Scientific Journal of KubSAU

In this article, we have presented a number of modeling experiments to investigate the chemical pollution of brown calcareous soil. It assesses the stability of brown calcareous soil of a nature reserve called Utrish to contamination with heavy metals in biological parameters. Pollution of brown calcareous soil with Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and oil causes a significant reduction in biological parameters. The degree of reduction depends on the nature of the contaminant and its concentration in the soil. The study showed that the indicators used in the biological condition of the soil, could be recommended for use for diagnosis, monitoring, and regulation of chemical pollution of brown soil. According to the degree of resistance to chemical contamination, the brown soils of Russia form the following series: typical brown - brown carbonate - brown leached

Large agricultural load on the steppe landscapes leads to the transformation of ecosystems and effect on all their components. Transformation of lands into laylands leads to a gradual restoration of anthropogenically disturbed steppe ecosystems. Studies that focus on the research of comprehensive processes in the territory of laylands are extremely relevant today. Herpetobiont fauna is one of the important characteristics of ecology and biology of soils. Herpetobiont Coleoptera can serve as indicators in the study of processes occurring in postagrogenic soils.The article presents the results of the study of changes in mesofauna, composition and structure of complexes of the gerpetobiont Coleoptera of ordinary black soils in natural succession series of different-age laylands. We also evaluated the degree of faunistic similarity of plots of laylands and allocated dominant species. Carabidae and Tenebrionidae are the basis of complex Coleoptera in the investigated laylands. The article shows that such indicators as the number of individuals, species, families of beetles and their dynamic density are depended on the age of the layland. In addition, the indices of biodiversity (Margalef and Shannon) and dominance (Simpson) are also connected with the age of plots of laylands

The article presents the results of laboratory modeling of gleyisation and its effect on the biological properties of soils with stagnant regime in ordinary black soils. Gleyisation is a complex biochemical process that occurs under oxygen reduction conditions. Anaerobic microorganisms, the presence of organic substances, and the constant or prolonged waterlogging of individual horizons or the entire soil profile promote gleyisation. Model experiments revealed that gleyisation increase the total number of bacteria and suppresses number of actinomycetes, micromycetes and growth of fungal mycelium. Gleyisation decreases the activity of oxidoreductases and increases the hydrolases activity. In addition, the second content of humus slightly increases and active acidity (pH) changes to neutral. Accumulation of large amounts of iron oxide (II) in soil is revealed

Agricultural use leads to a significant transformation of soils. The first to use the soil for cultivation react most sensitive biological indicators. The purpose of the study - to establish the effect of using the brown forest soils for planting apple orchards for their biological activity, in particular on the humus content, enzyme activity (catalase and dehydrogenase). For the control, we have selected forest area adjacent to arable land. Because of violations of the natural vegetation, there are changes in hydrothermal conditions of the soil. Humidity soil plowed off under forest, while temperatures gets considerably higher. Plowing, compared with the control, revealed significant loss of humus (50%) in the upper most disturbed horizons. In the lower horizons of the values of this index were quite low (1.5%) on all sections of the test. The decline in humus content, as well as overheating and draining soil tillage results in a change of enzymatic activity not only in the surface layers, but also in the whole profile. Due to the movement of the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in the underlying horizons, an increase of enzyme activity over control values in the deeper layers of the soil. The article shows a possibility of the use of biological indicators as indicators of changes in the brown forest soils as a result of agricultural use

We studied the effects of heavy metal pollution on soil phytotoxicity cities of the Rostov region. The research objects were the soils of urbolandscape towns: Taganrog, Novocherkassk, Gukovo, Shakhty, Azov. The study of the soil pollution with heavy metals was recorded in Gukovo, Shakhty, Taganrog. The degree of pollution of the studied cities form the following row: Gukovo > Shakhty > Taganrog > basics > Novocherkassk. The research was carried out in 2011-2015 at the Department of ecology and environmental Sciences of southern Federal University. In most cases, there was a direct correlation between pollutant concentration and the degree of deterioration of the studied soil properties. Used biological indicators are informative for monitoring of urban soils polluted with heavy metal. The degree of informativity of biological indicators form the following row: root length > germination >length of shoots. The results of the study can be used for monitoring and diagnosing the condition of contaminated soils, in the assessment of environmental impact, risk assessment of natural and synthetic disasters, the development of regional standards on the content of heavy metals in soil and in other environmental and industrial activities

The essential part of a soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is occupied by gray forest soils. Thus they still remain a little studied, including concerning their resistance to chemical pollution. Contamination of gray forest soils of Adygea with Zn, Cd, Mo, Se causes deterioration of their biological properties. In most cases, the degree of reduction of the values of biological indicators is directly dependent on the concentration of pollutant in the soil. According to the degree of toxicity to the biological properties of the investigated elements form the following sequence: Se > Zn > = Cd > Mo. Biological parameters investigated in research (activity of catalase and dehydrogenase, cellulolytic ability, abundance of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, radish root length) may be used for purposes of monitoring, diagnosis and regulation of chemical pollution of gray forest soils Zn, Cd, Mo, Se

Rendzina soils are very widespread in the Caucasus. Because of their ecological and genetic characteristics Rendzina has significant buffering capacity to chemical pollution. The object of investigation was calcareous leached soil. Location selection - Azishskaya ridge on the border of the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar region. As pollutants, we have selected Zn, Cd, Mo, Se, since soil contamination with these elements in the south of Russia is not uncommon. Contamination of zinc, cadmium, molybdenum and selenium causes deterioration in the biological properties of calcareous soils of the Western Caucasus. We have investigated the toxicity of the elements formed following series due to their influence on Rendzina soils: Zn> Se> Cd> = Mo. The study attempted to analyze the entire range of concentrations of the examined elements in the soil, currently occurring in nature. In most cases, all the investigated substances registered direct correlation between the concentration of the pollutant in the soil and the degree of reduction of biological indicators. The activity of catalase and dehydrogenase cellulolytic ability, plenty of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter, length of roots of radish can be used to monitor, diagnose and regulation of chemical pollution of soil Zn, Cd, Mo, Se

In article the problem of environmental pollution by veterinary antibiotics and acquisitions of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to them is considered. In the conditions of field experiment resistance of chernozem microorganisms to pollution oxytetracycline and tylosin is studied

Negative impact of oil on biological properties of soils right after pollution is shown in the article. Eventually, there is their restoration. However, even in some years after pollution, the biological properties of soils aren't restored completely

The article gives an assessment of resistance of the brown typical soil of the Utrish national reserve to pollution with heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb) and oil on biological indicators