Scientific Journal of KubSAU

We have studied changes in flora, humus content, peroxidase activity and polyphenoloxidase in ordinary black soils in natural succession of different-age deposits. We have also selected stage successions in uneven deposits

Agricultural use leads to a significant transformation of soils. The first to use the soil for cultivation react most sensitive biological indicators. The purpose of the study - to establish the effect of using the brown forest soils for planting apple orchards for their biological activity, in particular on the humus content, enzyme activity (catalase and dehydrogenase). For the control, we have selected forest area adjacent to arable land. Because of violations of the natural vegetation, there are changes in hydrothermal conditions of the soil. Humidity soil plowed off under forest, while temperatures gets considerably higher. Plowing, compared with the control, revealed significant loss of humus (50%) in the upper most disturbed horizons. In the lower horizons of the values of this index were quite low (1.5%) on all sections of the test. The decline in humus content, as well as overheating and draining soil tillage results in a change of enzymatic activity not only in the surface layers, but also in the whole profile. Due to the movement of the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in the underlying horizons, an increase of enzyme activity over control values in the deeper layers of the soil. The article shows a possibility of the use of biological indicators as indicators of changes in the brown forest soils as a result of agricultural use

Large agricultural load on the steppe landscapes leads to the transformation of ecosystems and effect on all their components. Transformation of lands into laylands leads to a gradual restoration of anthropogenically disturbed steppe ecosystems. Studies that focus on the research of comprehensive processes in the territory of laylands are extremely relevant today. Herpetobiont fauna is one of the important characteristics of ecology and biology of soils. Herpetobiont Coleoptera can serve as indicators in the study of processes occurring in postagrogenic soils.The article presents the results of the study of changes in mesofauna, composition and structure of complexes of the gerpetobiont Coleoptera of ordinary black soils in natural succession series of different-age laylands. We also evaluated the degree of faunistic similarity of plots of laylands and allocated dominant species. Carabidae and Tenebrionidae are the basis of complex Coleoptera in the investigated laylands. The article shows that such indicators as the number of individuals, species, families of beetles and their dynamic density are depended on the age of the layland. In addition, the indices of biodiversity (Margalef and Shannon) and dominance (Simpson) are also connected with the age of plots of laylands

In article the problem of environmental pollution by veterinary antibiotics and acquisitions of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to them is considered. In the conditions of field experiment resistance of chernozem microorganisms to pollution oxytetracycline and tylosin is studied

The regularity that increases biological and enzymatic activity with increasing the age of the deposits of 10 to 82 years has been shown. The indicator of recovery of black leached soil steppes can be presented as invert-ase activity and humus content, as well as reducing the density of the soil. Integrated indicator of the biological properties decreases with decreasing age deposits: 82 years (100%) - 26 years (84%) - 16 and 10 years (74%) - arable land (64%)

The number of microarthropods in the black soil de-creased with an increase in the number of oil. The same pattern was observed until a certain concentra-tion of lead in soil (von 250 mg / kg), after which high doses (500 and 1000 mg / kg) was recorded an in-crease in the number of microarthropods. Gamasid mites and ticks of akaroid-trombidiform complex have proven more resistant to lead, and armored mites and springtails - to oil, vise versa

EFFECT OF DEFORESTATION ON THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MOUNTAIN SOIL OF WESTERN CAUCASUS

Significant changes in mountain ecosystems occur after deforestation on limestone massifs of the Western Caucasus. Tall-mountain-meadow vegetation with a large variety of species formed at low and medium soil disturbance 3 years after logging. Physical and biological properties of calcareous soils also vary greatly. The values of biological activity decrease at the maximum load is more than 10 times. Biological activity is increased by 20-50% or more cutting stations with low disorders. Biological properties of soils (especially the enzymatic activity) are very sensitive indicators of changes that have occurred as a result of logging. Changes in the activity of soil hydrolases different from changing oxidase activity at different times after logging

In the article, we have proposed regional environmental standards for heavy metals, oil and oil products in the main soils of southern Russia

The original soils were investigated at the Black Sea coast of Russia. Severe degradation of the soil in a Utrish nation reserve were identified as a result of high recreational pressure. Soils with high recreational load have low humus content (2-3 times) and a lower en-zymatic activity than the control of the soil. Biological parameters can be successfully used for environmental monitoring of soil of Utrish reserve, in contrast to the chemical and physic-chemical properties