Considerable parts of the ablation zones of mountain
glaciers in various mountain systems of the World are
covered with rocks (dibris). Heat and physical
properties of debris layer are very different from those
of ice. Debris layer determines ablation rate and ice
run-off regime. Dependently on thickness, it can
accelerate ablation or totally isolate ice cover from
melting. To describe ablation rate in a mathematical
model correctly, one needs to include in it a block
responsible for heat exchange of debris-covered areas
with the atmosphere. In the paper, we consider an
algorithm for calculation of ablation rate under the
layer of debris, which is to be incorporated to the
surface mass balance model. We also describe results
of calculations of temperature distribution in a debris
layer and estimates of ablation rate under the latter. All
calculations were carried out for heat and physical
properties of Djankuat Glacier in the Central Caucasus
The chemical composition of neogen-quaternary, paleogene, cretaceous and paleozoic aquifer systems in the Ob-Tomskoye interfluves area is presented in the article. The water saturation with respect to secondary minerals is described. Authors show that the waters of all studied aquifer systems are saturated with respect to montmorillonites and calcite in a less degree. The geochemical water types are identified and their distribution is described
In the given article, we explore the territory
organization of tourism in the Krasnodar region.
General route models of trips are considered. M.
Clauson’s theory about dependence demand of
distance of a trip is explored. Also, the efficiency of
testing this theory in modern conditions was taken up.
Theoretical and practical aspects of clusters in a
tourist-recreational complex, such as substance of
cluster approach in tourism, ways of determining the
geographic boundaries of clusters and other details are
investigated. The territory of the Krasnodar region has
grate tourist potential, but the flow of tourists is very
unevenly distributed. This is the reason why a new one
clustering of the Black Sea cost in the region is
offered. It means care of the administrative boundaries
of municipalities and zoning on the basis of
accessibility of attractive excursion objects in respect
to distance and influence of environment. This way of
management of coastal zones in the Krasnodar region
helps to govern all resources more rationally. It also
provides confident development of tourism
Within the Terek-Sunzha gas area we have identified patterns, most of which are divided into blocks in some cases with large amplitude shear. The processes of destruction of structures took place during the period of their formation and the subsequent time and due to the strong and catastrophic earthquakes. The article provides a statistical analysis of strong earthquakes in this region during the period 1688-2008 and the regularities of their existence. It is shown that the maximum number of earthquakes took place during the period of the depths of 5-12 km and the distribution of the number of strong earthquakes at levels subject to certain matematical patterns. With regard to the analysis of the distribution of earthquakes in a single year in the whole of the globe, we obtained the correlation of the displacement of rocks from levels of existence of earthquakes and possible displacement of rocks to very catastrophic earthquakes. We have also given the forecast frequency and the number of strong catastrophic earthquakes for the period from the beginning of the formation of structures up to the present time. We assessed maximum displacements of rock blocks during this time, which is in good agreement with the actual values of the displacement of rock blocks
One of the main problems at engineering-geological
researches is the choice of the most suitable territory
for construction of designed projects and
constructions. The most dangerous threat to the
economy and the security of the Krasnodar region are
geohazards. The article provides an expert evaluation
of engineering-geological conditions of the territory,
the map-scheme of evaluation of engineeringgeological
zoning of the region. The characteristic is
given to the engineering-geological taxons allocated
on degree of usefulness of conditions
The article presents the weighting function for the points within the geodetic network. The obtained system of equations is solved by the method of least squares. In the result of solving the system of equations we found the original formula for calculation of reverse weights of any point in the geodetic network