The article is devoted to the study of enzymesantioxidants
contained in horseradish root. The article
provides a detailed analysis of the sources of information,
aimed at clarifying the content of enzymesantioxidants
contained in horseradish root, grown in
the Astrakhan region in the autumn and summer. During
the analysis of the literature, it was found that the
content of enzyme-antioxidants in the root of the
horseradish is not constant and depends on climatic
conditions, planting time and harvest time. The content
of antioxidants in the root of horseradish grown in the
Astrakhan region in the summer-autumn period was
studied using by the method of A.N. Bach and A.I.
Oparin. 2 g of horseradish roots contains the number
of enzymes - antioxidants able to expand for 30 min
(1,547 • 100) / (20 • 1) = 77.35 mg of hydrogen peroxide
in 1 min - 2.56 mg. 1mkmol As hydrogen peroxide
is 0.034 mg, in 2 g horseradish contains 76 E enzyme -
antioxidants (or E 38 1 g horseradish). The results of
this work will form the basis for the creation and study
of new enterosorbent with antioxidant functions. Enterosorbent
prepared by adsorption on starch antioxidants
such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbic acid,
from aqueous extracts of plant material
Since the industrial revolution a huge amount of pollutants
emitted annually into the water most of which is
occupied by toxic metals. These metals widely distributed
in the environment and of accumulation of a
threat to human health. It is known, that cadmium and
zinc at high concentrations have a negative impact on
nature. In modern wastewater treatment technology we
widely use polymeric sorbents with chelating properties.
The use of polymeric chelating sorbents (PCS)
usage allows separating individual or group trace elements
from large volumes of solutions of complex
composition, lowering the limit of detection, eliminating
or reducing significantly the impact of macrocomponents
which increases the cleaning efficiency.
The article presents the results of a study of conditions
of interaction of zinc (II) ions and cadmium (II) with
PCT - polystyrene-azo-o-phenol-azo-rhodanine. We
found the optimal values of the conditions for zinc (II)
ions and cadmium (II) sorption. We investigated the
effect of interfering of the macro- and micro- water
components with the sorption of the ions studied.
Maximum desorption of metal ions is achieved by
washing the concentrate with 10 ml of 2M hydrochloric
acid. The data indicate availability of the investigated
sorbent for concentration and separation of zinc
(II) ions and cadmium (II)
Theoretically and experimentally, we investigated the
process of adjusting the pH of natural water of
hydrocarbonate class electrodialyzer with bipolar
membranes with channel length of 40 cm. We
experimentally measured concentration of
components, pH of the solutions in alkaline and acid
channels of electrodeposition depending on the current
density. The article describes a mathematical model
for long channels; to scale the mass transfer
characteristics of the process there was applied and
verified a method of compartmentalization, which
gave the possibility to calculate the dependence of the
component along the channel length at different
velocities of flow of the solution. Numerical
calculations were compared with experimental data on
electrodialyser of 10 cm and 40 cm length
The article presents the experimental results of the
study of the concentration dependence of the electrical
conductivity of heterogeneous ion-exchange
membranes that are in contact with solutions of weak
electrolytes - carboxylic acids. It is shown that in this
case the membrane conductivity is higher than the
conductivity of the solution, wherein the conductivity
of cation exchange membranes substantially greater
(by an order of magnitude) than the conductivity of
anion exchange membranes. This fact must be
considered when designing the actual electrodialysis
processes of processing solutions containing organic
ions. The work identified the need to develop modern
ideas about transport and the structural organization of
ion-exchange materials, to describe the structure of the
ion-exchange membranes that are in contact with weak
electrolytes solutions
The article presents the results of the development of
an alternative model for calculating the values of
atomic radius. A formula was derived for calculating
the atomic radius of the elements of the Periodic
System of DI Mendeleev. The optimal calculation
conditions for the proposed model are found. It is
shown that the curve of the dependence of the value of
the correction coefficient x on the atomic number of
the element in form coincides with the dependence of
the ionization energy on the charge number
To develop the novel herbicide antidotes for the
sunflower vegetative plants, the group of chemical
compounds, belonging to the derivatives of
isoxalopyrazolopyridines was synthesized and their
antidote activity both in the laboratory and field
experiments was studied. The compounds with a high
antidote effect were found
