Scientific Journal of KubSAU

In assessing the optimal composition of machine and tractor fleet nomenclature and quantitative composition of parks of technical means and some parameters of production technology are used as varying variables, leaving the timing of mechanized fieldwork fixed. At the same time, changing the duration of mechanized operations in the most intense periods of the field season can significantly affect the amount of the basic means of mechanization as a part of machine and tractor fleet, the value of investments in its formation. The article used a method of determining the composition of the machine and tractor fleet of agricultural organizations considered the "flexible" duration of the mechanized operations in field and based on the iterative adjustment of the results of the optimization of machine and tractor fleet by the criterion of the minimum difference between savings investment and value of crop losses. The analysis showed that the economically viable term of harvesting of winter crops for domestic combine harvester Acros-530 is a period of 16 days. The article analyzes the economic efficiency of the different periods of the harvesting campaign using imported agricultural machinery. This work presents a sensitivity analysis of the effect of reducing the need to combine at different periods of cleaning of grain crops to the level of prices for products and equipments

We have highlighted the importance of ensuring a rational nomenclative and quantity structure of agricultural equipment for the timely and quality harvest of grain and cereal crops in agricultural organizations in southern Russia. The article shows the difficulty of choosing a certain trademark of combine harvester for the acquisition of a variety of domestic and foreign farm machine that implemented in the domestic market of agricultural machinery. We have considered different directions of price and operating characteristic of a combine harvester made by different manufacturers. We have also proved the exclusively importance and need for correct comparative economic assessment in conditions abatement of the national currency rate and a prices increase for imported equipment of mechanization, revealed methodical characteristic of technologic and economic evaluation of harvesting equipment, based on the calculation of unit (1 hectare harvest area) of aggregate costs, including the costs of exploitation a combine and additional costs caused to losses crops in the process of harvesting as design features of the machines. Comparative economic analysis of the most sold combine harvesters made by domestic and foreign manufacturers in the Russian market was carried out. We have proved the economic efficiency of the acquisition of domestic combine harvesters under current assessment at correlation prices for domestic and imported equipment of mechanization

The article presents the results of the analysis of the national beef cattle breeding, including the dynamics of the stock and amounts of beef production in Russia and the Krasnodar region. The study has noted the high degree of dependence of the domestic market from imports of this product. It showed a positive international experience of beef production based on feeding animal meat breeds. This article gives an analysis of the sub-sector in the country and across its regions, shows the availability of domestic producers of beef natural pastures in comparison with countries with developed beef cattle. We have also noted positive experience of feeding cattle meat breeds in separate regions of the country

The article reviews economic aspects of efficiency improvement of the national breeding capacity in rice growing. It is noted that there are no foreign rice varieties in the RF State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use. However, only 2 - 3 leading rice varieties cover more than half of the rice acreage and thus reducing the efficiency of the existing varieties potential of the economic sub-sector. The critical importance of breeding and the wide-spread introduction into production of rice varieties resistant to disease is highlighted. The cyclic and growing occurrence frequency of blast as the most harmful disease of rice is shown. The data are provided on the increase of the annual cost of the rice crop and fungicide treatment and reduced yields of different varieties of rice during epiphytoties. A refined formula is proposed for calculating the annual economic effect of the introduction of new rice varieties. The formula takes into account changes in yield components, grain quality, the cost of breeding and introduction of new varieties, as well as the potential cost savings due to rice resistance to blast. The seeds of domestic long-grain rice varieties and exclusive varieties resistant to blast are available for the Russian market. For a wider introduction into production of all local bred rice varieties, it is necessary to actively develop seed production, improve market research as well as the management efficiency in plant breeding and seed production