The article presents results of the study on the use of
associations of probiotic bacteria in black-and-white
breed calves. We have analyzed the effect of
associations of probiotic bacteria on hematological
(red blood cells and white blood cells, hemoglobin and
hematocrit) and blood biochemical parameters at
calves. It was found that the associations of strains of
Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20456, ATCC 29521,
and Enterococcus faecalis H22; Bifidobacterium
bifidum DSM 20456, ATCC 29521 and Enterococcus
faecium UDC 86 do not have significant changes in
the basic blood parameters of the animals, while
improving some of counts during their use
Results of studying of the immune response of young
growth of cattle to vaccination against a canicola fever
are presented in article. Dependence of duration of
circulation of antibodies in a blood of the vaccinated
young growth of cattle from degree of intensity of an
immune response on introduction of the vaccine is
revealed. Studying of dynamics of antiserum capacities
at cow calves of two-month age after immunization
taped the weak immune response on introduction of a
vaccine. It is expressed both in total absence of
antibodies, or available antibodies in minute quantity
to canicola fever of one of the serogroups which are a
part of a vaccine. Use of immunomodulatory
preparations for rising of efficiency of immunization
of cow calves against a canicola fever is offered. It is
established that application of "Ribotan" at vaccination
of two-month calves against a canicola fever increases
efficiency of immunization for 55,6 %
Carotenoid preparations are quite widely used in a health care, but in the veterinary and animal husbandry, their use is limited. In terms of livestock farms of the Krasnodar region and the Rostov region at the biochemical monitoring studies of the cattle blood the lack of carotene in the serum is revealed from 45 to 100 % of the samples. To study the biological function of carotenoid we used preparations, which are the oily solutions for injections: β-carotene (manufactured by FS 42-3867, which is produced from the biomass culture of the fungus Blakeslea trispora) and lycopene, emitted from plants. The cows in the test groups during the dry period and within two weeks after birth got carotenoid preparation subcutaneously at a dose of 10 ml per animal with an interval of 7 days. As a result, it was found out that the application of carotenoids has the most favorable conditions for the flow of labor and the postnatal period, which are manifested in the decrease in obstetric and gynecological diseases in cows and reduce the period of infertility. In the experimental groups the levels of vitamin A and carotene1,3 times higher (1,26 ± 0,14 μmol/L vs. 0,97 ± 0,09 μmol/L ) 1,8 times (0,34 ± 0 03 mg /% vs. 0.61 ± 0.11 mg /%) respectively in comparison with the parameters of the intact animals at a high level of confidence (P < 0,05). Phagocytic number and percentage of digestion of neutrophils increased by 8,5 %, the difference in the number of B-cells reached 9,1%, T-cells – 6,7%. In a humoral immunity found a significant increase in Ig A. After comparison of the level of lysozyme activity of blood serum was observed its reduction in all animals immediately after birth, but in the experimental groups this process was less pronounced. The use of carotene preparations helps to reduce the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the body of cows (diene conjugates - by 16,6 %, ketodienes - by 35,7 %, malondialdehyde – by 11,3 %), which creates favorable conditions for the flow of the metabolic processes associated with ensuring the normal childbirth and post-partum involution of the genitals. In the group of cows, receiving the carotenoid lycopene, the dyspepsia morbidity of the newborn calves compared to a control decreased by 26,7 %, bronchopneumonia - by 13,3 %
The revolutionary discoveries of recent years in immunology has proved that protection from infections and biological aggression leading role played by innate immunity, which leads to the launch and subsequent work of specific adaptive immunity. Today, it is well-known that almost any pathology of the animal affects the immune system and creates an immune imbalance, leading to development of chronic pathological process, frequent relapses and to the development of different kind of complications. Secondary immunodeficiency states are widely distributed and differ in many etiological factors age, nutritional, medicinal, infectious and neoplastic nature, which leads to increased susceptibility of animal to various раthogenic factors, the weakening of the body. Awareness of the role of immunological disorders in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases has led to the need use in veterinary medicines that are aimed to influence on the immune system of the animal at the known molecular mechanism, to combine safety with high clinical efficacy. In this respect, a promising immunomodulators of microbial origin, due to the knowledge of the recognition mechanisms of the innate immune system such as bacteria as a whole, separate structural units, including mini-optimal biologically active fragments. This review is dedicated to one of the immunomodulator of microbial origin – which is an analog of biologically active fragment of muramyldipeptide of bacterial cell walls ‒ glucosaminylmuramildipeptide (GMDP), which is the active substance of registrated in Russia drug with the trade name Glicopin for use in veterinary practice. The drug showed high efficiency when used in cats, dogs, rodents, ferrets with infections of bacterial and viral etiology; cancer; with the aim of improving the natural resistance of the organism of young and old animals; enhance the effectiveness of vaccination in immunocompromised animals; postvaccine reduce complications; reduce stress financial position, such as during transportation and various veterinary treatments; injuries and on-line intervention (for stimulation of repair processes and tissue regeneration); prevention of immunodeficiency in newborn animals; the reduction of postpartum involutional processes in the uterus. Analysis of literature data allows us to consider an important outcome of immunologiс discoveries of recent years is the change of views on the question of the treatment of infectious diseases and the role of drugs as activators of innate immunity, among which an important role is played by a synthetic analogue of muramyldipeptide (GMDP) is a drug with a known molecular mechanism of action
