Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article analyzes the most important works on the history, regulatory, and organizational and legal regulation of secret police of the Russian Empire engaged in the fight against criminal offenses, as well as a brief analysis and commentary of the content. It is noted that in the pre-revolutionary historiography special studies on the historical and legal analysis of the criminal investigation have been identified as the national system of secret police was formed only in 1908. In all Soviet historiography police detective, exactly like all public institutions of autocratic Russia as a whole was considered from the extremely negative side, with an emphasis on its "class, anti-national character" and "reactionary nature", within the established ideological dogmas that ultimately resulted in the loss of objectivity and distortion of the truth. Post-Soviet historiography is characterized by an almost total abandonment of rigidly set ideological attitudes that positively entailed as a new vector in the development of historical and historical and legal sciences in general and objective coverage of the problem in particular. During this period there were some published works, though fragmentary, which address the problems of Russian secret police in historical and legal aspects, taking into account the new conceptual approach

The article shows that in the late XIX - early XX century in Russia it was really bad crime situation. Therefore, on March 12, 1908 due to the orders of the Director of the Police Department, M.I. Trusevich it was formed "Department of Criminal Detective parts", so 8th paperwork Department, tasked with the general supervision over the activities of the detective department of the Empire. June 20, 1908 in the State Duma they discussed the draft law "To the organization of the detective department". July 6, 1908, approved by the State Council and the State duma, the law "To the organization of the detective department" was approved by the Highest Emperor Nicholas II. In accordance with the law there were approved the authorities of the criminal investigation in the largest cities of Russia. The article states that the total number of police detective was brought to 96 units. Analyzing the law in question, it should point to a number of shortcomings associated with its material component. Firstly, this is a minor detective department states even for the 1st category, which significantly reduces the impact of operational and investigative activities, in addition, the absence of the detective department states in the 3rd and 4th digits as an assistant chief of the Detective Department gave problems in cases vacation, business trip or illness head. But in the article there are different and positive aspects of the law. With the adoption of the law it became possible the creation of the All-Russian secret police system

The article notes that in the XIX century by the name of the decree of the Emperor Alexander II there was formed the Kuban area, including the territories of the Black Sea Coast, North-Eastern part of the Kuban and Zakubanye. Based on the opinions of imperial approval of the State Council "On the permission for the Russian citizen of non-army class to settle and acquire property in the lands of the Cossack troops" from April 29, 1868, Kuban as a whole, and the town of Ekaterinodar, in particular, have received a significant increase in population, which meant the prospect of rapid economic development. The article states that in the period from 1869 to 1871 on the territory of the Kuban region there was a judicial reform, which had a result: from the January 1, 1871, alongside with the formation of new courts there were established new court departments of prosecution of the Ekaterinodar District Court. Along with this great transformation, taking place in the police, the Emperor Alexander II, with a view to changes and improvements in the apparatus of the police, approved the "Temporary Regulations for the structure of the police in towns and districts of the provinces, the general establishment of the governed", which provided preservation for the city police exclusively in provincial and major district towns, leaving it under domination of the police chiefs. The rest of the city and the county police subordinated to the county police departments headed by the county police officer