The article examines an important matter of topical
problems of the thickening of planned justification
from the starting points, for which we have known or
predetermined locations using satellite-surveying instruments.
The authors present a method of solving the
problem of two geodetic reference points using two
sources (the approach of the Hansen) by determining
the true adjoining corners and converting the problem
to the solution of direct angular notches. We have also
given a numerical example of the solution and the
estimated accuracy of the obtained coordinates of the
points P and Q using found valid adjoining corners
and edge lengths of the resulting triangles
It is assumed that in the primordial state of the Universe
was missing the elements of matter, it was submitted to
electromagnetic photon field in a broad frequency band.
Photons with energy ε=1,02 born MeV electrons and
positrons, and photons with energy ε=1,87 born ÐœeV
protons and antiprotons. The Association of protons,
electrons and essential spectrum of photons created a
sustainable hydrogen atoms and neutrons. Association
of hydrogen atoms led to the creation of hydrogen
clusters, and merging neutron – neutron creation of
clusters (pulsars). As a result, the concentration of
photons in the Universe decreased and the universe
were compressed. The gravitational interactions
between the hydrogen and neutron clusters was coming
off of a mass of matter from both. The torn mass of
hydrogen clusters were created on the planet.
Separation of the mass from neutron clusters led to the
neutron exposure of the main hydrogen clusters and
loose parts from him (future planets). The latter, being
closer to the main hydrogen accumulation, under the
influence of neutron flux were redesigned to all
elements of the periodic table. The article describes
nuclear reactions convert one chemical element to
another. After irradiation of the primary hydrogen
clusters of neutrons and the emergence of the heavy and
superheavy hydrogen, started fusion reactions with the
release of photon energy and the transition of hydrogen
clusters in Stellar condition. They began to glow. The
selection of the photon energy of the Stars led to the
increase in the concentration of photons in the
Universe, the increase of the pressure and the expansion
of the Universe, which is what happens at the present
stage of its development. Combining antiprotons,
electrons (positrons) with the required spectrum of
photons created sustainable antihydrogen and
antineutrons, and their clusters – clumps of antimatter
in the Universe
Even with the modern development of geodetic
techniques to abandon traditional ways a
condensation of planned networks is not possible.
Therefore, the article describes the case of
determination of coordinates of points using
backwards the angular notch and the accuracy of
their determination. In the classical methods of
solving the backwards the angular notch are
calculated coefficients, and get the coordinates of the
designated point. The authors propose to use
auxiliary angles that will reduce the amount of
calculation. In addition, the article gives examples of
solutions to well-known formulas of Gauss and
through the calculation of direct geodetic purpose
Increasing of tea production in the foothills of
Adygea should be based on potential soil properties
suitable for tea plant. The goal was achieved using
modern methods of soil evaluation of tea plantations.
The evaluation criteria were the following
agrochemical and agro indicators: soil acidity (pH
KCl); hydrolytic acidity; the sum of exchangeable
bases; bases saturation; granulometric composition. It
was found that the soil under tea plantation in
Adygeya classifies as brown forest poorly
unsaturated with the level of potential fertility rated
as satisfactory (bonitet rating 40-60). However, the
low supply of nutrients in the layer 0-40 cm:
phosphorus (19,04 ± 2,42 mg / 100 g soil), potassium
(17,70 ± 1,60 mg / 100 g soil) and a sufficiently high
degree of saturation of soil bases in the layer of 50-
100 cm (67,10 ± 11,67%) in combination with a soil
moisture deficit determine their low productivity of
16,0 ± 5,0 kg / ha, whereas their potential
productivity of 30-50 t / ha. The development of
scientifically grounded, targeted ameliorative and
agro-technical measures (irrigation, nutrition systems
using physiologically acidic forms of nitrogen and
potash fertilizers that reduce the degree of saturation
of the soil bases) will help to increase the effective
soil fertility and allow the tea plants reach its
biological potential and achieve predicted
productivity in Adygea region
In the article we consider the results of the study of
climatic attractiveness of the South of Russia from the
point of view of tourism development. Formal
definition of attractiveness was reached by using a
wide spread concept of climatic indices. Any climatic
index is calculated by a set of medical and biological