In this article, we discuss the relationship between the
previously obtained model for calculating atomic radii
with electrodynamics, the hydrodynamic model of the
planets of the Solar System, and the R-function of the
structural organization of electronic systems. It is
shown that the curve of the dependence of the value
of the correction coefficient e
x
on the atomic number
of the element in form coincides with the dependence
of the ionization energy on the mass of the atom and
the R-function on the nuclear charge. The concept of
the "atomic nucleus potential", which takes into
account the energy of the nucleus and the charge of
the nucleus of the atom, is introduced. It is shown that
the radius of an atom is the product of the nuclear
potential by a factor kx
, taking into account the
characteristics of electronic levels; the energy of the
nuclear reaction is the work of the forces of the field
(potential) of the atomic nucleus along the
displacement of the atomic charge. The dependence of
the potential of the nucleus on the charge number in
the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table is shown. It is shown
that any system of satellites (or atomic shells) has a
constant ratio of its Kepler number to the mass of the
central body around which they rotate. It is shown that
in the Table of Mendeleev's chemical elements and in
the solar system, the fundamental value is the mass of
the center (the nucleus of the atom or the center of the
orbit). The ratio of the Kepler number to the mass of
the central body is a constant, within the accuracy of
construction and calculations
The method has been developed of simultaneous
determination of active ingredients of different kinds
of pesticides in biological tissues (fish liver) by
applying HPLC with ultra-violet detection and the
rapid method of QuEChERS sample preparation. We
defined optimum volume and composition of the
reagents for the extraction, time of centrifugation and
ultrasound treatment, the origin and composition of
sorbents that ensure maximum extraction of the
substances studied and further cleanup of interfering
substances. Acetonitrile was used as a solvent. The
extraction was carried out in the presence of a
buffering mixture - trisodium citrate dihydrate and
disodium citrate hemihydrate. Bondesil PSA bulk
sorbents (alkylated amine containing two amine
functional groups - secondary and primary) and C18E
(reversed-phase sorbent based on silica gel with
grafted octadecylsilane groups were used to purify the
extract from coextractable substances (fats, proteins,
sugars, organic and fatty acids, pigments and other
impurities). The degree of extraction of the analyzed
active ingredients of pesticides from the liver of fish
was 79%. The detectable pesticide concentrations
ranged from 0,4 to 0,97 mg/kg. The relative standard
deviation of the analysis results amounted to 0,01-0,14
The results of investigation of melanoidin’s formation
early stages in acidic ethanolic D-glucose – p-toluidine
model system are presented. Based on the elemental
analysis, IR- and UV-spectroscopy data obtained we
have shown, that in system studied Amadori
rearrangement product undergo the aryl amine
elimination during browning to form a nonnitrogenous
reductons with antioxidative activity in
processes of linoleic acid oxidation. It is also noted,
that in system studied inhibition of carbohydrate’s
destruction occurs because of non-reactive O-ethylglycosides
formation. The data obtained may be useful
for technology of carbohydrate-containing raw
material
Macrodeficiency of polymeric materials, including the
pervasive one, is a consequence of the development of
initial microdefects which appear in polymers both
due to external factors and during their processing.
This article solves the task of identification the
interrelation and interdependence of structural
microdefects of various polymeric materials,
consisting in the estimation of the structural
parameters under uniaxial deformation. It is
experimentally shown that the process of changing
microdefects in the material bulk begins to flow more
intensely during deformation of the material, having
anisotropic structures in the bulk. Change of the
parameters of microdefects is not observed compared
to the starting material at small quantities of the
deformation. In the area of deformation corresponding
to the transition of the material from isotropic to
anisotropic state parameters of microdefects do not
depend on the degree of deformation of the sample,
and abrupt changes of the parameters of microdefects
are observed after completing the formation of
anisotropic patterns. It is shown experimentally the
identity of the parameters of microdefects in the bulk
material (rubber-based natural caoutchouc) during
deformation with the quantities of local deformations
at the edge of the artificially created macrodefects.
Under uniaxial deformation more than 280-300% and
the growth of the quantities of local deformations
come out at the edge of the artificially created
macrodefects and normalized linear dimension k and
decrease the total number n of microdefects