In the article, we investigated hydromorphic soils of the Tersko-Sulak subprovince of Dagestan. We determined the content of humus, nickel, chromium and lead with genetic horizons of the investigated soils. The small excess of the maximum allowable concentration of nickel and chromium has been found, doze of lead was within norm
The equations for evaluation of the stationary state of lactic acid microbiological synthesis have been received. The kinetic dependencies for specific biomass growth rate, consumption of the substrate are given. The particular qualities of growth of homofermentative lactic acid producer Lactococcus lactis CH5 depending on the composition nutrient medium: glucose and yeast autolysate concentration are examined. The influence of the method of cultivation on the productivity and the speed of the lactis acid synthesis are analyzed
Theoretically and experimentally, we investigated the
process of adjusting the pH of natural water of
hydrocarbonate class electrodialyzer with bipolar
membranes with channel length of 40 cm. We
experimentally measured concentration of
components, pH of the solutions in alkaline and acid
channels of electrodeposition depending on the current
density. The article describes a mathematical model
for long channels; to scale the mass transfer
characteristics of the process there was applied and
verified a method of compartmentalization, which
gave the possibility to calculate the dependence of the
component along the channel length at different
velocities of flow of the solution. Numerical
calculations were compared with experimental data on
electrodialyser of 10 cm and 40 cm length
The change in the Kepler’s atomic number in the
Periodic Table of Mendeleev is studied. It is shown
that its values decrease regularly with increasing
nuclear charge. An alternative formula for computing
the values of the Kepler’s atomic number is proposed.
It is shown that the ratio of the atomic number of
Kepler’s to the mass of the atom is a constant for each
period. The values of these constants are calculated
The article studies adsorption of ascorbic acid on
KSMG silicagel. The experimental results, the basic
thermodynamic characteristics of ascorbic acid adsorption
on oxide silicon have been used for treatment of
adsorption mechanism of ascorbic acid on silica
KSMG. Results of the study ascorbic acid adsorption
on silica gel KSMG may be used for further identification
of it in the various objects
In this article, we discuss the relationship between the
previously obtained model for calculating atomic radii
with electrodynamics, the hydrodynamic model of the
planets of the Solar System, and the R-function of the
structural organization of electronic systems. It is
shown that the curve of the dependence of the value
of the correction coefficient e
x
on the atomic number
of the element in form coincides with the dependence
of the ionization energy on the mass of the atom and
the R-function on the nuclear charge. The concept of
the "atomic nucleus potential", which takes into
account the energy of the nucleus and the charge of
the nucleus of the atom, is introduced. It is shown that
the radius of an atom is the product of the nuclear
potential by a factor kx
, taking into account the
characteristics of electronic levels; the energy of the
nuclear reaction is the work of the forces of the field
(potential) of the atomic nucleus along the
displacement of the atomic charge. The dependence of
the potential of the nucleus on the charge number in
the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table is shown. It is shown
that any system of satellites (or atomic shells) has a
constant ratio of its Kepler number to the mass of the
central body around which they rotate. It is shown that
in the Table of Mendeleev's chemical elements and in
the solar system, the fundamental value is the mass of
the center (the nucleus of the atom or the center of the
orbit). The ratio of the Kepler number to the mass of
the central body is a constant, within the accuracy of
construction and calculations
The article discusses results of experimental research
of the influence of aprotic and proton solvents on reaction
rate of water molecules dissociation in the bipolar
membrane MB-1 by the method of electrochemical
impedance frequency spectrum. It was discovered, that
addition of organic component in aqueous solutions results
in significant influence on the parameters of water
dissociation in a bipolar region of the membrane.
The reason for this influence is the reduction of the
mass fraction of water in solution and, consequently,
in a bipolar region of the membrane, which itself reduces
the rate of the dissociation reaction. Another
reason for the influence of the organic solvent is its effect
on the network of hydrogen bonds existing in water
and aqueous solutions. Depending on the nature of
organic solvent and its concentration, the network of
hydrogen bonds may be strengthened, or destroyed,
thus facilitating removal of the proton involved in the
reactions between water molecules and catalytic centers
in cation-exchange and anion-exchange layer of
bipolar membrane, or retarding removal of proton.
This leads respectively to speed up or slow down the
rate of dissociation in the bipolar region of the membrane,
as well as changing the constants of the dissociation
reaction of water. Introduction of organic solvent
in solutions, which are in the contact with bipolar
membrane, is a convenient method of investigating the
role of solution composition on the rate of proton
transfer between water molecules and catalytic centers
in the membranes
The results of study of bipolar membrane – analogue
of MB-2, modified with chemically introduced chromium
(III), iron (III) and nickel (II) hydroxides by the
method of frequency spectrum of electrochemical impedance,
by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron
microscopy in combination with X-ray spectrum
analysis are presented. It is shown, that sequential
treatment of cation-exchanger, contained in cationexchange
membrane, with metal salt solution and alkali
solution does not result in formation of complex
compounds of these metals with ionic groups of ion
exchanger. It was found that in these conditions the
presence of heavy metals in the phase of cationexchanger
confirmed by X-ray analysis, however,
crystals of hydroxides of heavy metals are not detected
in the size range of 1000 nm to 20 nm. These heavy
metal compounds are thermally unstable and their
catalytic activity in the reaction of dissociation of water
molecules decreases with increasing temperature
during heat treatment. The introduction of low-soluble
hydroxides of d-metals (chromium (III), iron (III),
nickel(II)) by chemical method can significantly improve
the electrochemical characteristics of a bipolar
membrane. The most effective catalysts in water dissociation
reaction are the hydroxides of chromium (III)
and iron (III) and, as a consequence, membranes with
these hydroxides have a lower value of overpotential
compared with original membrane at the same current
density
In this article, the recycling problem of oil sludge on some modern refinery factories is observed. We studied physical and chemical structure of oil sludge and offered a new way of neutralization of oil sludge. It is established, that if we replace a carbon sorbent to sorbent that contains silica for oil sludge neutralization, we will get environmental safe product. As such sorbent, which contains silica we offer to use a burnt rice peeling. For practical realization the way of neutralization is developed and technological scheme which allows to save natural resources (hydrocarbons and water) and return it to production cycle and to recycle the petropolluted sludge is offered
In the article, we have investigated a number of characteristics of the sorption materials, the possibility of their use for the treatment of surface and waste water from oil and oil products. The rules of the cleaning oily water, the analytical solution for sorption purification process that takes into account the processes of filtration and sorption are listed. We have also estimated sorption capacity of sorbents and analyzed factors that influence it; the optimal conditions of the sorption process, depending on the conditions and the facilities for cleaning are sorted out. The possibility of purification of oil-contaminated water from heavy metal ions with the synthesized non-organic sorbent is shown