characteristics. The latter are defined on the basis of
human physiology. Indices, which are used for
evaluation of attractiveness of one or another region
from the point of view of recreation and tourism, have
certain peculiarities. Very often they are calculated
using poorly formalized and arguable indications like
psychological feeling of meteorological characteristics
and even aesthetic perception. Taking into account
above mentioned experience we have suggested a new
approach for evaluation of climatic tourist indices
basing on initial (standard 3 hour discretion)
meteorological observations with maximum possible
exclusion from a calculation scheme all subjective
parameters. Our approach is based on a well-known
method of Mieczkowski [4]. The method was
developed more than 30 ears ago and is still widely
applied. Our method allows objectively evaluate nonsmoothed
index values because it takes into account
combinations of meteorological characteristics with
maximum available discretion during the day. A
method demonstrated its capability for evaluation of regional variations in tourist attractiveness. We
analyzed 40–year dynamics of attractiveness in the
region being in the focus of the study
One of the main problems at engineering-geological
researches is the choice of the most suitable territory
for construction of designed projects and
constructions. The most dangerous threat to the
economy and the security of the Krasnodar region are
geohazards. The article provides an expert evaluation
of engineering-geological conditions of the territory,
the map-scheme of evaluation of engineeringgeological
zoning of the region. The characteristic is
given to the engineering-geological taxons allocated
on degree of usefulness of conditions
The scarcity of natural resources has become a serious
problem in terms of security in the world. This article
examines the role of the limited resources in conflicts in
Africa. The main source of conflict is the issue of
control of resources and the right to a healthy
environment. Here we consider the case of the regional
conflicts in the African context. A large number of
major rivers in Africa also have been the cause of
conflicts between the riparian countries. However, most
of these problems have been successfully solved, and in
many cases, this process led to the formation of regional
blocs for economic and diplomatic cooperation in the
region. In addition to inter-State disputes, there are also
internal disputes among regions or states within the
same country for the control of resources. However, in
some cases these regions have developed wellcoordinated
approaches to resolving the disputes: either
by judicial apportionment, congressional action or based
on negotiated compacts. In general, we believe that a
careful application of equitable resource-sharing formula
to volatile areas is a basic condition for peace and
stability in Africa
Considered in the study, there are specific features and
stratigraphy of the snow cover in the region of the
mountain claster of Sochi (Krasnaya Polyana) during
winter of 2016-2017. We have analyzed patterns of
snow thickness distribution, its dependence on the absolute elevation, slope exposition and landscape
type. Conclusions were made about the necessity of
the regular study of the structure and quality of the
snow cover for the purpose of mountain skiing
development
Within the Terek-Sunzha oil and gas region of the
Eastern Caucasus a productive sediments are clearly
expressed by the classical diapir due to the increase in
power in the arched part of the strata of the Maikop
clays. In accordance with the theory of I. M. Gubkin,
developed based on the analysis of the structure of the
oil and gas structures of mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan,
diapirism of the structure is an important prerequisite for
the formation of a mud volcano. The article provides a
comparative analysis of diapir structures of the TerekSunzha
oil and gas region of the Eastern Caucasus,
which is quasi-mud unripe volcanoes, and structures of
mud volcanoes in the South-Eastern end of the Caucasus
range (the Apsheron Peninsula and other territories of
Azerbaijan) and the North-Western end of the Caucasus
range (the Kerch and Taman Peninsula). It is shown that
the formation of diapir structure, when, in the context of
high power clay strata, is not a sufficient condition for its
transformation into a mud volcano. In such geological
conditions, it is essential to determine the capacity of
clay strata, but also the degree of its water-filled
porosity, visco-plastic and fluid-forming properties,
contributing to the transition of the breed in a phase of
active current and the coming to the surface
The methodology of evaluation of touristic
attractiveness of the Black sea coast of the Krasnodar
area is presented in this article. This method is based on
ranked assessment using statistical analysis