Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The problem of environmental contamination by heavy metals is significant problem of urbanization. The search of ways of indication heavy metals pollution becomes actual, because of their simplicity and affordability. A widely used test objects for heavy metals pollution indicators are leafy mosses used for bioindication, because they are highly sensitive to any stress factor. The research shows that bioindication with using leafy mosses as test objects is highly effective method definition of heavy metals pollution. Using of bioindication methods are promising techniques for the assessment of the contamination of ecosystems by heavy metals. Through the use of this method, it is possible indication of pollution of the surface layer of air with heavy metals. The epiphytic moss (Pylaisia polyantha) growing in different zones of the city of Rostov-on-Don, was used for the heavy metals pollution biomonitoring of urbosystems. The accumulation features of heavy metals in the epitaphic pylaisiella moss (Pylaisia polyantha) in the territory of the city of Rostov-on-Don have been considered. pylaisiella moss (P. polyantha) accumulates the largest amounts of the following heavy metals: Zn, Cr, Pb, Sr, Ni (Kc to 1.07), and Cu. According to the Kc values, all the studied elements accumulated by pylaisiella moss form the following series of biological uptake: Zn > Pb > Sr > Cr > V > Ni > Cu > Cо. The results of investigation showed that the epiphytic moss (Pylaisia polyantha) can be used as indicator of heavy metals pollution in different polluted zones

About 40 soil cuts were made in various parts of the city of Rostov-on-Don. The determinations of enzyme activity (catalase, invertase, polyphenoloxidase) were carried out in natural and antropogenic soils of a sub-urban park, residential and industrial areas of the city. The enzyme activity of soils in urban condition signif-icantly lowers than in non-urban soils. It is established, that significant impact on the biological activity has duration of sealing, and the longer the period, the higher the negative impact on the enzymes activity. However, a close relationship between humus state of soil and its enzyme activity kept in a condition of ur-ban pedogenesis. The high activity of investigated enzymes is typical to soil horizons which contain the highest amount of soil organic matter

The dependence of the grass cover state of the golf courses from the soil properties was observed. The soils named “replantozem” are the basic soil of gaming zone of "fairway". It is shown, that the heavy particle size structure with a predominance of clay particles is unfavorable to the lawn. During the golf course construction, natural soils were ameliorated with high sand content. This new made soils ensure the formation of better grass coverage despite the low humus content

The accumulation features of radionuclides in the epitaphic pylaisiella moss (Pylaisia polyantha) in the territory of the city of Rostov-on-Don have been considered. The specific activities of 137Cs, 226Ra, 40K, and 232Th in the samples of moss, soils, and aerosol air have been compared. The capacity of Pylaisia polyantha to accumulate radionuclides has been estimated for four radionuclides (137Cs, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) with consideration for the background level. On the basis of radionuclide analysis, zones in the city of Rostov-on-Don with the highest accumulation coefficients of 137Cs, 226Ra, 40K, and 232Th were revealed. These were primarily the zones with both industrial and traffic loads and the motor transport zones

The soil properties out of playing areas of golf courses (so-called roughs) have an influence on the lawn vegetation state. Heavy texture of the soil has the cause of deterioration of the water-air properties of soil which is accompanied by changes in the nature of addition grass lawn from solid to mosaic. Non-aggressive grass of the artificial lawn has one of the reasons for renewal of native flora and the formation of a new type of plant association, closer to the natural vegetation of the Don floodplain