondary resources using EMF SHF at the stage of their preparation for such basic processes - drying, extraction, etc.

The article presents results of research of quality, safety and content of biologically active substances of food red beet roots of Bordo 237 variety, grown in the Krasnodar region in 2014. On the basis of the research carried out it was established, that there are carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids and mineral substances in the food red beet roots of Bordo 237 variety. Food red beet roots are a source of dietary fibers (pectin, protopectin, hemicelluloses and cellulose), possessing antitoxic, antioxidant, radiation protective, cholesterol-lowering and lipid correcting qualities, and also a source of vitamins C, B9 (folic acid) and P-active substances, possessing antioxidant properties. Due to high content in food red beet of a complex of microelements – iron, zinc, manganese and copper, and a complex of macro elements – potassium and magnesium, it can be recommended for prophylaxis and treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis and other diseases of heart and vascular system, and for prophylaxis of iron-deficiency anemia. Thus, the research of quality, safety and content of biologically active substances showed that food red beet roots of Bordo 237 variety are a high quality component ingredient for creation of food products of specialized and functional purpose

The article presents a comparative assessment and peculiarities of nuclear magnetic relaxation characteristics of rapeseed and sunflower lecithin. It was established, that lecithin’s nuclear magnetic relaxation characteristics, namely, protons’ spin-spin relaxation time and amplitudes of nuclear magnetic relaxation signals of lecithin components, depend on content of oil’s fat acids and phospholipids, contained in the lecithin. Comparative assessment of protons’ spin-spin relaxation time of rapeseed and sunflower lecithin components showed, that for their identification protons’ spin-spin relaxation time of the lecithin’ first component at 40°C and 60°C temperature, when differences in values of protons’ spin-spin relaxation time of the sunflower and rapeseed lecithin’ first component are most obvious, should be used as an analytical parameter. Comparative assessment of amplitudes of proton’s NMR signals of sunflower and rapeseed lecithin components showed, that relations, established earlier for sunflower lecithin between mass share of phospholipids (substances insoluble in acetone) and the sum of amplitudes of proton’s NMR signals of the third and fourth components, cannot be applied to rapeseed lecithin; that is for the development of an express method for determination of mass share of substances insoluble in acetone (phospholipids) in rapeseed lecithin, it is necessary to carry out additional research with the purpose of clarifying the mentioned relations