Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article discusses the possibilities and presents the results of research on the cultivation of spring barley with different production technologies in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in a stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, flat-cut, layered, without tillage – no-till). It is established that the most expensive is the waste treatment of the soil (PN-5-35), and the least expensive is the technology excluding the impact on the soil. At the same time, the operating costs of labor and fuel consumption at no-till are lower, respectively, by 82-107, 23-48, 131-188% in comparison with traditional types of technology. Hectare fuel consumption with zero technology is 131-188% less than with traditional technologies and amounted to 22.8 kg / ha. The cost of production of spring barley using no-till is 8-41% lower compared to flat-cut, layer-by-layer, and dump technology and amounts to 285 rubles per cent. Calculated per 1 hectare, labor costs, fuel consumption, wages, fuel costs, deductions for renovation and repairs, as well as total operating costs for traditional basic tillage technologies increase, respectively, 1,23-1,48; 2,31-2,88; 1,30-1,56; 3,1-3,81; 1,65-1,85; 1,81-1,96; 1,83-2,09 times compared with no-till. The use of spring barley cultivation technology that excludes impact on the soil provides a fairly high efficiency even at lower yields

The article presents the results of research on the impact of tillage technologies on the value of its density in the cultivation of winter wheat in conditions of insufficient and unstable wetting of the south of Russia. Experimental studies were carried out in the conditions of a long-term stationary experiment with a four-field crop rotation with different variants of tillage (dump, layer-by-layer, small, surface). The soil density was fixed at spring tillering of winter wheat and at the end of the growing season. Conducted analysis of variance shows that the soil has relaxation abilities, i.e. over time, it restores its properties by compaction ability, since studies conducted during the period of tillering of winter wheat show that Ffact. Ftable. (5,794,76), i.e. methods of treatment have an impact on soil compaction, which cannot be said for the case at the end of the growing season of winter wheat. The ability to restore its properties is a remarkable property of the soil, as it prevents them from over-compaction. The energy intensity of the compacted soil treatment increases to 30%, while the degree of crumbling is significantly reduced and its lumpiness increases. The most fundamental way to reduce the density of the soil is its timely loosening by working bodies of agricultural tools. Tillage methods affect soil density, the correlation coefficient between tillage methods and soil density varies between 0,929-0,979. The most radical way of soil decompression is exposure to it by a certain type of working bodies