The use of intensive milk production technologies in practice, nonobservance of the principles of feeding and keeping animals leads to a decrease in the level of compensatory-regenerative processes in the body, violation of general and specific metabolic reactions, emergence of a number of pathological conditions, and, primarily, hepatopathies leading to a decrease in the productivity of dairy cattle, to the birth of unviable young animals and to the impossibility of their further exploitation. Therefore, on the background of early diagnosis of violations of the liver it is necessary to conduct adequate pharmacoprophylaxis, which prevents further development of hepatopathies with the help of hepatoprotectors. These preparations include a new injectable one – livazen, the mechanism of action of which works due to its antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing action. The preparation has a lipotropic effect, favorably affects the antitoxic and pigmentary function of liver, and increases resistance to hypoxia and various kinds of intoxication. Research conducted to study its effect in the system of prophylactic measures of hepatosis in sterile cows showed that on the background of the use of lavazen there was a significant increase in total protein by 16,6% and increase in albumins - by 13,8%. The level of γ-globulins, on the contrary, decreased by 20,9%. The study of the preparation had a normalizing effect on lipid metabolism, which was manifested by an increase in the concentration of triglycerides in 3,1 times and increase in cholesterol by 24,7%. An increase in the concentration of calcium by 14,5% was also found out. The use of livazen allowed to ensure a tendency towards a decrease in enzyme activity (according to AST - by 6,9%, by ALT - by 24,4%, according to alkaline phosphatase - by 11,6%), in contrast to control animals whose aspartate aminotransferase increased by 11,3% from the initial; ultrasonography of liver of cows confirmed the expressed effectiveness of the pharmacoprophylaxis
One of the reasons extensions acute intestinal diseases
in newborn calves and piglets is absence at them of
formed immune system and colonization resistance.
For this reason, their intestine often occupies relative
pathogenic microorganisms, which in the subsequent
cause diarrheal diseases. The characteristic feature of
the last time is the fact that these diseases have the
associated disposition and composition of association
can be the most various but not only biological objects (for calves and piglets), and also territorial borders.
The goal of this work was in comparative study of the
structure microorganisms, which were isolated from
newborn calves and piglets at acute intestinal diseases
in Krasnodar territory and the establishment of the
dominant species. During the bacteriologic
examination of pathological material was detach and
finger 1299 isolate calves and 476 from piglets which
was found to belonged to 6 families:
Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae,
Enterococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae,
Alcaligenaceae, Alteromonadaceae. Studies have
shown that dominant logic value in nosological profile
of the allocated bacteria belongs to enterobacterium,
enterococcus, streptococcus, the share of which in the
general pool of isolates has made 70,1%, 15,9% and
11,1%, respectively. At the same time among the
enterobacterium detached as from calves, and pigs, the
prevailing species was E. coli (55,6%), streptococcus –
S. bovis (24,9%), enterococcus – E. faecium and E.
faecalis (88,3%). Meanwhile, along with the general
character of frequency separation of certain types of
bacteria, also their specific preference is set. That why
from calves there were more often selected
enterobacter, citrobacter, kluyvera, E. faecalis, S.
cricetus, S. mitior, S. parauberis and P. aeruginosa.
Whereas from pigs more often were allocated protei,
providencia, shigella, E. mundtii, E. casseliflavus, S.
acidominimus, S. oralis, S. pneumoniae, S. vestibularis
и Alcaligenes fecalis than from pigs
This report represents the results of study of ASF
clinical signs and pathological changes in dead pigs
infected with an ASF virus isolated from wild boars in
2016. The ASF virus circulating among wild boars in
the Central and the North-Western Districts was found
to be virulent, and causes the death of animals in terms
characteristic of acute and subacute forms with no
development of a full symptom complex of the disease
An impact analysis of abiotic factors of ecosystems on
the metabolic processes of the broiler chicken
organism under various methods of poultry operation
has been carried out. The analysis results confirm that
the enorganic biochemical processes are under the
influence of the environment, and any changes in its
condition cause the development of response reactions
of the organism at the biochemical level. The source of
control of the relative constancy of the milieu interieur
is the interaction of tropic and effector hormones.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol are the main
hormones of adaptation. The activity of the adrenal
capsules turns to be an effector peripheral link of the
reflex chain of the adaptive reaction of the organism.
Adrenal hormones have a direct impact on tissue
metabolism. The following aspects have been taken
into consideration: technological growing conditions,
production parameters, morphological blood values of
chickens of different ages, quantitative content of
adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticoid in the
blood, morphology of the adrenal capsules. The
abiotic factors of the cage management system
contribute to an increase in the concentration of corticoid in the blood of broiler chickens, compared
with this value of the broilers grown under the floor
management