Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article discusses various criteria for the classification of legal systems. Special attention is drawn to the civilizational approach, which can be effectively used in the classification of legal systems. In accordance with the civilizational approach in the world there are many civilizations, developing according to its own laws (for example, the Scythian civilization, ancient Egyptian, etc.). In accordance with this approach the history of mankind is a history of the development of civilizations. There are different definitions of civilization. In generalized form is a community of people with particular characteristics in the socio - political organization, economy, culture. All States from the point of view of the civilizational approach can be divided into two types: Eastern (China, India, the Empire of the Incas, etc.) characterized by Marx as the "Asian mode of production"; the Western, or progressive (especially European countries). Each of these types has its historical features. In turn, each of these types has its own legal family. It appears that the basis for determining the classification of legal systems is a normative element of the legal system, including law, legal principles, sources of law, legal system, legislation, legal techniques. But this criterion can be applied in one and the same type of civilizations. In accordance with the criterion of the country of the Western type, can be divided into two large families: the Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon. It should be noted that globalization processes in the modern world lead to the convergence of legal families. In particular this applies to the RomanoGermanic and Anglo-Saxon legal families, between which there is a gradual disappearance of the traditional differences

The article shows that the legal system of Soviet state was considered as a type of social legal family. The author analyses the main approaches to the relation of modern legal system of Russia to the corresponding legal family and shows civilized peculiarities of Russia

The article discusses the Genesis of Islam in prerevolutionary Russia and its features in the North Caucasus. One of the features of the adoption of Islam was that this process was delayed by more than a Millennium. Another feature of the adoption and functioning of Islam in the North Caucasus is also the fact that Sharia here, teaming up with local legal customs (ADAT) and then with Russian legislation, creating a unique system of regulating social relations. It covers the process of entering the North Caucasus in the legal space of Russia, it also notes the role of Sharia and ADAT in the legal regulation of social relations in the North Caucasus in the Russian Empire, the Soviet and post-Soviet Russia. Taking into account historical experience, it can be assumed that the inclusion of certain provisions and principles of Islamic law and ADAT in the Russian legal system – the likely future development of legislation of a number of republics of the Russian Federation, in particular in the North Caucasus. It is noted that Islam in general is on the side of law-obedience and loyalty to authority, willing to respect share his or her values. Therefore, the introduction into the consciousness of the Russian Muslims the true values of Islam will contribute to the fight against international terrorism. Pacifist orientation of Muslim religious organizations, debunking Islamist myths, makes them an ally of the state in the fight against terrorism is of considerable interest because it is the peaceful alternative to militant Islamism