Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Water is the most important substance of the composition of all living organisms on our planet. Active industrialization of society has led to an increase in the amount of water consumed for the needs of the economy and to increase the volume of poorly treated sewage. In the twentieth century, during the arms race, the United States, the USSR, Britain, France, China, in the tests of nuclear weapons, the deuterium content in groundwater and surface waters has increased significantly. Formed in nuclear fission neutrons loose, falling into the nucleus of a hydrogen atom form a deuterium atom. In the last 70 years, the deuterium content of water bodies has increased by almost 30%. Natural ponds and rivers no longer cope with self-purification of polluted water. In most regions of the country there are restrictions on the use of natural sources of water for drinking and bathing. Only the rare mountain springs and meltwater mountain tops glaciers have pristine purity of water with a low content of deuterium. There is reliable information about the harmful effects of heavy water on biological objects and the possibility of reducing the deuterium content in tap water by technical means. A method of producing so-called "protium" steam distillation of water proven in practice is based on the famous kinetic isotope effect difference of light water boiling temperature (100 С) and heavy water (103 С), but this method is characterized by higher energy costs. It is not economically justified. Another method of forming the light water is electrolysis, which in spite of the considerable power consumption has prospects of implementation. Our job is to create a viable water separation technology with a different isotopic composition. The resulting improved technology for water with DDW will be widely used in the production of beverages and a variety of other foods

The main way to extend the shelf life of fruit and vegetable raw materials is low-temperature drying, characterized by high quality products, low energy consumption and affordable cost of finished products. More fully, a two-stage drying, the first stage of which is convective drying and the second stage - convective vacuum drying, meet such requirements. The article substantiates the prospects for the use of fruit and berry powders in public catering, using electro-physical effects that significantly reduce the loss of valuable components of the feedstock. The authors proposed a combination of conventional convective dewatering processes with vacuum microwave treatment, in order to achieve high quality indices of dried products. The aim of the work is to reduce energy consumption for drying and improve the quality of finished products. Among the objects of research, there are fruit and vegetable raw materials, designs of drying plants and technological modes of two-stage drying and devices providing it. The research subjects include the establishment of the properties of fruit and vegetable raw materials in the process of two-stage drying. The methods of research are based on the use of modern methods of analysis and instrumentation. On the way of widespread introduction of powders into the production of various food products, there is a problem of insufficient attention of producers to this type of product, low volumes of its production and monopoly of individual producers of powders